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Topic: Intransitivity

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	Intransitivity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intransitivity is a scenario in which weighing several options produces a "loop" of preference.
		Intransitivity can occur in analysis of probabalistic outcomes in game theory and in the Condorcet voting method in which ranking several candidates can produce a loop of preference when the weights are compared.
		In such cases intransitivity reduces to a broader equation of numbers of people and the weights of their units of measure in assessing candidates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intransitivity (265 words)

	Intransitivity -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Generally, a (Click link for more info and facts about binary relation) binary relation is transitive if "A is related to B" and "B is related to C" necessitates "A is related to C".
		For instance, voters may prefer candidates on several different (Click link for more info and facts about units of measure) units of measure such as by order of social consciousness or by order of most fiscally conservative.
		In such cases intransitivity reduces to a broader equation of numbers of people and the weights of their (Click link for more info and facts about units of measure) units of measure in assessing candidates.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/in/intransitivity.htm (232 words)

	A:\PoeINTRA.txt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The intransitive notion takes the opposite viewpoint and underlines the, as it were, autocreative character of artworks; in other words, this latter poetics represents the phenomenon of an artwork creating itself 3.
		Intransitive verbs such as 'takamaru' (rise), 'shizumu' (sink), 'somaru' (dye), 'kuzureru' (collapse), 'yogoreru' (become dirty) express the change itself in the object, and the corresponding 'takameru' (raise), 'shizumeru' (sink), 'someru' (dye), 'kuzusu' (demolish), 'yogosu' (make dirty) express the change as well as the action.
		That is the quintessence of the poetics of 'dekiru', and the philosophical sense of the poetics of intransitivity, exemplified in Zeami.
	www2.ntu.ac.uk /ntsad/research/iaa/iaa3/Poetics.htm (6833 words)

	Bert Plat > Rhetoric and Hypertext > Intransitivy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Intransitivity is a term out of the science of logic.
		An intransitive statement is one which does not necessarily hold true in both directions.
		For example: “All golf players are rich” and “All the rich are golf players” are intransitive statements: you can claim the first to be true and yet not accept the second statement.
	bertplat.fastmail.fm /intransitivity.html (64 words)

	Intransitivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Intransitivity es un panorama en el cual pesar varias opciones produce un "lazo" de la preferencia.
		Intransitivity puede ocurrir en el análisis de resultados probabalistic en teoría de juego y en el método de votación de Condorcet en qué graduación pueden producir varios candidatos un lazo de la preferencia cuando se comparan los pesos.
		En tales casos el intransitivity reduce a una ecuación más amplia de números la gente y los pesos de sus unidades de la medida en la determinación de candidatos.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/in/Intransitivity.htm (311 words)

	Intransitivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This can occur in analysis of probabalistic outcomes in game theory and inthe Condorcet voting method in which ranking several candidates canproduce a loop of preference when the weights are compared.
		It has been sugested that Condorcet voting tends to eliminate "intransitive loops" when large numbers of voters participatebecause the overall assessment criteria for voters balances out.
		For instance, voters may prefer candidates on several different units of measure such as by order of social consciousness or byorder of most fiscally conservative.
	www.therfcc.org /intransitivity-206868.html (197 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Given intransitivity, the chosen outcome may actually be one, which is less preferred than at least one other alternative, and given a full cycle it may be less preferred than all other alternatives but one.
		The empirical occurrence of intransitivity The important question must, of course, be to what extent intransitivity is an actual problem of relevance to the real world and not just the result of a purely theoretical exercise.
		Conclusion The obvious conclusion on the basis of this comprehensive analysis of the preferences of large numbers of Danish voters would seem to be that intransitivity and non-robustness are quite rare phenomena; there is, in the data considered, in general a striking transitivity of preferences and a considerable robustness of the choices.
	www.sam.sdu.dk /~pkk/papers/SCValgRes.doc (7869 words)

	CoEC-Wiki: Intransitivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the context of a coevolution problem, the evaluation of individuals leads to a relation among them which may be intransitive.
		Intransitivity is traditionally thought to pose a difficult problem to coevolution methods.
		It has been found experimentally that overspecialization poses a more challenging problem than intransitivity [1], and that intransitive problems can be addressed when a reliable coevolution method is used [2].
	www2.demo.cs.brandeis.edu /cgi-bin/coec-wiki?Intransitivity (169 words)

	Anishinaabemowin Grammar
		In sentence 2, however, the verb seems rather intransitive, because there is no mention of an object, and the verb cook is being considered as an activity to be contrasted with goofing off: what matters here isn't what is cooked, but that the chef has been cooking rather than goofing off.
		In a sense, this is an intransitive verb which derives from a transitive idea, in which the agent/subject is completely de-emphasized.
		An intransitive verb that has an animate subject is called an animate intransitive verb, abbreviated vai; an intransitive verb that requires an inanimate subject is called an inanimate intransitive verb, abbreviated vii.
	imp.lss.wisc.edu /~jrvalent/ais301/Grammar/InflMorphology/verbTransitivity.html (1059 words)

	gradience.html
		Since most of the diagnostics of unaccusativity/unergativity (such as auxiliary selection in French, impersonal passives in Dutch, resultative constructions in English, etc.) tend to identify semantically coherent subsets of verbs, the challenge for a theory of unaccusativity is to single out the syntactically relevant components of meaning in different languages.
		In addition, they show that the acceptability of impersonal passives (a construction traditionally regarded as a diagnostic of unergativity) is also affected by semantic factors, particularly 'internal control', which cut across the unaccusative-unergative distinction.
		A recent study by Cennamo (1995) suggests that the development of reflexives se/sibi in Late Latin as markers of split intransitivity followed a path largely consistent with the unaccusative/unergative hierarchies.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /~antonell/gradience.html (1099 words)

	Rasmusen Weblog: Intransitivity Experiments and Irrationality: Bradbury and Ross
		Hinton Bradbury and Karen Ross showed square patches of red, blue, and blue to 500 people of various ages in various combinations and sequences and asked them to choose their favorites.
		This was to test for "intransitive preferences"-- fo whether, for example, someone would say they preferred red to blue, blue to red, and then blue to blue, so blue is better than blue which is better than red which is better than blue.
		The result was that 83% of four-year-olds made intransitive choices, 78% of 7- year-olds, 52% of 10-year-olds, 37% of 11-year-olds, and 13% of adults.
	www.rasmusen.org /x/archives/000098.html.static (359 words)

	EconPapers: Testing the Intransitivity Explanation of the Allais Paradox
		We framed the experiment so that intransitive preferences could explain violating behavior when alternatives are independent, but not when they are correlated.
		This is evidence against intransitivity as an explanation of the Allais Paradox.
		The question whether violations of expected utility are mainly due to intransitivity or to violation of independence is important since it is exactly on this issue the main new decision theories differ.
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/kudkuieci/1998-18.htm (311 words)

	EconLog, Social Security and Intransitivity, Arnold Kling: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Bryan's post on the doubtful empirical usefulness of social intransitivity is probably right.
		As spencer points out, it is possible for intransitivity to exist within groups, if two individuals who both claim to be Dems have differing opinions on the valuation of SS choices.
		Why be concerned with intransitivity among the three groups as a whole?
	econlog.econlib.org /archives/2005/03/social_security_27.html (1244 words)

	Intransitivity Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Looking For intransitivity - Find intransitivity and more at Lycos Search.
		Find intransitivity - Your relevant result is a click away!
		Look for intransitivity - Find intransitivity at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Intransitivity (404 words)

	Language TOC Vol.72 No.2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Split Intransitivity in Japanese and the Unaccusative Hypothesis; Hideki Kishimoto
		Split intransitivity in Japanese and the unaccusative hypothesis
		It's been a locus of debate in the literature whether the so-called unergative-unaccusative split among intransitive verbs is syntactically or semantically based.
	www.lsadc.org /language/722.html (983 words)

	Citations: Intransitivity of preference - Tversky (ResearchIndex)
		As soon as it is supposed that subjects may use an ordinal strategy for comparing objects, examples inspired from the....
		Indeed it is possible to observe predictable intransitivities of strict preference in carefully controlled experiments
		Now, when it comes to decision analysis, intransitive preferences are often dismissed on two grounds: on a practical level, it is not easy to build a recommendation on the basis of a binary relation in which would not be....
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/543379/0 (1259 words)

	EconPapers: The Unimportance of the Intransitivity of Separable Preferences
		Abstract: If preferences are strongly separable in the pointwise partition of goods, then demand functions implied by an intransitive preference ordering can also be generated by a transitive (and strongly separable) ordering.
		Thus, if strong separability is appropriate, intransitivity is not empirically detectable from demand behavior.
		Two applications are discussed-the "expected-regret" model of choice under uncertainty and the robustness of turnpike propositions of capital theory.
	netec.wustl.edu /WoPEc/data/Articles/ieriecrevv:28:y:1987:i:2:p:315-22.html (219 words)

	U.S. Pregrant 20050088978 - Method and apparatus for deriving allowable paths through a network with intransitivity ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A method of computing allowable routes through a data network that includes a subnetwork that introduces a subnet intransitivity constraint on allowable paths through the network involves using an abstracted network map to construct a directed graph that compensates for the subset intransitivity constraint by removing all unallowable paths.
		The directed graph represents the same network, and is constructed by representing bi-directional links between the subnetwork elements with two directed edges, and representing the subnetwork elements as paired ingress and egress nodes.
		A method for constructing the directed graph representing an abstracted map of a network that exhibits subset intransitivity is also described.
	cxp.paterra.com /uspregrant20050088978.html (179 words)

	NBL Conference: The Role of the Anterior Left Hemisphere in Real-Time Sentence Comprehension: Evidence from Split ...
		The Role of the Anterior Left Hemisphere in Real-Time Sentence Comprehension: Evidence from Split Intransitivity
		We investigate the hypothesis that the Broca's aphasia comprehension pattern - associated with damage to the left anterior cortex - is caused by a processing impairment that slows down the formation of syntactic structure (Piñango, 1999b).
		To this end, we examine the phenomenon known as split intransitivity (Levin and Rappaport-Hovav, 1995).
	www.let.rug.nl /nbl/program/62.html (633 words)

	Intransitivity in Coevolution (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Abstract: We review and investigate the current status of intransitivity as a potential obstacle in coevolution.
		Pareto-Coevolution avoids intransitivity by translating any standard superiority relation into a transitive Pareto-dominance relation.
		The use of such algorithms avoids cycling, whether caused by intransitivity or not.
	sherry.ifi.unizh.ch /702513.html (402 words)

	Prof
		With multi-peaked preferences, the analysis of elections becomes far more complicated because electoral outcomes may cease to be transitive.
		Transitivity seems like a trivial assumption for individual choice, and for the most part it is. (Though there are many experiments that "trick" people into making intransitive choices).
		If someone has intransitive preferences, it is unclear what they would choose. You could also become a "money pump."
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/e849/pf4.htm (995 words)

	Competitive Intransitivity and Size-Frequency Distributions of Interacting Populations -- Buss 77 (9): 5355 -- ...
		Competitive Intransitivity and Size-Frequency Distributions of Interacting Populations
		The competitive ranking of three marine sessile organisms was determined from overgrowth observations and found to be intransitive.
		Overgrowth results were dependent upon relative vertical relief which, in turn, was related to colony area.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/77/9/5355 (141 words)

	Publications
		Bucci, A. and Pollack, J.B. Focusing versus Intransitivity: Geometrical Aspects of Co-evolution.
		As an application of the framework we show, in the special case of two-player games, that Pareto dominance is closely related to intransitivities in the game.
		In this paper we wish to elucidate some of the issues and concepts in an abstract domain where the dynamics of coevolution can be studied simply and directly.
	www.demo.cs.brandeis.edu /papers/long.html (15888 words)

	RuCCS Lunchtime Lecture Series: Larry Temkin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Many believe that "all things considered better than" must be a transitive relation.
		In this talk, I shall present several arguments that threaten the axiom of transitivity, including one based on the pain spectrum.
		If time permits, I will argue that my counterexamples to transitivity cannot be dismissed as a Sorites Paradox, and that they are more troubling than other examples of intransitivity often discussed by psychologists, economists, and game theorists.
	ruccs.rutgers.edu /talks/speaker/RuccsThursTalkNov012001Temkin.html (164 words)

	Citebase - Intransitivity and Vagueness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Authors: Halpern, Joseph Y. There are many examples in the literature that suggest that indistinguishability is intransitive, despite the fact that the indistinguishability relation is typically taken to be an equivalence relation (and thus transitive).
		It is shown that if the uncertainty perception and the question of when an agent reports that two things are indistinguishable are both carefully modeled, the problems disappear, and indistinguishability can indeed be taken to be an equivalence relation.
		We study a simple example of a sequential game illustrating problems connected with making rational decisions that are universal for social sciences.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai%3AarXiv%2Eorg%3Acs%2F0410049 (760 words)

	intransitivity - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "intransitivity" is defined.
		intransitivity : Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, 10th Edition [home, info]
		intransitivity : WordNet 1.7 Vocabulary Helper [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=intransitivity&ls=a (86 words)

	IngentaConnect Intransitivity and Future Generations: Debunking Parfits Mere Add... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Indeed, the apparently intransitivity of Singer's solution contributed to Temkin's argument that the notion of “all things considered better than” may be intransitive.
		However, the heart of the mere addition paradox remains: the time-extended view still yields intransitive judgments.
		I discuss a general theory for dealing with intransitivity (Transitivity by Transformation) that was inspired by Temkin's sports analogy, and demonstrate that such a solution is more palatable than Temkin suspected.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bpl/japp/2003/00000020/00000002/art00005 (292 words)

	Geraldine Legendre \| JHU Cognitive Science Department
		Legendre, G. & Rood, D. On the Interaction of Grammar Components in Lakhóta: Evidence from Split Intransitivity.
		Legendre, G. Split Intransitivity: A Reply to Van Valin (1990).
		Technical Report ICS TR 92 3/Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado at Boulder.
	www.cog.jhu.edu /faculty/legendre (2925 words)

	Find in a Library: Derived intransitivity, a contrastive analysis of certain reflexive verbs in German, Russian and ...
		Find in a Library: Derived intransitivity, a contrastive analysis of certain reflexive verbs in German, Russian and English
		Derived intransitivity, a contrastive analysis of certain reflexive verbs in German, Russian and English
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/2d64db3f886ff031.html (61 words)

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