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Topic: Intraosseous infusion

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	Intraosseous Infusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The technique of intraosseous infusion was first described in humans in 1934 and it became increasingly popular in the 1940s.
		However, intraosseous infusion is one of the quickest ways to establish access for the rapid infusion of fluids, drugs and blood products in emergency situations as well as for resuscitation.
		Placement of an intraosseous needle is indicated when vascular access is needed in life-threatening situations in babies, infants and children under the age of six years.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u12/u1210_01.htm (1040 words)

	CJEM \| JCMU 2000; 2(1) :: Pediatrics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Patients who underwent intraosseous line placement attempts during resuscitation in the Alberta Children's Hospital ED between Oct. 1, 1989, and Sept. 30, 1995, were eligible for inclusion.
		Intraosseous access is touted as a rapid, easy, safe, and potentially lifesaving procedure.10-12 However, given the infrequency of pediatric resuscitation, it is not surprising that experience with this technique is limited.
		Comparison of intraosseous, central and peripheral routes of sodium bicarbonate administration during CPR in pigs.
	www.caep.ca /004.cjem-jcmu/004-00.cjem/vol-2.2000/v21-011.htm (2179 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		Intraosseous cannulation provides a safe and reliable method for rapidly achieving a route for administration of drugs, fluids and blood products into a non collapsible marrow venous plexus, particularly in those six years old or younger.
		Stabilize the intraosseous needle by moving the wire holding screw to the skin level and tightening the screw.
		Intraosseous route is alternate route in emergent situation.
	www.indianpediatrics.net /april2001/april-378-380.htm (648 words)

	Politzer Meeting Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Intraosseous infusions of medicine have been widely used in medical practice.
		Intraosseous infusion treatment of Bell’s Palsy has shown wonderful results in the extremely severe forms of this disease, both on early and late stages, when the electrical response of the facial nerve and muscles was absent.
		Intraosseous infusion therapy can be widely used in patients with severe forms of Bell’s Palsy.
	www.ato.org.tr /home/ozgirgin/Program/Tuesday/Belek3/Kubatchenko.htm (296 words)

	Intraosseous infusion in pediatric patients -- Neal and McKinley 94 (1): 63 -- Journal of the American Osteopathic ...
		Intraosseous infusion in pediatric patients -- Neal and McKinley 94 (1): 63 -- Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
		The intraosseous infusion technique uses the medullary cavity in the tibia as a "noncollapsible vein" for parenteral infusion.
		It is indicated in a child in shock or cardiac arrest when two attempts to access peripheral vasculature have failed or when more than 2 minutes have elapsed in the attempt to gain access.
	www.jaoa.org /cgi/content/abstract/94/1/63 (206 words)

	Homeostasis Correction in Burns Complicated by Blood Loss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The therapeutic effect was noted to rise in intraosseous infusion of antihypoxants.
		Maximal antihypoxic effects of SOB was registered by 3 h after infusion, and that of dimephosphonium by the 6th h; the ABD normalizing effect of antihypoxants persisted for 24h.
		Intraosseous infusive therapy of combined injury in the presence of SOB helped to provide 100% survival rate within 24h; with dimephosphonium, the rate was 50%; mexidol (e) prolonged the life span to 72h.
	pdm.medicine.wisc.edu /Atyasov.htm (279 words)

	Meningar.com om infusion. infusion, INFUSION, dekokt mm.
		Intraosseous Infusion Issue 12 (2000) Article 10: Page 1 of 1 Intraosseous Infusion The authors are members of the international medical aid organisation Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)...
		Infusion is a duo from Norway consisting of Roar Brattås on keyboards and Tr..
		Shenet - Såpnejlikeinfusion Infusioner Såpnejlikeinfusion Moderväxt Såpnejlika (Saponaria officinalis) INCI-namn Aqua, Saponaria officinalis Engelska namn Infusion of soapwort, infused soapwort, soapwort infusion Förväxlingsrisk • Såpbarksinfusi..
	www.meningar.com /infusion.html (1255 words)

	Vitaid Ltd. - EZ-IO Resource Center, FAQ
		What are the dosages required for intraosseous infusion compared with intravenous dosages?
		Intraosseous dosages using the EZ-IO are the same.
		The documented overall complication rate associated with intraosseous insertion and infusion is less than 1%.
	www.vitaid.com /canada/ez-io/faq.htm (389 words)

	eMedicine - Intraosseous Access : Article by Pegeen Eslami, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Intraosseous access is safer, is associated with fewer complications and time delay, and requires less skill and practice for those who rarely use such techniques when compared to child and infant peripheral intravenous access, central lines, or umbilical lines.
		A current study suggests that IO infusion may be effective even when the bones used do not contain a medullary cavity, such as the calcaneus and radial styloid.
		Dedrick DK, Mase C, Ranger W, Burney RE: The effects of intraosseous infusion on the growth plate in a nestling rabbit model.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic3053.htm (3034 words)

	Urgencias en Pediatría. Vía intraósea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Intraosseous venography of the lower limb and pelvis.
		Intraosseous infusions by prehospital personnel in critically ill pediatric patients.
		Banjerjee S, Singhi S, Singh M. The intraosseous route is a suitable alternative to intravenous route for fluid resuscitation in severely dehydrated children.
	www.spp.org.py /280206.htm (2706 words)

	PCCC99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is used for the infusion of fluids and resuscitation medications in critically ill pediatric patients.
		The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fluid or drug infusion on pulmonary FE, and whether pulmonary arterial blood is a predictor of FE.
		Following infusion, the animals were euthanized and both upper and lower lung sections were obtained from each lung.
	pedsccm.wustl.edu /ORG-MEET/PCCC99/abstracts/so57.htm (391 words)

	eMedicine - Intraosseous Access : Article Excerpt by: Pegeen Eslami, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The problem may be further complicated by the physiologic processes of shock and hypothermia with resulting vascular constriction, which are often present in a resuscitative situation; furthermore, the skill and experience levels of providers in caring for small children vary greatly.
		Intraosseous (IO) access techniques have been used for decades and have been proven to be safe, reliable, and rapid means of providing crystalloids, colloids, medications, and blood products into the systemic circulation.
		IO access was initially thought to be less applicable in populations older than 6 years; however, historical and current data, as well as the 2000 Emergency Cardiac Care guidelines, support the consideration of intraosseous techniques in patients of any age as rapid and equally effective alternatives to intravenous peripheral lines.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/intraosseous-access.htm (377 words)

	Peoria Area EMS Office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		DESCRIPTION: Intraosseous (I/O) infusion is defined as a puncture into the medullary cavity of a bone that provides a route for rapid access of fluids and medication.
		Obtaining emergency intravascular access in critically ill pediatric patients, especially those less than three (3) years old, can be extremely difficult, time consuming and at times impossible when peripheral veins are collapsed and other means are not feasible.
		Intraosseous access is performed on critically ill children (< 3 years) in whom fluid and/or drug treatment is paramount and intravascular access is not rapidly accessible or feasible.
	www.paems.org /pcm/peds/intraosseous_infusion.htm (345 words)

	TRIPP Enhancements
		Intraosseous access allows administration of drugs, fluids, and blood products directly into the bone marrow.
		Intraosseous infusion is indicated in any situation in which immediate vascular access is required and an attempt at peripheral intravenous access has failed or seems unlikely to succeed.
		Monitor the calf or thigh for tension or swelling throughout infusion.
	www.cpem.org /newsletter/archive/v2i2/enhanc.html (345 words)

	Nursing: Act FAST with intraosseous infusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Once the patient is stabilized and vascular access is established, the IO infusion tube is removed.
		As shown, hold the infusion tube at a right angle to the patient's skin, insert the remover into the tube, and slowly turn the T-shaped knob clockwise.
		Dispose of the remover and the infusion needle and tube in an appropriate container and apply a dry, sterile dressing to the wound.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3689/is_200311/ai_n9324427 (679 words)

	ADULT_STERNAL_INTRAOSSEOUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The F.A.S.T. 1 intraosseous infusion system may be utilized on adult patients as an alternate method to achieve vascular access.
		Alternatively, the Infusion Tube may be removed using a minor surgical procedure performed by a qualified health provider.
		The Infusion Tube should be held straight out from the patient; this will ease insertion and prevent the Remover stylet from being pushed through the side of the infusion tubing.
	users.chartertn.net /dmrowe/Wings_Manuals/Medical_Protocols/ADULT_STERNAL_INTRAOSSEOUS.htm (883 words)

	Practical Tips on Intraosseous Fluid Therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bones used for intraosseous infusion should be intact (that is, not fractured), and the skin over the insertion site should be unbroken to avoid contamination of the bone with bacteria - infection is the most common complication of this procedure.
		The rate of delivery of fluids by the intraosseous route is limited to 11ml/min with gravity flow and 24ml/min with 300mmHg pressure.
		Restoration of peripheral pressure by rapid intraosseous fluid replacement enables routine intravenous catheter placement and continued volume fluid therapy.
	www.globalvetproducts.com /smanimals/ptoft.html (800 words)

	Does intraosseous have to mean intramedullary? -- Mccarthy et al. 17 (6): 432 -- Emergency Medicine Journal
		intraosseous pressure is increased by fluid infusion, the pressure
		Discovery of the intraosseous route for fluid administration.
		adult patient in whom the intramedullary infusion was unsuccessful.
	emj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/17/6/432-a (408 words)

	Advanced Life Support (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Lifeform Intraossesous Infusion Simulator is a dramatic and exciting training aid designed to demonstrate and simulate the intraosseous infusion procedure.
		Features for intraosseous infusion practice include; palpable landmarks including the patella, tibia and tibial tuberosity; replaceable bones and skin; and a pressurized system to allow aspiration of fluid.
		The cephalic and basilic veins are accessible on the IV arm, as well as the infusion leg demonstrates and simulates the intraosseous infusion procedure.
	www.frontmed.co.nz /advanced_life_support.asp (1176 words)

	Venous Cutdown and Intraosseous Infusion (page 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		When direct cannulation of a vein cannot be performed or is taking too long, a venous cutdown or intraosseous infusion are alternative methods of access to the circulation.
		The procedure must be performed under sterile conditions to avoid sepsis developing which will not only shorten the life of the infusion but may have serious consequences for the patient.
		After the infusion is finished the cannula can be removed by a firm steady pull followed by direct pressure over the site of the incision for 5 minutes.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u05/u05_004.htm (491 words)

	Early Report on Emergency Sternal Intraosseous Infusion in Adults (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Early Report on Emergency Sternal Intraosseous Infusion in Adults
		Purpose: Intraosseous (IO) infusion into the adult sternum is possible with the F.A.S.T.1™ Intraosseous Infusion System (Pyng Medical Corp., Vancouver British Columbia, Canada).
		Conclusions: These early data indicate that sternal IO infusion using the new F.A.S.T.1 IC System provides rapid, safe, and effective vascular access, and is a useful technique to reduce unacceptable delays in the provision of emergency treatment.
	pdm.medicine.wisc.edu /Susak.htm (366 words)

	Featured Product (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The stainless steel tip of the infusion tube is firmly embedded to a precise depth in the bone allowing fluid to flow into the patient's marrow.
		This protects the infusion tube from stresses on the IV line, which would otherwise loosen or dislodge the infusion tube.
		The Remover is used to disengage the Infusion Tube from the bone when intraosseous access is no longer required.
	www.medicmaster.com /web.html (664 words)

	TIAX Awarded Contracts to Create Innovative Medical Devices for U.S. Army
		The devices, a re-usable intraosseous infusion device and a portable blood pack, will allow battlefield medics to provide a higher level of critical care to soldiers in the field.
		Re-Usable Intraosseous Infusion Device - Intraosseous infusion (an infusion directly into the marrow cavity of the human bone) is a rapid, reliable method used to achieve access to the vascular system and infuse critical resuscitation fluids when a traditional IV cannot be administered.
		Unlike current intraosseous infusion products, TIAX's device will contain multiple needles so it can be used several times, as well as a bone-boring needle, handle/driver, and depth control system.
	www.tiax.biz /aboutus/pdfs/press_releases/medical_sbir_0107-04.html (743 words)

	Pedi Intraosseous Procedure
		IV Infusion Set, with regular (macro) size tubing: this must be flushed and ready to go.
		If not, the needle may clot in the marrow cavity, making infusion impossible.
		It may be necessary to apply slight pressure to the IV bag to encourage flow.
	www.biotel.ws /protocolsHTML/Protocols2004/PediIntraosseousProcedure.asp (326 words)

	Venous Cutdown and Intraosseous Infusion (page 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The infusion is best limited to a few hours until intravenous access is achieved.
		(6) Give boluses of fluid (infusion volume depends on clinical situation) using the 50ml syringe to push the fluid in gently.
		The longer the period of use the greater the risk of sepsis.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u05/u05_005.htm (267 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		When the Introducer is withdrawn the infusion tube remains in the patient at an unknown depth.
		If infusion tube was not placed, abort procedure.
		Force must be applied constantly; do not draw back on Introducer before it releases (the Infusion Tube may remain in the patient without being fully inserted), unless the procedure is being aborted.
	www.mtgraham.org /pol19.htm (1394 words)

	[No title]
		Use of the intraosseous needle is indicated when peripheral venous access is unavailable.
		Standard I.V. tubing is attached and infusion of fluids or drugs is to be done.
		Following the use of the intraosseous infusion procedure, the following items must be documented in the EMS Patient Run Record: a.
	www.gfn.org /emsregb/lapeer/general2/IOINF.DOC (414 words)

	NurseWeek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Theoretically, any site from which bone marrow can be accessed can be used for IO infusion.
		But many of these sites (such as the iliac crest) are considered inappropriate because to access them children must be placed in positions that are not practical for emergency resuscitation or airway management.
		The common sites for IO infusion in order of ease of access are anterior tibia, the distal femur, medial malleous, and the anterior superior iliac spine.
	www.cyberchalk.com /nurse/courses/nurseweek/nw0560/c4/p03.htm (406 words)

	The Ultimate EMS Resource
		The Bone Injection Gun, or B.I.G.â¢, is a spring-loaded catheter allowing rapid cannulation of the intraosseous space in both adult and pediatric patients.
		The technique is a simple one: The B.I.G. is simply placed over the chosen anatomic area and the spring action is triggered, placing a trochar into the intraosseous vasculature.
		Orlowski, J.P., Porembka, D.T., et al, âComparison study of intraosseous, central intravenous and peripheral intravenous infusions of emergency drugs,â AM J Dis Child, Jan 1990;144(1):112-7.
	www.merginet.com /index.cfm?pg=products&fn=BIG (462 words)

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