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Topic: Intramuscular Stimulation

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	TRIOLO et al. Selectivity of intramuscular electrodes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Stimulation can be delivered to the nerve via different electrode technologies that are usually classified according to the location of their stimulating surfaces.
		The purpose of this study was to investigate the selectivity of intramuscular electrodes in the major muscles of the lower limb and characterize the most common patterns of spillover produced by intramuscular stimulation.
		Intramuscular electrodes placed at the lumbar spinal roots to activate iliopsoas are proximal to the lumbosacral plexus, accounting for both the high rates (67 percent) and types of spillover patterns observed.
	www.vard.org /jour/01/38/5/liu385.htm (7256 words)

	American Pain Society Annual Meeting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Intramuscular Stimulation (IMS) is a special application of ""dry needling"" which purposely seeks out and stimulates tender and tight muscle bands resulting from myofascial pain.
		Stimulator clips are attached and intensity (at 20Hz) is adjusted to the patientsensory level.
		Stimulation polarity is reversed every 5 minutes for the duration of the session (20 minutes) while adjusting the intensity to retain the sensation of stimulation.
	www.ampainsoc.org /abstract/1999/data/191 (291 words)

	A Discussion of the Madison Protocols for Medium Frequency Stimulation - Introduction \| Joseph Ventura Jr., DC
		Modern electrical stimulation is used in many different applications: stimulation of paralyzed and normal muscles; cardiac pacing; restoration of bladder function; pain control; and urinary incontinence, just a few of the varied uses of controlled electrical stimulation of smooth and striated muscles.
		To stimulate the maximum possible number of muscle fibers, it is necessary to use an electrical signal with a frequency close to this range.
		After 15 years of designing and manufacturing various types of electrical stimulators, it is the opinion of the author that the vast majority of stimulators available are simply copies of previous successful devices that copy the features of other successful designs.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/12/19/18.html (1336 words)

	Electrical Stimulation Aids Dysphagia
		Neuromuscular stimulation is used in rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury to control hand movements and bladder function, and is now being developed for sleep apnea and dysphagia (Grill et al., 2001).
		The goal of this study is to determine the feasibility of using extrinsic laryngeal muscle stimulation to elevate the larynx in a manner that occurs during normal swallowing in patients with chronic dysphagia.
		When intramuscular stimulation for mylohyoid, thyrohyoid, and geniohyoid muscle regions was used in normal volunteers, it was found that muscles stimulated in pairs resulted in approximately 50% of the elevation and approximately 80% of the velocity produced during a swallow (Burnett et al., 2003).
	www.asha.org /about/publications/leader-online/archives/2004/040316/040316c.htm (951 words)

	IV. Functional Electrical Stimulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Stimulation of scapular stabilizers did not result in joint reduction independently and did not improve joint reduction when stimulated in combination with other muscles but was nevertheless felt to be important for treatment of subluxation.
		Stimulation is adjusted to overcome gravity, and can be controlled either by an accelerometer mounted on the upper arm, user-initiated stimulation with a switch on the wheelchair, or constant triceps stimulation whenever the neuroprosthesis is active.
		Stimulation is delivered via six epimysial electrodes on the knee and hip extensor muscles (bilateral vastus lateralis, gluteus maximus, and semimembranosus, respectively) and two surgically implanted intramuscular electrodes at the L1/L2 spinal roots for trunk extension.
	www.vard.org /prog/99/99prch04.htm (14414 words)

	Intramuscular stimulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Intramuscular stimulation, often mistakenly described as acupuncture is based on scientific neurophysiological principles and is particularly effective in treating neuropathic pain.
		Intramuscular stimulation will release the shortened muscles which are pressing on and irritating nerves.
		The effects of intramuscular stimulation are cumulative as needling stimulates the healing until the condition is healed and the pain resolves.
	www.angliaphysio.co.uk /IMS.htm (513 words)

	Biofeedback and electrostimulation for stroke recovery: Scientific articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Electrical stimulation in early stroke rehabilitation of the upper limb with inattention.
		Percutaneous, intramuscular neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the treatment of shoulder subluxation and pain in chronic hemiplegia: a case report.
		The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the use of neuromuscular stimulation (NMS)-induced contraction of the paralyzed muscles to produce an active muscle pump for removing excess fluid and compare its effect with elevation of the upper extremity.
	www.curamove.com /scientific2.html (1898 words)

	Cerebral Processing of Acute Skin and Muscle Pain in Humans -- Svensson et al. 78 (1): 450 -- Journal of Neurophysiology
		in rCBF for thalamus and MI/SI for cutaneous stimulation, and
		at innocuous intensities the intramuscular stimuli caused a faint
		Significant increases in rCBF to noxious cutaneous stimulation
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/78/1/450 (6121 words)

	MedicalPost.com: Vancouver MD develops acupuncture therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Chan Gunn could easily be taken for a missionary when he talks about intramuscular stimulation, an enhanced acupuncture technique he developed to treat pain.
		Dr. Gunn said intramuscular stimulation is a comprehensive system of diagnosis and treatment using objective, clinical signs to dictate step-by-step treatment of neuropathic nerves in shortened muscle.
		This is achieved by stimulating the muscles using a very thin acupuncture needle.
	www.medicalpost.com /mpcontent/article.jsp?content=/content/EXTRACT/RAWART/3829/76A.html (903 words)

	Pacing of interstitial cells of Cajal in the murine gastric antrum: neurally mediated and direct stimulation -- Beckett ...
		Several stimulation parameters were utilized ranging from a single pulse (0.1 ms in duration) to a series of three pulses (each 0.1 ms) delivered at frequencies of 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 Hz.
		Hence, it is unlikely that short stimulation pulses with durations in the order of 0.1 ms would be sufficient to regulate slow wave frequency in patients with certain gastropathies.
		Involvement of intramuscular interstitial cells in nitrergic inhibition in the mouse gastric antrum.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/553/2/545 (7575 words)

	Intramuscular Stimulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intramuscular Stimulation (IMS) involves the insertion of acupuncture-like needles into muscles in order to release shortened or tightened muscles.
		Intramuscular Stimulation is often used in conjunction with physiotherapy for treatment of chronic pain.
		It's developed by Dr. Chan Gunn of Vancouver, Canada based on traditional acupuncture techniques.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intramuscular_Stimulation (81 words)

	Integra Acupuncture Associates
		PENS (Percutaneous Electro Nerve Stimulation) involves sequential or simultaneous EA using low, mid-range, and high frequencies for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. The rationale for multiple frequencies is that the various groups of neurotransmitters involved in anti-nociceptive activity are mobilized for central and peripheral release by different frequency ranges.
		Acupuncture Osteopathy is a termed coined by Dr. Mark Seem. It involves a physical stimulation achieved by inserting needles into muscles and connective tissue in order to free up the normal flow of blood, energy, and nutrients by releasing myofascial and musculoskeletal constrictions. It utilizes the neuromuscular techniques of Drs.
		Intramuscular Stimulation is a technique for pain management developed by C. Chan Gunn, MD with the view that pain is a manifestation or epiphenomena of nerve root pathology.
	www.integra.homestead.com /turpen.html (788 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Randomized controlled clinical trials using surface electrical stimulation have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the shoulder muscles is effective in managing post-stroke subluxation.
		Percutaneous intramuscular stimulation was recently developed in the United States and is available (in Europe) as the StIM System.
		After administration of a local anaesthetic, intramuscular electrodes with percutaneous leads were implanted in the posterior deltoid-, middle deltoid-, supraspinatus- and upper trapezius muscle, using a 19-G hypodermic needle.
	www.revalidatiegeneeskunde.nl /Onderzoek/stimsyst.htm (656 words)

	University of Pennsylvania Health System: News and Periodicals: Penn Physician Develops Automated Nerve/Muscle ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Jennifer Chu, M.D., associate professor and director of the Electrodiagnosis Laboratory of the Rehabilitation Medicine Department, has developed a technique to treat nerve-related localized and widespread pain from injury or aging with the use of a battery-powered, automated device that directly treats the irritated nerve roots and spasmed muscles that maintain painful conditions.
		ATOIMS is the automated version of twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation (TOIMS) -- clinically proven to provide pain relief for soft-tissue pain that originates in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and areas surrounding bones.
		With her pioneering technique, Chu inserts fine Teflon® pins deep into the muscle and motor end-plate zones (the nerves that stimulate muscles to contract and produce movement) where irritated nerve fibers and shortened muscle fibers that cause pain are found.
	www.uphs.upenn.edu /news/News_Releases/feb98/nerve.shtml (538 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		These large force twitches indicate presence of super-sensitivity to mechanical or electrical stimulation of the nerve tissues at that area since the stimulus strength is kept constant at all stimulated points.
		The stimulation is more selective and specific than with surface electrical stimulation that causes non-specific, non-selective stimulation of groups of muscle fibers that are in the superficial layers of the muscle.
		The stimulation is more selective and specific than with massage therapy which can cause non-specific, non-selective stimulation of groups of muscle fibers that are in the superficial layers of the muscle.
	www.painfree-international.org /ATOIMS_FAQ1.htm (3972 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		http://www.painfree-international.org [ETOIMS] is Electrical Twitch-Obtaining Intramuscular Stimulation which is an automated version of deep tissue electrical http://www.painfree-international.org [medical acupuncture].
		Unlike the theories of http://www.painfree-international.org [medical acupuncture] where many needles are used to balance excess and deficient energies, TOIMS places only a single needle electrode into the muscle to stimulate nerve muscle meeting points for second at each point, one at a time.
		This causes the muscle to http://www.painfree-international.org [twitch] focally, exercising the stimulated area.
	www.treadmill-for-fitness.com /treadmill2/newsletters/issue9.html (822 words)

	Control Of Limb Motor Function By Intraspinal Microstimulation
		Ipsilateral stimulation in the dorsal aspect of the cord evoked convergent flexion FFs, but extension FFs evoked by ipsilateral stimulation were not convergent.
		Conversely, contralateral stimulation in the dorsal aspect of the cord evoked convergent FFs, but flexion FFs evoked by contralateral stimulation were not convergent.
		FFs evoked by stimulation of motorneurons in the ventral spinal cord or by intramuscular stimulation of individual muscles were not convergent.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /ncmrr/symposium/posters/grill_lemay_abstract.htm (364 words)

	DALY et al. Intramuscular electrode performance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A 26-gauge needle connected to a stimulator was used in an iterative procedure to locate the motor point of a paretic or paralyzed muscle.
		To test the force elicited by muscle stimulation, we fixed the stimulus amplitude at 20 mA and the frequency at either 4 Hz (exclusively for probing) or 20 Hz (for probing and final testing).
		The implantation technique and electrode were evaluated according to a number of measures: (1) time to implant electrode; (2) reliability of electrode position maintenance during implantation, according to longitudinal measures of electrode performance during the implantation session; and (3) time to explant electrodes.
	www.vard.org /jour/01/38/5/daly385.htm (6388 words)

	Intramuscular Stimulation
		Intramuscular stimulation (IMS) is an effective treatment for chronic pain of neuropathic origin (see below).
		IMS was developed by Dr.Chan Gunn while he was a clinic physician at the Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia.
		The effects of IMS are cumulative- needling stimulates a certain amount of healing, until eventually, the condition is healed and the pain disappears.
	www.intramuscularstimulation.com /2.htm (717 words)

	Medical Acupuncture Online Journal, Volume 12 #1, chronic pain
		Foci of neurological hyperactivity are very active autonomically (sympathetic hyperactivity), and sometimes, stimulation of those areas, even during examination, may trigger pain with concomitant autonomic phenomena such as hypotensive reaction, nausea, malaise, dizziness, or cold sweat.
		The recommended stimulation time for this technique is from 2 to 3 minutes to 10 to 15 minutes maximum.
		As in classic acupuncture points, tender points seem to be effective stimulation sites located in different tissues of the musculoskeletal system.6 The 2-needle technique demonstrates how needling these effective stimulation sites can produce a significant change in cases of chronic musculoskeletal pain.
	www.medicalacupuncture.org /aama_marf/journal/vol12_1/needle.html (1604 words)

	New treatment (ETOIMS) for Relief of Muscle Pain and Discomfort
		ETOIMS is Electrical Twitch-Obtaining Intramuscular Stimulation which is an automated version of deep tissue electrical medical acupuncture.
		ETOIMS is an automated form of electrical muscle stimulation from within the depths of the muscle.
		Unlike the theories of medical acupuncture where many needles are used to balance excess and deficient energies, TOIMS places only a single needle electrode into the muscle to stimulate nerve muscle meeting points for ½ second at each point, one at a time.
	www.emediawire.com /releases/2004/9/prweb154552.htm (864 words)

	Clinical Trials of E-Stim Underway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In The ASHA Leader article "Electrical Stimulation Aids Dysphagia" (March 16), the study by Burnett et al.
		In that particular study, the mean stimulated laryngeal elevation was half the distance and 80% of the velocity achieved during a normal swallow of 5 ml liquid.
		There are several reports in the literature of the use of various forms of electrical stimulation in dysphagic patients (see references online).
	www.asha.org /about/publications/leader-online/letters/ltr040427b.htm (184 words)

	Trigger Point Therapy
		The therapeutic effect of dry needle stimulation relies on mechanical disruption or direct stimulation of trigger points.
		Dry needle stimulation and trigger point injections with any substance (eg, saline or glucose) other than local anesthetic with or without steroid are considered investigational.
		Due to insufficient evidence to permit conclusions concerning the effect of dry needle stimulation and injection of any other substance(s) on the health outcomes of patients with myofascial pain syndrome.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/medicine/med39a.html (797 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The original manual technique of intramuscular stimulation (IMS) was first described by C.C. Gunn, M.
		She then went on to show that neuropathic discomfort/pain results from multiple spinal nerve roots that are reacting to underlying degenerative or traumatic conditions of the spine.
		The automated method for mechanically stimulating the nerve muscle meeting points called the ATOIMS method and the electrical method called the ETOIMS method are available exclusively at Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania since 1998.
	www.painfree-international.org /Background1.htm (466 words)

	ACUPUNCTURE - A BRIEF OVERVIEW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It is often used to refer to the use of electricity as a form of stimulation (at acupuncture and other points); either in conjunction with, or separate from, the use of needles.
		Electrical stimulation of points in conjunction with needles was first developed in the West.
		This form of stimulation was even adopted as early as 1835 by "the famous physiologist Francois Magendie, professor of medicine at the College de France and teacher of Claude Bernard.
	www.promedlaw.com /acu.htm (1810 words)

	Distribution of Motor Unit Force in Human Extensor Digitorum Assessed By Spike-Triggered Averaging and Intraneural ...
		Brief sample of force and intramuscular EMG data taken from a 3-min record (A) and example spike-triggered average forces (B).
		Directly above the force records is the intramuscular EMG trace recorded with a tungsten microelectrode, depicting the discharge of a single unit.
		Above the force recordings are the intramuscular EMG recordings from the D2-D5 compartments of ED.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/91/6/2515 (6501 words)

	TheDenverChannel.com - Health - Clinic Offers Alternative Way To Treat Pain
		At the Centeno Clinic in Westminster doctors evaluate your nerves and muscles to find out what may be causing the pain and then they use a treatment called intramuscular stimulation or IMS.
		During the treatment, a tiny needle goes into the muscle and releases the knot but it is not acupuncture.
		The needle stimulates injured muscles, which have contracted and become shortened from distress.
	www.thedenverchannel.com /health/2316087/detail.html (299 words)

	Cleveland FES Center Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		EMG triggered neuromuscular stimulation for improving the arm function of acute stroke survivors: a randomized pilot study, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 79:570-575, 1998.
		Functional neuromuscular stimulation for combined control of elbow extension and hand grasp in C5 and C6 quadriplegics, IEEE Trans.
		The function of the finger intrinsic muscles in response to electrical stimulation, IEEE Trans Rehab Eng, 7 (1): 19-26, March 1999.
	feswww.fes.cwru.edu /publish/jrnl.php (1645 words)

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