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Topic: Intrinsic and extrinsic properties (philosophy)

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	intrinsic from FOLDOC
		The intrinsic features of a thing are those which it has in and of itself; while its extrinsic features are those which it has only in its relation to something else.
		In epistemology, the distinction between primary and secondary qualities points out the difference between the intrinsic and the extrinsic properties of material objects, and in normative ethics, deontologists and consequentialists disagree about whether the moral value of human actions resides in their intrinsic or their extrinsic features.
		This example shows the principle that intrinsicism is frequently the flip side of subjectivism, since the "natural price" was the price that the authorities or the guilds set up for themselves according to their own interests.
	lgxserver.uniba.it /lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?intrinsic (322 words)

	Intrinsic/ Instr Value Handout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		To understand what is meant by the phrase "Happiness has intrinsic value" we need to look at the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic properties and the source of value.
		This is another way of saying that the goodness of happiness comes from some property that is inherent in that thing; it is good independently of the context in which is it is found.
		Extrinsic value (Instrumental value) that which is valued for the sake of something else.
	www.philosophy.ilstu.edu /bailey/phi232fld/inexvalue.html (424 words)

	Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Properties
		It is crucial to the proof that Lewis's theory entails that this property is intrinsic that the quantifiers in the theory are possibilist.
		Then many dispositional properties might turn out to be nomically intrinsic, capturing nicely the idea that they are in a sense internal to the objects that possess them, while their manifestation depends both on external facts, and on the laws being a certain way.
		Such properties are extrinsic, but Hawthorne suggests they will satisfy all the combinatorial principles, and their close connection to natural relations means that they will be natural enough to cause problems for all these combinatorial approaches.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/intrinsic-extrinsic (6524 words)

	Lewis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Roughly, extrinsic properties of an object are properties that are expressed in terms of both the object and something external to the object.
		In particular, the property ``having five fingers on one's left hand'' (which I will later refer to as the property F) and the property ``having six fingers on one's left hand'' are both accidental intrinsic properties (Lewis, 158).
		The problem of accidental intrinsics, or rather the problem raised by accidental intrinsics, is the claim that the existence of accidental intrinsics and the principle of indiscernibility of identicals are incompatible (Loux, 195).
	www.yellowpigs.net /index.php?topic=philosophy/lewis (3464 words)

	Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation - Publications - Management Portal
		The concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are cardinal concepts in social and humanistic psychology, and represent distinctive mental processes that interact in specific ways that can in turn be observed through observation of individuals in work, school, and other institutionalized settings.
		Various academic viewpoints posit how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation add to one another or disrupt one another, yet there is still no consensus as to how these motivational events interact, or for that matter what they are.
		The resolution to this seemingly eternal conundrum is not served by yet another study, but by recognition of the fact that intrinsic and extrinsic motivational processes represent nothing more than metaphorical artifacts that bear not the slightest similarity to the neural processes that actually govern motivation.
	www.themanager.org /HR/Motivation.htm (1945 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Metaphysics and Epistemology :: Intrinsic properties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		There is no reason for believing in extrinsical properties, as believing in extrinsical properties is merely abstracting properties of physical reality away from the matter or material substance which they are found in.
		Names of properties are a byproduct of language, a square is a square because we call it a square.
		The difference between extrinsic and intrinsic properties is supposed to be this: an object has the first in virtue of the way it relates to the world while an object has the latter in virtue of the way it is. So your weight is an extrinsic property while your mass is an intrinsic property.
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-2306.html (2717 words)

	Philosophy of Mind
		O are mereologically supervenient on the local intrinsic and relational properties of H and O. But there is an important ambiguity in the notion of the relational properties of the proper parts of a whole.
		The causal impact of global properties of wholes upon the intrinsic causal powers of their proper parts is called "downwards causation" or "global-to-local causation." For example, the global or watery properties of H2O have no downwards or global-to-local causal impact upon the intrinsic causal powers of H and O in the compound H
		, (i) the global properties of some wholes or systems are neither reducible to the intrinsic and extrinsic relational properties of their proper parts nor deducible from the knowledge of those properties, and (ii) these global properties have an efficacious downwards or global-to-local impact on the intrinsic causal powers of their proper parts.
	spot.colorado.edu /~rhanna/43005300_fall2_handout5.htm (1415 words)

	[No title]
		Intrinsic properties I characterize by the platitude that they say what an object is like in itself, independently of everything else in the world.
		Of course, in some cases we have quite strong pretheoretic intuitions about which properties are intrinsic, and we tend to prefer theories that preserve those intuitions; but preserving unscientific ideas about what is and is not intrinsic is not a condition that a theory has to meet to be acceptable by scientific standards.
		To say that intrinsic properties of an object are those that it has independently of what the rest of the world is like is to say that an object retains its intrinsic properties under annihilation or creation of, and permutation of the intrinsic properties of, distinct individuals.
	philsci-archive.pitt.edu /archive/00001162/00/change_without_change_revised.doc (11361 words)

	Intrinsic and extrinsic properties
		This article is not about the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic properties in philosophy.
		In physics and chemistry an intrinsic property (or intensive property) of a system is a physical property of the system which does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system.
		By contrast, an extrinsic property (or extensive property) of a system does depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/intrinsic_and_extrinsic_properties (184 words)

	[No title]
		Naturally, it is assumed that the objects considered bear indeed the irrefutable marks that they have been formed or collocated by the activity of human agencies and that the approximate age of these transformations have been established according to scientific standard procedures.
		These criteria are intrinsic in as much as they pertain to the features of the artifacts themselves irrespective of the various contexts in which they have been found.
		To be heuristically useful this property requires of course that the exact spatial disposition of the artifacts with respect to one another be a part of the archaeological record as precisely as all the intrinsic properties which were listed above.
	www.semioticon.com /virtuals/symbolicity/intrinsic.html (4926 words)

	Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Value
		Intrinsic value is also often taken to be pertinent to judgments about moral justice (whether having to do with moral rights or moral desert), insofar as it is good that justice is done and bad that justice is denied, in ways that appear intimately tied to intrinsic value.
		That which is not intrinsically good but extrinsically good is derivatively good; it is good, not (insofar as its extrinsic value is concerned) for its own sake, but for the sake of something else that is good and to which it is related in some way.
		So understood, the claim that intrinsic value is borne by such entities is to be distinguished from the claim that it is borne by certain other closely related entities that are often classified as concrete.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/value-intrinsic-extrinsic (12549 words)

	Snap Classic Search for extrinsic intrinsic
		Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for MT and/or Summarization Workshop at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics (ACL 2005) Ann Arbor, Michigan J...
		Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation Most people understand the concept of intrinsic satisfaction or intrinsic motivation,...
		The intrinsic features of a thing are those which it has in and of itself; while its extrinsic features are those...
	snap.com /search.php?query=extrinsic+intrinsic&... (527 words)

	wo's weblog: Are Fundamental Properties Intrinsic?
		For if a thing x's being F depends on the existence and the properties of other things, it seems that F-hood should be reducible to intrinsic properties (and relations) of all the things involved.
		Moreover, fundamental properties are supposed to be the basis for intrinsic similarity between things, and they could hardly be if they were themselves extrinsic.
		On the other hand, if fundamental properties are intrinsic, they can't be identified by their theoretical role.
	umsu.de /wo/archive/2003/04/25/Are_Fundamental_Properties_Intrinsic_ (386 words)

	The Identity of Indiscernibles
		A property is said to be impure if it is analysed in terms of a relation with some particular substance (e.g., being within a light year of the Sun).
		Or we could take the regions of spacetime to be the substances and the quantum state as specifying the intrinsic properties of those regions.
		Moreover, Leibniz is committed to saying that the extrinsic properties of substances supervene on the intrinsic ones, which collapses the distinction between the strong and the Weak Principles.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/fall1998/entries/identity-indiscernible (2573 words)

	Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation: The Phony Controversy
		In other words, the intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation controversy is a sham because distinctive intrinsic and extrinsic motivational processes simply do not exist.
		As was previously stated, in contrast to the implicit view that an extrinsic reward is an indivisible event, a discrepancy theory of reward holds that the prediction error signified by 'extrinsic' or objectified reinforcing events is not integral to or fixed by objects, but is dependent upon individual discriminative contexts and histories.
		"From the behaviorist perspective, the incentive properties of a reward were traditionally defined in terms of attributes such as the quality, quantity, and delay of reward rather than in terms of any conception of what the nervous system experiences and undergoes when it is confronted by highly desirable objects.
	www.homestead.com /flowstate/files/sdt2.html (2504 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: Incommensurability-Ism
		Incapable of being expressed in language, as the experience of qualia generally and mystical insight in particular are sometimes held to be.
		Since the lack of any intrinsically worthwhile starting-point would render all value open to question, the procedure seems to be self-defeating.
		In moral philosophy, intuitionism is the metaethical theory that moral judgments are made by reference to a direct, non-inferential awareness of moral value.
	www.philosophypages.com /dy/i9.htm (1490 words)

	wo's weblog
		By assumption, I could have had the property of being a unicorn in a world in which there is only a unicorn and a poached egg; I could also have had the property of being the poached egg in such a world.
		I partly support their aims (though I think cuts in the philosophy department would be quite appropriate, given its quality, and I certainly don't want any more 'democratization' of the university), but I don't see how occupying the buildings and keeping me away from doing philosophy is a good way to achieve these aims.
		Examples are undecidable mathematical truths, metaphysical principles in philosophy and statements such as "there could be a world with K spacetime dimensions", with K being some cardinal for which you think the statement is very doubtful.
	www.umsu.de /wo/archive/2003/12 (6341 words)

	fare: Why I Am NOT A Libertarian!
		Sometimes, it is easier to explore a structure and to prove intrinsic properties of it by introducing arbitrary intermediate objects such as a coordinate system and a metrics; but these intermediate objects are features of the demonstration and are not intrinsic to the structure being explored.
		As a metaphor, in computer science, regular languages may be represented by deterministic finite automata, non-deterministic finite automata, or regular expressions; and determinism is not intrinsic to languages themselves, but to the choice of representation.
		Thus I find it quite amusing that on p.6, DCD introduces an anti-libertarian proviso because he sees all too well how natural it is to deduce property from creation, yet has no argument against it: if he had, I'm sure he'd have included a footnote with a bibliographic reference.
	www.livejournal.com /users/fare/40458.html (1123 words)

	Time [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Some philosophers are suspicions about whether the future or past are somehow not as real as the present, the feature that is referred to by the word "now." But their opponents argue that, if the future were real, then it would be fixed now, and we would not have the freedom to affect that future.
		It is analogous to the attitude in the philosophy of mathematics that declares zero to exist because zero is so useful in providing us with solutions to the numerical equation x + b = c in the special case when b = c.
		This extrinsic change in approval doesn't count as a real change in her death and neither does the so-called change from present to past.
	www.iep.utm.edu /t/time.htm (15768 words)

	Lecturer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		During this period I have refereed manuscripts for the Australasian Journal of Philosophy, British Journal for Philosophy of Science, Erkenntnis, the Philosophical Quarterly, and Philosophical Papers, and acted as a judge in the Philosophical Quarterly Essay Competition on Time and Change.
		I take the views: that the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic properties is orthogonal to that between non-relational and relational properties; that, strictly speaking, properties are neither relational nor non-relational; and that intrinsicality is unanalysable.
		is important in ethics for similar reasons that a distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic properties is important in metaphysics.
	weka.ucdavis.edu /~jp30/cv/cv.xml (1170 words)

	jeroenscriptie
		For essentialism each object has an essence or nature and can be defined by its intrinsic and extrinsic properties, while non-essentialism denies all this.
		Therefore, the non-essentialist drops the opposition between an object and its context, between object and subject, between essence and accident, intrinsic and extrinsic properties, relations of things and the terms of these relations.
		Inquiry is thus not anymore oriented at discovering the context-independent reality but at 'reweaving the web of context-dependent objects in order to eliminate the residual tensions in the region currently under strain'.
	www.vub.ac.be /boerplato/archief/jeroenscriptie.html (4475 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: Erasmus-Extrinsic
		Granting this to be the most fundamental principle of idealistic philosophy, Moore argued that it is indefensible.
		A thing's possession of its essential properties is necessary either for its individual existence or, at least, for its membership in a specific kind.
		Kant pointed out that existence is not a predicate, and Frege proposed that it is a second-order property of those first-order properties that happen to be instantiated.
	www.philosophypages.com /dy/e9.htm#eras (1598 words)

	internet culture
		Some of these interpretations are pretentious babble, including much theorizing that passes as postmodernist philosophy or psychology when it opines that there is nothing outside the text, that the self is an outmoded social construct, and so forth.
		The Internet is changing our relationship to nature, not only in the way that postmodernist theorists emphasize, by ``thickening'' the layers of images that mediates our perception of the external world and our interactions with it, but also by starting to lessen the stress on nature caused by the technologies of the industrial revolution.
		According to Bernstein's account of the link between his biography and his philosophy, Heidegger conceals and passes over in silence the importance for the Greeks, specifically Aristotle, of phronesis, the state of the soul that pertains to praxis.
	www.brandeis.edu /pubs/jove/HTML/V6/iculture.html (8643 words)

	Brian Weatherson - Online Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A survey of recent theories of intrinsicness in Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy.
		This theory provides the neatest solution to some puzzles concerning intrinsic properties, and is supported by some surprising linguistic data.
		I survey the issues involved in answering this question, including the problem of temporary intrinsics, the problem of the many, Kripke's objections to counterpart theory and quantifier domain restrictions.
	brian.weatherson.net /papers.html (1023 words)

	2MASS Extended Mission: Working Databases - Point Source Reliability
		These heuristics are derived from analysis of calibration scan repeat data, past analyses of source reliability from catalog generation and practical experience by Team members in use of the WDBs.
		Consensus of Science Team is to base reliability score only on intrinsic source properties.
		Extrinsic factors such as multi-scan confirmation statistics can be carried in separate columns with each source.
	spider.ipac.caltech.edu /staff/roc/2mass/extmis/wdb/reliability/pts_reliability.html (755 words)

	The Child's Right to Creative Thought and Expression
		Indeed, from a sociological perspective, intellectual innovations are not properties of individuals or ideas, but rather of dynamic networks and organizations (Collins, 1998).
		From a psychological perspective, high skill and low challenge leads to boredom (Csikszentmihalyi, 1996), a dynamic that helps to explain why so many highly creative adults were considered troublesome as schoolchildren.
		This consequence is thought to occur in two major ways: partly by constraining the response (e.g., a student chooses a less innovative response to avoid rejection), and partly by diverting attention from the intrinsic rewards of the task (e.g., a student becomes focused on the prize instead of the process) (Joussement and Koestner, 1999).
	www.acei.org /creativepp.htm (7324 words)

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