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Topic: Intramembranous ossification

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Endochondral ossification

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	Skeletal System / Bone Development and Growth
		The terms osteogenesis and ossification are often used synonymously to indicate the process of bone formation.
		Intramembranous ossification involves the replacement of sheet-like connective tissue membranes with bony tissue.
		Ossification in the epiphyses is similar to that in the diaphysis except that the spongy bone is retained instead of being broken down to form a medullary cavity.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit3_3_bone_growth.html (634 words)

	Ossification \| World of Anatomy and Physiology
		Ossification is a term that refers to the formation of bone.
		Intramembranous ossification is concerned with so-called mesenchyme cells—cells that have the ability to differentiate into any number of structurally and functionally different tissues.
		An example of intramembranous ossification is the formation of the topmost area of the skull.
	www.bookrags.com /research/ossification-wap (334 words)

	BONE DEVELOPMENT
		Intramembranous ossification takes place in the so-called membrane bones of the skull, while endochondral ossification is characteristic of the bones of the trunk and extremities.
		This type of ossification involves the replacement of a cartilaginous model by bone and is best observed in long bones, such as the humerus or femur.
		The cartilage between the primary and secondary ossification canters is called the epiphyseal plate, and it continues to form new cartilage, which is replaced by bone, a process that results in an increase in length of the bone.
	www.mc.vanderbilt.edu /histology/labmanual2002/labsection1/boneform&synovialjoints03.htm (1411 words)

	bc_martini_eap_3\|The Skeletal System\|Embryology Atlas
		Ossification is not completed in certain bones until about twenty-five or thirty years of age.
		Ossification of the vertebral column and ribs begins in the eighth week, continues throughout childhood, and becomes complete in young adulthood.
		At birth, primary centers of ossification occur in all the limb bones except the patella, and carpal and certain tarsal bones.
	wps.aw.com /bc_martini_eap_3/0,7016,453937-,00.html (3515 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| FGF9 can induce endochondral ossification in cranial mesenchyme
		During endochondral ossification, the transcription factors Sox9, Sox5 and/or Sox6 are expressed and are involved in the induction of chondrocytes [1].
		In particular, it is not known whether intramembranous ossification is prespecified by the ontogeny of the cranial mesenchyme or is a response to local environmental signals.
		During intramembranous ossification of the flat bones, FGFR1–3 are expressed by the differentiating osteoblasts at the osteogenic fronts and also by the adjacent cartilage [6,7].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-213X/6/7 (6161 words)

	Endotext.com - Diseases of Bone and Calcium Metabolism, Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Bone - Histogenesis, Growth and ...
		The main difference between intramembranous and endochondral bone formation is the presence of a cartilaginous model, or anlage, in the latter.
		Secondary ossification centers begin to form at the epiphyseal ends of the cartilaginous model, and by a similar process, trabecular bone and a marrow space are formed at these ends.
		Intramembranous ossification is the process by which flat bones are formed.
	www.mdtext.com /parathyroid/parathyroid1/parathyroid1.htm (6481 words)

	Intramembranous ossification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not involved or present in this process.
		The primary centre of ossification is the area where bone growth occurs between the periosteum and the bone.
		Osteogenic cells that originate from the periosteum increase appositional growth and a bone collar is formed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intramembranous_ossification (453 words)

	Blue Histology - Skeletal Tissues - Bone
		Bones are formed by two mechanisms: intramembranous ossification (bones of the skull, part of the mandible and clavicle) or endochondral ossification.
		Intramembranous ossification occurs within a membranous, condensed plate of mesenchymal cells.
		Ossification centres appear as areas of a gradual transition from connective tissue to bone.
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /mb140/CorePages/Bone/Bone.htm (2945 words)

	Skull Basics
		Bone throughout the body is formed by one of two types of ossification processes: endochondral ossification, and intramembranous ossification.
		The ossification of cartilaginous models of facial bones begins at approximately the third month of development, during the beginning of the Fetal period.
		Intramembranous, or direct, ossification is a process whereby bone is formed directly without first going through a cartilage stage.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /craniofacial/LynmProject/BSC/BSC2.HTM (886 words)

	Bone Formation
		Osteoblasts, used mainly in intramembranous ossification, are the specialized cells in bone tissue that deposit calcium into the protein matrix of bone (collagen).
		Bones formed during intramembranous formation are called membranous bones, or occasionally dermal bone, and bones formed during endochondral formation are called cartilage bone.
		Thickness in cartilage bones is accomplished by intramembranous ossification.
	members.tripod.com /projectskeletal/boneform.htm (914 words)

	Fractures in Children
		The mesoderm is the middle germ layer of the early embryo.
		This type of ossification normally occurs in the deeper layers of the dermis and thus the resulting bones (flat bones of the skull, the mandible and the clavicle) are often called dermal bones.
		The location in a tissue where ossification begins is called an ossification centre.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session4/45/embryology.html (753 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 3, d838-848, August 1, 1998]
		Intramembranous ossification occurs when mesenchymal precursor cells proliferate and subsequently differentiate directly into osteoblasts which mineralize an immature bone tissue called woven bone, characterized by irregular bundles of randomly oriented collagen fibers and an abundance of partially calcified immature new bone, called osteoid.
		This embryonic cartilage is avascular, and during its early development, a ring of woven bone is formed by intramembranous ossification in the future midshaft area.
		In the distal parts of the limbs, ossification is first observed in the middle region of the cartilage primordia of the metacarpals at about 16.5 days p.c., and complete ossification of the digits of both fore- and hindlimbs is not completed until 18.5 days p.c.
	www.bioscience.org /1998/V3/d/starnaud/2.htm (1618 words)

	Bone Development and Growth
		Ossification is the term for the formation of bone.
		The intramembranous bones are always flat bones, but the endochondral bones include the long, short, and irregular bones.
		I think it is easier to understand bone development by starting with intramembranous ossification, and then progressing to endochondral ossification.
	faculty.stcc.edu /AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/bone/bonedev.htm (2125 words)

	Bone Embryology Notes
		Ossification begins around the 6th or 7th week of embryonic life and continues throughout adulthood.
		Since this type of ossification is best observed in a long bone, we will investigate the tibia.
		In the tibia one secondary ossification center develops in the proximal epiphysis soon after birth.
	www.fastol.com /~renkwitz/bone_embryology_notes.htm (1192 words)

	4. Bone formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Intramembranous ossification occurs in some bones of the skull and also the clavicle.
		Endochondral ossification starts as early as the fourth week of fetal development with mesenchyme cells gather in the region of the future bone.
		From this point, there are several distinct stages involved in forming the comlete mature bone that are covered, with the aid of diagrams, in the next section.
	d-mis-web.ana.bris.ac.uk /calnet/bones/page4.htm (185 words)

	Ossification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ossification is the process of bone formation, in which connective tissues, such as cartilage are turned to bone or bone-like tissue.
		Bone was thus an exaptation from the ossified cartilage.
		Intramembranous ossification: formation of bone from mesenchyme, esp. flat bones found in the skull
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ossification (200 words)

	Bio 105 Skeletal System Part 2 Classroom Notes - Prof. Atsma © 2005
		The epiphyseal plate, a strip of embryonic cartilage lined with osteoblasts, remains stuck between the ossification centers, and plays an important role in continued growth throughout childhood.
		This is usually called the growth zone, as cartilage tissue growth pushes the epiphyses outward causing growth of the bone.
		As they did in endochondral ossification after bone collar formation, the older cartilage cells enlarge and start secreting calcium crystals (“spicules”) into the matrix.
	faculty.ucc.edu /biology-atsma/misc/misc2005/105Skeletal2SN.htm (1222 words)

	BoneHisto
		the frontal, parietal, parts of the occipital and temporal bones of the skull and the mandible and maxilla are formed by intramembranous ossification.
		Immature bone is then formed by endochondal ossification of small fragments of cartilage appearing in the connective tissue that develops first in the fracture.
		Therefore, areas of cartilage, areas of intramembranous ossification, and areas of endochondral ossification are encountered simultaneously when repair is taking place.
	www.etsu.edu /cpah/hsci/forsman/BoneHisto.htm (1600 words)

	Bone H-P. Adverse Effects. Fluorinated & Fluoride Pesticides. Fluoride Action Network Pesticide Project.
		The area consisting of the zone of ossification, calcification, hypertrophy, and proliferation is termed the epiphyseal plate.
		At 7.5 mg/kg/day, a significant incidence of delayed ossification of the centra of the thoracic vertebra was observed.
		skeletal ossification, and increased incidence of 13 pairs of ribs.
	www.fluoridealert.org /pesticides/effects.bone.h-p.htm (6027 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 3, d834-837, August 1, 1998] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The most prominent defects observed in intramembranous ossification were hypoplasia of the clavicle and delayed ossification of the cranial bones resulting in opening of the fontanelles.
		The specific defects in intramembranous ossification apparent in Cbfa1+/- mice are reminiscent of a human heritable disease of the skeleton called Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD).
		This disease is an autosomal dominant disorder, and the main symptom of heterozygous patients is defective intramembranous ossification.
	www.bioscience.org /1998/V3/d/karsenty/5.htm (304 words)

	SIU SOM Histology SSB
		The slide illustrates the process of endochondral ossification (in which cartilage is growing outward toward the end of the bone, while bone tissue is following along behind, invading and replacing the cartilage.
		This is the pattern for the thin, flat bones of the skull (hence, "intramembranous").
		The process of endochondral ossification may also be observed at a synarthrosis in the slide labelled "fibrocartilage".
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/ssb/skeleton.htm (4150 words)

	Ocular malformations, postaxial polydactyly, and delayed intramembranous ossification: a new autosomal dominant ...
		Ocular malformations, postaxial polydactyly, and delayed intramembranous ossification: a new autosomal dominant condition
		We present a father and two sons with a constellation of anomalies including microphthalmia and related ocular malformations, delayed intramembranous ossification, and postaxial polydactyly.
		Delayed intramembranous ossification may be clinically under-reported, since it resolves with age and often causes no serious
	jmg.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/38/8/547 (2028 words)

	long bone arise from endochondral ossification or intramembranous ossification? - Student Doctor Network Forums
		I just finished studying this in AandP: Long bones arise from endochondral ossification (where bone replaces cartilage), as do most bones of the body.
		Typically all long bones arise from endochondral and flat-bones are intramembranous.
		bone growth via width (ie increasing diameter) is via intracartiliagenous model; bone growth via length is via endochondral ossification at the ephipyseal plates.
	forums.studentdoctor.net /showthread.php?p=4311805 (282 words)

	FGF signaling pathways in endochondral and intramembranous bone development and human genetic disease -- Ornitz and ...
		of ossification in the perichondrium is aligned with the center
		of ossification at the chondro-osseous junction of the growth
		Fgfr1 expression is present as chondrocytes hypertrophy (red), and Fgfr2 expression is prominent in osteoblasts in the ossification center (purple).
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/16/12/1446 (6059 words)

	[No title]
		What type of cell is the precursor to osteoblasts involved in intramembranous bone formation?
		Is intramembranous bone considered “lamellar bone?” If not, what term does apply to the organization of the extracellular matrix?
		Is this bone formed by intramembranous or endochondral ossification?
	webs.wofford.edu /davisgr/histology/bone5epart2.doc (639 words)

	Connexin43 Deficiency Causes Delayed Ossification, Craniofacial Abnormalities, and Osteoblast Dysfunction -- Lecanda et ...
		ossification were visible in the pedicles and laminae of the
		(b and c) Note the delayed ossification of the vertebrae and ribs and the thinner and deformed ribs in the mutant animals.
		Note, the delayed mineralization of the scapula and the long limb bones (humerus, radius, and cubitus) in the mutant embryos at (a) E14.5 compared with (c and d) normal birth.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/151/4/931 (6690 words)

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