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Topic: Intrafusal muscle fiber

	ipedia.com: Muscle spindle Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Muscle spindles are found within the fleshy portions of muscles, embedded in so-called extrafusal muscle fibers.
		Muscle spindles are encapsulated by connective tissue, and are aligned Parallel_(geometry) to extrafusal muscle fibers, unlike Golgi tendon organs, which are oriented Series_(geometry).
		When a muscle is stretched, primary sensory fibers (Group Ia afferent neurons) of the muscle spindle respond to both the velocity and the degree of stretch, and send this information to the spinal cord.
	www.ipedia.com /muscle_spindle.html (500 words)

	Dysafferentation: A Novel Term (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Muscle spindles are classically described as receptors that send information into the CNS about muscle length or the rate of change of muscle length.
		For example, Carpenter states that afferent fiber input to the cerebellum exceeds efferent fibers by a ratio of-approximately 40:1, which demonstrates the degree to which afferent ~input is needed by the CNS (107).
		The majority of these fibers project to the lateral cortex of the cerebellum, which is involved in the coordination and regulation of sequential and volitional motor activities initiated by the cerebral cortex (95, 110).
	www.chiro.org /LINKS/ABSTRACTS/Seaman_dysafferentiation.shtml (10550 words)

	UCLA Department of Physiological Science-- Homepage of Reggie Edgerton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Spector, S.A., Gardiner, P.F., Zernicke, R.F., Roy, R.R., and Edgerton, V.R. Muscle architecture and force-velocity characteristics of the cat soleus and medial gastrochemius.
		Edgerton, V.R., Barnard, R.J., Peter, J.B., Gillespie, C.A., and Simpson, D.R. Overloaded skeletal muscle of a nonhuman primate (Galago senegalensis) Experimental Neurology 37: 322-339.
		Edgerton, V.R. and Simpson, D.R. The intermediate muscle fiber of rats and guinea pigs Journal of Histochemical Cytochemical 17: 828-838.
	www.physci.ucla.edu /physcifacultyindiv.php?FacultyKey=82 (9120 words)

	Nuclear
		Nuclear bag fiber Brief Outline: 1-3 nuclear bag fibres lie in the centre of each intrafusal muscle fibre of a muscle sp...
		Nuclear bunker buster Bunker-busting nuclear weapons are a proposed type of bunkers buried deep in the ground usually un...
		Nuclear chain fiber Brief Outline: There are 3-9 nuclear chain fibres per muscle spindle that are half the size of the n...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/nuclear.html (1746 words)

	Muscle Structure & Function: Part 4
		One of the reasons for holding a stretch for a prolonged period of time is that as you hold the muscle in a stretched position, the muscle spindle habituates (becomes accustomed to the new length) and reduces its signaling.
		The reason that the stretch reflex has two components is because there are actually two kinds of intrafusal muscle fibers: "nuclear chain fibers", which are responsible for the static component; and "nuclear bag fibers", which are responsible for the dynamic component.
		This is the dynamic component of the stretch reflex: a strong signal to contract at the onset of a rapid increase in muscle length, followed by slightly "higher than normal" signaling which gradually decreases as the rate of change of the muscle length decreases.
	www.scnf.org /riley4.html (2152 words)

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