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Topic: Intramembranous

In the News (Mon 6 Jul 09)

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	Carnegie Museum of Natural History - John R. Wible (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		1, 4, 5: na) paired, intramembranous bone in the roof of the nasal cavity.
		1, 4, 5: pa) paired, intramembranous bone in the skull roof.
		Vomer – (not figured) unpaired, intramembranous bone in the nasal cavity.
	www.carnegiemuseums.org /cmnh/mammals/publications/opossum.htm (482 words)

	BONE DEVELOPMENT
		Intramembranous ossification takes place in the so-called membrane bones of the skull, while endochondral ossification is characteristic of the bones of the trunk and extremities.
		Osteoblasts in this location are engaged in periosteal bone formation, a type of intramembranous ossification, which is responsible for the growth in thickness of long bones.
		Remember there are bones in the body, which are formed exclusively by intramembranous ossification, but there is NO bone in the body, which is the product of endochondral ossification alone.
	www.mc.vanderbilt.edu /histology/labmanual2002/labsection1/boneform&synovialjoints03.htm (1411 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 1081
		The width and shape of the rima glottidis vary with the movements of the vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages during respiration and phonation.
		Conversely in extreme abduction of the vocal folds, as in forced inspiration, the arytenoids and their vocal processes are rotated lateralward, and the intercartilaginous part is triangular in shape but with its apex directed backward.
		In this condition the entire glottis is somewhat lozenge-shaped, the sides of the intramembranous part diverging from before backward, those of the intercartilaginous part diverging from behind forward—the widest part of the aperture corresponding with the attachments of the vocal folds to the vocal processes.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page1081.html (383 words)

	Blue Histology - Skeletal Tissues - Bone
		Bones are formed by two mechanisms: intramembranous ossification (bones of the skull, part of the mandible and clavicle) or endochondral ossification.
		Intramembranous ossification occurs within a membranous, condensed plate of mesenchymal cells.
		the manchette of bone forming around the diaphysis of the cartilage model of the bone, is formed by a mechanism similar to intramembranous ossification and results in the deposition of woven bone.
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /mb140/CorePages/Bone/Bone.htm (2945 words)

	Example: Intramembranous Ossification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The outer compact bone--the "tables" to use the gross anatomist's terminology--will be formed by ossification of the dense areas top and bottom in this field.This process hasn't yet begun in the specimen used for this example.
		In intramembranous bone formation, the principal difference from endochondral ossification is what is being replaced.
		Intramembranous ossification is also responsible for "shaping" the outer surfaces of many long bones.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab8/Examples/exmembos.htm (195 words)

	Neonatal Title Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The distinction between endochondral and intramembranous formation rests on whether a cartilage model serves as the precursor of the bone (endochondral ossification) or whether the bone is formed by a simpler method, without the intervention of a cartilage precursor (intramembranous ossification).
		The replacement of bone is established on the preexisting bone by appositional growth and is identical in both cases.
		Long bones, although classified as forming by endochondral formation, their continued growth involves the histogenesis of the endochondral bone and the histogenesis of intramembranous bone, with the later occurring through the activity of the periosteal (membrane) tissue.
	www.sru.edu /depts/pt/histo/neonatal.htm (464 words)

	Regulatory response of intramembranous absorption of amniotic fluid to infusion of exogenous fluid in sheep -- Faber ...
		Regulatory response of intramembranous absorption of amniotic fluid to infusion of exogenous fluid in sheep -- Faber and Anderson 277 (1): 236 -- AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
		Regulatory response of intramembranous absorption of amniotic fluid to infusion of exogenous fluid in sheep
		Vascularization of the ovine amnion and chorion: a morphometric characterization of the surface area of the intramembranous pathway.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/1/R236 (4293 words)

	bc_martini_eap_3\|The Skeletal System\|Embryology Atlas
		Some bones (e.g., facial bones and certain flat bones of the cranium) develop by intramembranous ossification whereby mesenchymal cells develop into osteoblasts that directly form bone without first passing though a cartilaginous stage.
		The mesenchyme of the mandibular process condenses around the outer side of the first arch and undergoes intramembranous ossification to form two membrane bones: the mandible and tympanic plate (that will later fuse with the squamous temporal bone and otic capsule).
		The nasal, lacrimal and inferior nasal concha bones develop from single centers of intramembranous ossification in close association with the nasal capsule.
	wps.aw.com /bc_martini_eap_3/0,7016,453937-,00.html (3515 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Intramembranous bone formation involves the growth of mesenchymal cells in a highly vascularized area of embryonic primordium that differentiate into bone forming cells, pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts.
		Calcification of the matrix in both the periosteal layer and at the growth plate (epiphysis) follows hypertrophy and apoptosis of chondrocytes with the appearance of osteoblastic stromal cells derived from intramembranous bone formation that occurs in perichondeal (periosteal) zone of apposition.
		Vascular ingrowth into this periosteal zone of woven bone faciltates the development of hematogenous marrow and the movement of osteoprogenitor cells into the marrow space.
	www.spacebio.net /modules/bp_resource/bone_reading.doc (929 words)

	LLU histology glossary - Bone
		Intramembranous bone begins to form on a connective tissue surface not an eroded cartilage surface.
		In woven bone there is no orientation of collagen fibers and the osteocyte lacunae are larger, closer together and lack any evidence of order.
		Woven bone is first formed in intramembranous bones but most of it is replaced by lamellar bone.
	www.llu.edu /llu/medicine/anatomy/glossary/Ans29_36.htm (597 words)

	Mesodermal Derivatives II
		Bone tissue can form directly from mesenchymal precursors by a process called intramembranous ossification or it can form by the replacement of a temporary cartilaginous skeleton in a process called endochondral ossification.
		Membranous bone (as bone formed by intramembranous ossification is known) is formed directly from layers of mesenchymal cells without the need for a cartilage precursor.
		In mammals, intramembranous ossification forms many of the flat bones of the cranium (skull).
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/meso2.html (954 words)

	Articles - Bone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The formation of bone occurs by two methods: intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
		Intramembranous ossification mainly occurs during formation of the flat bones of the skull; the bone is formed from mesenchyme tissue.
		Endochondral ossification occurs in long bones, such as limbs; the bone is formed from cartilage.
	www.beadscenter.com /articles/Bone (1570 words)

	[No title]
		No, the answer is D. Osteoblasts secrete collagen fibers and an organic matric which together comprise osteoid (also called prebone).The synthesis and release of alkaline phosphatase into the microenvironment surrounding the osteoblasts releases phosphate ions and raises the Ca X P product.
		No, the answer is C. In the prenatal period, long bone elongation occurs in the region of the diaphyseal-epiphyseal junction (metaphysis) in association with the primary ossification center.
		No, the answer is E. The skull consists of a protective brain case called the neurocranium and the viscerocranium (skeleton of the jaws and face).The neurocranium consists of 2 parts the cartilaginous neurocranium (chondrocranium) and the membranous neurocranium.
	kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/em10.wbc (1140 words)

	Skeletal System / Bone Development and Growth
		Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells, osteocytes are mature bone cells and osteoclasts break down and reabsorb bone.
		There are two types of ossification: intramembranous and endochondral.
		Intramembranous ossification involves the replacement of sheet-like connective tissue membranes with bony tissue.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit3_3_bone_growth.html (634 words)

	Posterior Cruciate Ligament-retaining TKA
		Even if neural crest cells do not contribute directly to the intramembranous bones of the cranial vault, they could do so indirectly by means of the dura mater, which arises from neural crest cells.
		Cranial vault sutures typically form with the interfrontal (metopic) suture the saggital suture between the parietal bones, the paired coronal sutures between the two frontal and two parietal bones, the paired lamdoidal sutures between the supraoccipital and parietal bones, and the squasomal sutures between the parital, temporal, and sphenoid bones.
		As the brain expands and the cranial base synchondroses lengthen, the sutures respond by adding intramembraneous bone at the edges of the bone fronts, such that the sutures remain approximately the same width and the cranial vault increases in size to accommodate the enlarging brain.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~ts117993/esp/SkullPage/SkullArt1-S.html (600 words)

	Comparative Anatomy Topic 11 - Skull and Jaws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Endochondral bones are primarily the long bones of the body and some of the skull bones.
		Intramembranous bones forms directly from mesenchyme without any cartilaginous precursor.
		There are three types of Intramembranous bones, dermal bone, sesamoid bones, and perichondral and periosteal bones.
	www.auburn.edu /academic/classes/zy/0301/Topic7/Topic7.html (2060 words)

	Bone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Intramembranous osteogenesis begins within a region of mesenchymal tissue.
		This is an embryonic connective tissue with many cells, delicate collagenic fibrillae and a mucous type ground substance.
		Vascularization is essential to this phenomenon, and the pointer in the upper right quadrant of the frame indicates one of the thin walled blood sinusoids.
	www.usc.edu /hsc/dental/ghisto/bone/c_23.html (52 words)

	[No title]
		No, the answer is E. In both endochondral and intramembranous ossification woven bone is the first bone formed.
		The first bone formed during fracture healing is woven bone, which is remodelled slightly from cancellous bone or undergoes extensive remodelling to form Haversian systems of compact bone.
		Long bones formed by endochondral ossification invariably produce a cartilaginous callus, while flat bones formed originally by intramembranous ossification usually heal without the appearance of cartilage.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/to06.wbc (994 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 82, 4, April, 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Abstract: Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to investigate intramembranous particle (IMP) densities and particle distributions in the plasma membrane and tonoplast of the cells of secreting and nonsecreting leaves of Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn.
		Intramembranous particle densities of the protoplasmic (P) and exoplasmic (E) face of the plasma membrane and tonoplast were significantly higher in hypodermal cells of secreting leaves than of nonsecreting leaves.
		However, particle densities were higher in the plasma membrane and tonoplast of the mesophyll cells, compared to the hypodermal cells, with the exception of the P-face of hypodermal plasma membranes of secreting tissue, which had the highest particle density measured.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001973.html (3317 words)

	Skel 01
		There is a answer among the other choices that refers specifically to the type of ossification that produces the long bones which comprise most of the skeleton.
		Intramembranous bone formation occurs in layers of membranes composed of connective tissues, and it produces flat bones such as those of the skull.
		Bones produced by endochondral bone formation constitute most of the skeleton and are called cartilaginous bones (these are the long bones).
	www.fortlewis.edu /academics/school_arts_sciences/biology/anatphys/skel01.htm (148 words)

	Lab Exercises-Intramembranous bone formation
		Instead, dense areas of mesenchymal cells transform and begin to lay down bone around themselves, forming early spicules.
		The above photograph shows trabeculae from fetal skull which have developed via intramembranous bone formation.
		Thus, bone remodeling is proceeding in intramembranous bone formation as well.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /microanatomy/bone/devbone2_lab.htm (267 words)

	Identification and Characterization of Presenilin-independent Notch Signaling -- Berechid et al. 277 (10): 8154 -- ...
		Recent studies have shown that presenilins are required for the intramembranous cleavage of Notch (13, 16, 17, 20-22)
		To explore the dependence on intramembranous cleavage of PS-independent signaling, we studied the effect of a mutation in
		In light of the apparent lack of requirement for an intramembranous endoproteolysis for Notch signaling in PS null cells,
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/10/8154 (7728 words)

	XI. Splanchnology. 2a. The Mouth. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		After the dentin of the root has been developed, the vascular tissues of the dental sac begin to break through the epithelial sheath, and spread over the surface of the root as a layer of bone-forming material.
		In this osteoblasts make their appearance, and the process of ossification goes on in identically the same manner as in the ordinary intramembranous ossification of bone.
		In this way the cement is formed, and consists of ordinary bone containing canaliculi and lacunæ.
	www.bartleby.com /107/242.html (10444 words)

	ESB 98 Toulouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The biomechanical conditions at the fracture site are the guiding factors for the type (intramembranous or endochondral ossification) and the success of bone healing.
		In a previous study we presented a new quanititative tissue differentiation hypothesis, which relates the local tissue formation in a fracture gap to the local stress and strain [1].
		Studies on drill hole defects have shown, that all defects heal by intramembranous bone formation [2,3].
	www.utc.fr /esb/esb98/abs_htm/330.html (316 words)

	Presenilins mediate a dual intramembranous [gamma]-secretase cleavage of Notch-1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		APP, undergoes several distinct intramembranous cleavages: one close to the cytoplasmic border (S3) of the TM and a novel heterogeneous cut near the middle of the TM, which we now term site-4 (S4) cleavage (Figure 2B).
		Both result in the generation of the respective ICD (via cleavage close to the cytoplasmic border of the membrane) as well as the secretion of a small and hydrophobic peptide (via cleavage within the middle of the TM).
		Lopez-Schier H and St Johnston D (2002) Drosophila nicastrin is essential for the intramembranous cleavage of Notch.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/dynapage.taf?file=/emboj/journal/v21/n20/full/7594758a.html (5281 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Decreased Endosteal Intramembranous Bone Formation Accompanies Aging in a Mouse Model of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Publication request: Decreased Endosteal Intramembranous Bone Formation Accompanies Aging in a Mouse Model of Distraction Osteogenesis
		Citation: Aronson, J., Liu, L., Gao, G.G., Perrien, D.S., Brown, E.C., Skinner, R.A., Thomas, J.R., Morris, K.D., Suva, L.J., Badger, T.M., Lumpkin, C.K. Decreased Endosteal Intramembranous Bone Formation Accompanies Aging In A Mouse Model Of Distraction Osteogenesis.
		Interpretive Summary: The ACNC is studying how diet and nutritional status affects bone development and growth using a procedure known as distraction osteogenesis (DO).
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=151221 (451 words)

	Properties and roles of an intramembranous charge mobilized at high voltages in frog skeletal muscle -- Shirokova et ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Properties and roles of an intramembranous charge mobilized at high voltages in frog skeletal muscle -- Shirokova et al.
		Properties and roles of an intramembranous charge mobilized at high voltages in frog skeletal muscle
		be intramembranous in four tests of charge conservation, demonstrating that
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/486/2/385 (717 words)

	Ablation of the PTHrP gene or the PTH/PTHrP receptor gene leads to distinct abnormalities in bone development -- Lanske ...
		In the intramembranous bone adjacent to hypertrophic chondrocytes
		In contrast to the intramembranous bone, the bone in the primary
		The bottom bone cartoon illustrates the cortical bone produced by intramembranous formation, and the trabecular bone.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/104/4/399 (3948 words)

	Ocular malformations, postaxial polydactyly, and delayed intramembranous ossification: a new autosomal dominant ...
		Ocular malformations, postaxial polydactyly, and delayed intramembranous ossification: a new autosomal dominant condition
		We present a father and two sons with a constellation of anomalies including microphthalmia and related ocular malformations, delayed intramembranous ossification, and postaxial polydactyly.
		Delayed intramembranous ossification may be clinically under-reported, since it resolves with age and often causes no serious
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/38/8/547 (2003 words)

	Immunohistochemical Study of Osteopontin Expression During Distraction Osteogenesis in the Rat -- Perrien et al. 50 ...
		in the mandible occurs by intramembranous ossification and previous
		(F) During intramembranous bone formation, OPN expression is biphasic in the osteoblastic cells.
		Comparison of OPN- and PCNA-labeled sections (H) reveals that the first peak in OPN overlaps with the proliferative front (brown nuclei), downregulation of OPN corresponds to post-proliferative pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts adjacent to the microcolumns, and the second peak in OPN corresponds to matrix formation in the microcolumns (MC).
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/50/4/567 (4236 words)

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