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Topic: Intravenous fluids

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Intravenous

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Hypovolemia

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Isotonic

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Myocardial infarction

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	Intravenous therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the administration of liquid substances directly into a vein.
		PICC lines are used when intravenous access is required over a prolonged period of time, as in the case of long chemotherapy regimens, extended antibiotic therapy, or total parenteral nutrition.
		The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood (isotonic).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intravenous (2423 words)

	Intravenous Rehydration: Encyclopedia of Children's Health
		Intravenous rehydration is the process by which sterile water solutions containing small amounts of salt or sugar are injected into the body through a tube attached to a needle which is inserted into a vein.
		Intravenous rehydration is used to restore the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body due to illness, surgery, or accident.
		Electrolytes control the fluid balance of the body and are important in muscle contraction, energy generation, and almost all major biochemical reactions in the body.
	health.enotes.com /childrens-health-encyclopedia/intravenous-rehydration (1261 words)

	Method and apparatus for dealing with intravenous fluids - Patent 4838875
		An apparatus is disclosed for intravenous administration of fluid to which fluid may be added according to the process also disclosed, by injecting same, using a syringe, but not a needle, directly into the hollow portion of the apparatus through an opening therein.
		An apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein the fluid receptacle is a standardized female taper luer lock mating connector, and the cap is constructed in the manner of a male mate to this fluid receptacle.
		Fluid (not shown) is then injected from the syringe 18 through the valve device 17 forcing the movable means or ring component 17a (shown in phantom) to move in the direction of the flexible valve disk 17b (not shown in FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4838875.html (2190 words)

	Treatment of Pain and Suffering in the Terminally Ill - Chapter 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Intravenous "lines," as they are frequently referred to, have the added convenience of allowing the administration of many different medications, including antibiotics, narcotics, tranquilizers, sedatives, etc. Thanks to years of observations, studies, and advances in technology, the techniques of supplying intravenous fluids have improved markedly over the years with far fewer complications.
		Death occurring in the absence of fluid therapy frequently involves irregular heart beats, infection, and circulatory collapse as terminal events, all of which tend to be rapid and, ideally, not associated with perceived discomfort by the patient.
		It also means reduced fluid in the stomach and intestines, with resultant reduction in vomiting and diarrhea, and reduction of lung secretions which tend to cause cough, shortness of breath, choking, a sensation of drowning or suffocation, and a need for recurrent suctioning of the back of the throat.
	www.preciouslegacy.com /chap8.html (6923 words)

	Tanya's UK Feline Chronic Renal Failure/fluid_therapy
		IV is a form of fluid therapy whereby a special type of fluid with the correct balance of electrolytes (salts required by the body) is administered to a cat via a drip feeding into a vein (intravenous).
		IV fluids are a type of diuresis, a kind of flushing through of the kidneys, which is designed to correct an acute crisis situation of severe dehydration and any resulting electrolyte imbalances, and to remove toxins from the blood.
		Lactate is important in fluids for CRF cats because lactate is metabolised by the liver where it is converted to bicarbonate, and this aids in the correction of mild acidosis; human patients with renal failure are given solutions containing a buffer such as lactate.
	www.felinecrf.org /fluid_therapy.htm (4385 words)

	I.V. Catheters & Fluids
		I.V. (intravenous) catheters are used extensively in pets that are sick or those pets that are about to be anesthetized.
		This is a close-up view of the proper fluid level in the receptacle and the proper storage of the tip of the IV line.
		If the fluids seem to flow slower than usual it is possible the IV tubing has been kinked or crushed by the stopper, and needs gently squeezing to return it to its normal cylindrical shape.
	www.lbah.com /iv.htm (2429 words)

	Subcutaneous Fluids in Cats - PetPlace.com
		Fluid can be replaced subcutaneously, in the area just under the skin and on top of the underlying muscle.
		In a hospital setting, intravenous fluids through an intravenous catheter is the most common method.
		Fluids are usually given in the area between the shoulder blades.
	www.petplace.com /cats/subcutaneous-fluids-in-cats/page1.aspx (835 words)

	Research Findings Register: summary number 354
		The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the policy of the administration by paramedics of intravenous fluids in the prehospital setting.
		The initiation of intravenous fluid replacement in injured patients at the accident scene is becoming a routine procedure.
		Previous studies have shown that, even though the initiation of intravenous fluids by paramedics seems to be associated with an increased risk of death, this may not be remediable by altering fluids protocols.
	www.refer.nhs.uk /ViewRecord.asp?ID=354 (1044 words)

	Anaesthesia UK : Paediatric Fluids 13/06/05
		Fluids are given for three reasons: resuscitation, maintenance or replacement of ongoing losses.
		Blood or other fluid loss may be difficult to measure and the clinical state should be monitored continuously (heart rate, capillary refill time and blood pressure).
		Hypotonic fluids should be used with care and must not be infused in large volumes or at greater than maintenance rates.
	www.frca.co.uk /article.aspx?articleid=100481 (1203 words)

	TheBostonChannel.com - Health Encyclopedia - Dehydration
		Other tests may be done to determine the specific cause of the dehydration (for example, a blood sugar to check for diabetes).
		It is better to have frequent, small amounts of fluid (using a teaspoon or syringe for an infant or child) rather than trying to force large amounts of fluid at one time.
		Intravenous fluids and hospitalization may be necessary for moderate to severe dehydration.
	www.thebostonchannel.com /encyclopedia/6861328/detail.html (1046 words)

	Search Tuna Report for Intravenous Fluids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice Brenda Faber was the primary author of the review.
		Sometimes intravenous fluids are administered through a tube often called a Hickman catheter surgically inserted in the subclavin or jugular vein in the neck or chest....
		Intravenous fluids are sterile solutions similar to the liquid part of the blood....
	www.searchtuna.com /ftlive2/626.html (1557 words)

	Student BMJ: April 1997
		Intravenous fluids may be classified into crystalloids, colloids, and blood products (box).
		The type of crystalloid given as fluid maintenance needs to be tailored to the need of the patient and has to take into account the daily requirement, insensible losses, and measured losses of fluid and electrolytes.
		Fluid and electrolyte resuscitation need to be undertaken after calculation of the requirements of the patient based on the sum of the daily maintenance requirements and the estimated losses.
	www.studentbmj.com /back_issues/0497/data/0497ed1.htm (2214 words)

	Feline CRF Information Center - Intravenous Fluids
		IV fluids provide immediate hydration and may be administered by your vet for several days at a time.
		IV fluids are stressful for cats but when a CRF patient is in such a critical state, they are the standard treatment to re-hydrate the cat and lower the levels of toxins enough for the caregiver to continue home care with sub-Q fluids.
		After IV fluids have been administered, it may take from several hours to a day or more to restore the blood electrolyte balance that has been upset.
	www.felinecrf.com /managc.htm (176 words)

	Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice
		The side-effects of chronic intravenous nutrition administration on the liver (cholestasis) are well known (Brown 1986); however, the short term effect on the rate of bilirubin conjugation in the first few days of life is unclear.
		The fluid regimen to which an infant had been allocated was required to have been instituted prior to 72 hours of age and continued for at least 72 hours.
		Intravenous nutrition is commonly used in newborn infants who cannot be enterally fed, and is often commenced within the first few days of life at a time when unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia is almost invariably present.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /cochrane/Faber/FABER.HTM (1767 words)

	Section 335-017 Intravenous fluids, administration requ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		One of the selected acts which may be performed by persons licensed under the provisions of this chapter as licensed practical nurses is the administration of intravenous fluid treatment.
		The administration of intravenous fluid treatment may be performed only by licensed practical nurses who have been instructed and trained in such procedures in a course of instruction approved by the board.
		The board shall have the authority to adopt and revise rules and regulations which limit and define the scope of intravenous fluid treatment which may be performed by licensed practical nurses.
	www.moga.mo.gov /statutes/C300-399/3350000017.HTM (150 words)

	Treatments: Intravenous fluids - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Count: Intravenous fluids is listed as a: treatment for 23 conditions; alternative treatment for 23 conditions; preventive treatment for 0 conditions; research treatment for 0 conditions.
		Intravenous fluids is a type of: Fluids (69)
		Intravenous fluids as a treatment: The following list of conditions have 'Intravenous fluids' or similar listed as a treatment in our database:
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /treat/intravenous_fluids.htm (154 words)

	Feline CRF Information Center - Subcutaneous Fluid Therapy
		While sub-Q fluids have extended the lives of countless CRF cats, cats with heart conditions can be put in extreme danger through the administration of sub-Q fluids.
		Most vet's offices will give the fluids on a regular basis, but the cost will be quite a bit more than doing it yourself and the cat may be more stressed out by frequent trips to the veterinarian's office.
		Although fluid bags are well sealed and the tubing is designed to prevent contamination, the safest way to store partially used bags is in the refrigerator.
	www.felinecrf.com /managb.htm (1561 words)

	Regions Hospital: Beginning Intravenous Fluids
		When burned, skin loses the ability to keep body fluids in, so the fluids that have been lost after a burn must be replaced.
		In larger burns the fluids are put into the body through an IV, or intravenous infusion.
		The amount of fluid necessary is figured out by using a formula called the Baxter formula.
	www.regionshospital.com /Regions/Menu/0,1640,3139,00.html (150 words)

	Storage and Integrity of Prehospital Medications and Intravenous Fluids
		Due to the unique nature of the prehospital environment, medications and intravenous fluids that are stored and used in the prehospital setting are subjected to extreme environmental changes.
		All EMS services authorized to carry medications and intravenous fluids must develop a policy to define the appropriate storage and maintenance of all medications and intravenous fluids.
		All medications and intravenous fluids must be stored in an environment that protects them from extreme temperature changes and light according to each medication's manufacturer's guidelines.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/ems/policy/00-14.htm (338 words)

	EPIDEMIOLOGIC NOTES AND REPORTS NOSOCOMIAL BACTEREMIAS ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAVENOUS FLUID THERAPY -- USA
		Direct sampling of fluids from intact non-manipulated bottles by CDC has been negative, but transfer of organisms from contaminated caps to the fluid has been effected approximately 25 percent of the time by sequentially striking the cap several times, unscrewing and replacing it, and then hanging the bottle inverted for 24 to 48 hours.
		At the first suspicion of clinical septicemia or fever which might be associated with contaminated intravenous fluid, all existent IV apparatus should be removed and microbiologically sampled; if continued IV therapy is necessary, it should be reinitiated with entirely new equipment and solutions.
		On March 22, FDA issued a recall of all Abbott IV fluids when it became clear that the scope of the epidemic was larger than initially recognized, that some hospitals continued to have episodes of BSI despite implementation of the March 13 recommendations, and that sufficient substitute IV fluids were available (3).
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050554.htm (3009 words)

	Intravenous fluids for abdominal aortic surgery
		Fluid replacement is needed to replace what is lost during surgery.
		There has been controversy for many years over which fluid is optimal and a number of studies have examined this subject, without any systematic review.
		The objective of this review was to determine the effectiveness of different non-blood replacement fluids used in surgery on the abdominal aorta with a view to identifying the optimal fluid for use in such surgery.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab000991.html (459 words)

	California Board of Vocational Nursing and Psychiatric Technicians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		"Intravenous fluids" means fluid forms of blood, blood products, vitamins, nutrients, electrolytes, and other medications including, but not limited to, anticoagulants and antibiotics.
		"Superimpose" means to connect a container of intravenous fluid to tubing through which another container of intravenous fluid has just been administered.
		The physician's individualized order designates the specific Category II intravenous fluids to be used in hemodialysis, pheresis or blood bank procedures within the particular setting; and
	www.bvnpt.ca.gov /newsflash.htm (1048 words)

	Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates
		Heparin in intravenous fluids may reduce IV tube changes needed for newborn babies in neonatal intensive care, but more research is needed to determine its safety.
		Intravenous infusion of drugs, fluids and nutrients has become an indispensable practice in present day medical care (Maki 1977; Lewis 1985; Tager 1983).
		These include designated intravenous therapy teams (Tomford 1984), frequent change in the site of catheters, placement of in-line filters (Roberts 1994), topical use of glyceryl trinitrate (Tighe 1995), hydrocortisone (Tighe 1995) or heparin (Vilardell 1999), intermittent heparinized-saline flush or lock and continuous infusion of heparin (Tanner 1980; Hanson 1976; Daniell 1973; Johnstone 1991).
	www.nichd.nih.gov /cochrane/shah5/shah.HTM (6589 words)

	Intravenous therapy -- Waitt et al. 80 (939): 1 -- Postgraduate Medical Journal
		Fluid and electrolyte disorders and acid-base imbalance are
		Oral versus intravenous empirical antimicrobial therapy for fever in patients with granulocytopenia who are receiving cancer chemotherapy.
		Effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate on the survival of peripheral intravenous infusions: a double blind, prospective clinical study.
	pmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/80/939/1 (4076 words)

	The Initiation, Administration and Maintenance of Intravenous Fluids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Registered Nurse and certified LPN will be responsible for the initiation, administration and maintenance of intravenous fluids, IV piggyback Medications, and discontinuing intravenous therapy.
		To restore previous body fluid losses on a short term basis and to provide venous access for medical emergencies and drug administration.
		Document on patient encounter form time IV started, fluids and medications administered, and time IV is discontinued for appropriate office reimbursement.
	www.southalabama.edu /usahealthsystem/hsf/policyandprocedure/iv.html (652 words)

	Subcutaneous Fluids in Dogs - PetPlace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Your dog can also receive fluids subcutaneously, in the area just under the skin and on top of the underlying muscle.
		The amount of fluid you should give depends upon the severity of dehydration.
		With patience and practice, you and your dog can become used to the routine of subcutaneous fluid administration.
	www.petplace.com /dogs/subcutaneous-fluids-in-dogs/page1.aspx (713 words)

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