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Topic: Intrinsic motivation

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	Intrinsic Motivation
		One of the most straightforward conclusions of research from the past two decades is that extrinsic motivation alone is likely to have precisely the opposite impact that we want it to have on student achievement (Lepper and Hodell, 1989).
		Intrinsically motivating activities are those in which people will engage for no reward other than the interest and enjoyment that accompanies them.
		Malone and Lepper have integrated a large amount of research on motivational theory into a synthesis of ways to design environments that are intrinsically motivating.
	education.calumet.purdue.edu /vockell/EdPsyBook/Edpsy5/Edpsy5_intrinsic.htm (688 words)

	Intrinsic motivation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was previously thought that the two types of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) were additive, and could be combined to produce the highest level of motivation.
		Intrinsic motivation has been intensely studied by educational psychologists since the 1970s, and numerous studies have found it to be associated with high educational achievement and enjoyment by students.
		Since by definition intrinsic motivation does not rely on financial incentives, it is cheap in terms of dollars but expensive in the fact that the inherent rewards of the activity must be internalized before they can be experienced as intrinsically motivating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intrinsic_motivation (590 words)

	Motivation - Intrinsic & Extrinsic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Intrinsic motivation is by far the better of the two because it motivates people to achieve goals from within themselves, not because of a prize they want or a punishment they want to avoid.
		Intrinsic motivation not only makes people perform well and more accurately, but the people do not expect anything for doing it- the activity in itself is the reward.
		On the other hand, most people face extrinsic motivation with loopholes to the guidelines of the task- they want to do the least amount of work possible and still achieve their goal- whether it be gaining a reward or avoiding a threat.
	intranet.micds.org /upper/health/Health-Web/smahmood/intext.html (325 words)

	Student Motivation to Learn
		Although students may be equally motivated to perform a task, the sources of their motivation may differ.
		A student who is intrinsically motivated undertakes an activity "for its own sake, for the enjoyment it provides, the learning it permits, or the feelings of accomplishment it evokes" (Mark Lepper 1988).
		Students with an intrinsic orientation also tend to prefer tasks that are moderately challenging, whereas extrinsically oriented students gravitate toward tasks that are low in degree of difficulty.
	learn2study.org /teachers/motivation.htm (1462 words)

	Intrinsic Motivation
		Intrinsic motivation is when I am motivated by internal factors, as opposed to the external drivers of extrinsic motivation.
		Intrinsic motivation drives me to do things just for the fun of it, or because I believe it is a good or right thing to do.
		Intrinsic motivation is far stronger a motivator than extrinsic motivation, yet external motivation can easily act to displace intrinsic motivation (see the Overjustification Effect).
	changingminds.org /explanations/theories/intrinsic_motivation.htm (171 words)

	Motivation - Human Resources - Management Portal
		Intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation have been widely studied, and the distinction between them has shed important light on both developmental and educational practices.
		The concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are cardinal concepts in social and humanistic psychology, and represent distinctive mental processes that interact in specific ways that can in turn be observed through observation of individuals in work, school, and other institutionalized settings.
		Various academic viewpoints posit how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation add to one another or disrupt one another, yet there is still no consensus as to how these motivational events interact, or for that matter what they are.
	www.themanager.org /Knowledgebase/HR/Motivation.htm (991 words)

	CJBS 1996: Generalization of Intrinsic Motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In concrete terms, an intrinsically motivated behaviour is that which appears to be spontaneously initiated by the person in pursuit of no other goal than the activity itself.
		Autonomy pretreated subjects were expected to maintain a relatively high level of intrinsic motivation to pursue the target activity during the free-play period even when they had previously engaged in the activity in exchange for the extrinsic reward.
		Intrinsic motivation was affected strongly by the reward manipulation in these conditions.
	www.cpa.ca /cjbsnew/1996/ful_enzle.html (5329 words)

	Educational Psychology Interactive: Motivation
		The following definitions of motivation were gleaned from a variety of psychology textbooks and reflect the general consensus that motivation is an internal state or condition (sometimes described as a need, desire, or want) that serves to activate or energize behavior and give it direction (see Kleinginna and Kleinginna, 1981a).
		Most motivation theorists assume that motivation is involved in the performance of all learned responses; that is, a learned behavior will not occur unless it is energized.
		Emotion (an indefinite subjective sensation experienced as a state of arousal) is different from motivation in that there is not necessarily a goal orientation affiliated with it.
	chiron.valdosta.edu /whuitt/col/motivation/motivate.html (3742 words)

	Intrinsic Motivation and the process of learning: Beneficial effects of conceptualization, personalization, and choice
		The third strategy for enhancing the motivational appeal of learning activities that the researchers test is the provision of choice over aspects of the activity.
		The researchers first look at the differences in the motivational appeal of the various versions of the educational program and the degree of task-involvement that each one entails.
		For these highly goal-directed students, such motivational embellishments may be seen more as a distraction, or a time-wasting nuisance, than as an aid.
	www.msu.edu /~kidwaikh/cep901b/literaturereview/week08motivation.htm (1929 words)

	SparkNotes: Motivation: What Is Motivation?
		Intrinsic motivation is the motivation to act for the sake of the activity alone.
		For example, people have intrinsic motivation to write poetry if they do it simply because they enjoy it.Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, is the motivation to act for external rewards.
		Angie might be motivated to join a theater club both because she wants to be part of a close community and because she wants to be respected for her acting skills.
	www.sparknotes.com /psychology/psych101/motivation/section1.html (585 words)

	Motivation - Ebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Intrinsic motivation is defined as engagement in actions for their own sake with the only tangible benefit being outcomes such as pleasure, learning, satisfaction, interest, or challenge.
		On the other hand, extrinsic motivation occurs when learners engage in activities for the purpose of attaining rewards, such as praise or high grades (Alderman, 1999).
		Some researchers believe that intrinsic motivation can be enhanced through the use of particular strategies, and have sought a correlation between the design of specific educational materials and an increase in learning performance.
	www.coe.uga.edu /epltt/Motivation.htm (4084 words)

	Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation
		Intrinsic motivation tends more to be appetitive, new information arousing a slight interest leading to an appetite for more.
		However, while the two can work together, intrinsic motivation in the primary sense is vulnerable to being inhibited by the use of extrinsic rewards in ways which do not give the secondary type of intrinsic satisfaction but are experienced as alien to the person.
		The relationship of conditions which enhance rather suppress intrinsic motivation to those which enable satisfaction of need for achievement requires more study in detail, but the key point of similarity is in McClelland's description of need for achievement in terms of competition with an internalised standard of excellence.
	www.beswick.info /psychres/management.htm (6824 words)

	INTRINSIC MOTIVATION HANDBOOK
		Intrinsic motivation is to take part in something primarily for its own sake, for the enjoyment it provides, the learning it permits and the satisfaction it brings.
		Motivation techniques based on external rewards are short-term fixes and can lead to employee resentment; the employee may begin to feel manipulated and feel as if they are being lead around by a leash (Nelson 1994).
		Intrinsic, or internal motivation, is what enables a person to perform at their best, whether at work or at play.
	www.ecst.csuchico.edu /~jorgense/handbook.htm (2488 words)

	Motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Intrinsically motivated behaviors require no external supports or reinforcements for their sustenance.
		Extrinsic motivation is the desire to engage in an activity as a means to an end.
		This does not mean that we should completely disregard extrinsic motivators, as some students are highly motivated to learn for intrinsic reasons but still like to rise to the challenge of an exam to score well, or receive praise from an instructor (Lowman, 1990).
	faculty.coloradomtn.edu /orl/motivation.htm (530 words)

	cheekyboots » intrinsic motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Intrinsic motivation is when you want to do something because you actually want to - you’re following the whisper of inspiration, that voice of passion or drive inside you that wants to create, to explore, to know.
		But for intrinsic motivation to work you have to respect and believe in yourself, be a self-starter, be a loner too in many ways, and you have to have a passion that is sustainable and cheap to run (unlike photography!).
		I don´t know if intrinsic motivation can ever be free from the worries of running out of money, of being alienated and disconnected to the people around you, of being criticized and thought of as second class.
	www.cheekyboots.com /?p=193 (1392 words)

	Intrinsic motivation doesn't exist, researcher says
		Psycholgists say intrinsic motivations are those that arise from within — doing something because you want to — while extrinsic motivations mean people are seeking a reward, such as money, a good grade in class, or a trophy at a sporting event.
		One common definition, for example, is that intrinsic motivation is that which is inherently pleasurable, while extrinsic motivation is not.
		Another way of defining intrinsic motivation is the means-end definition, which says intrinsic motivation is doing what we want, whereas extrinsic motivation is doing something to get something else.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-05/osu-imd050905.php (931 words)

	WowEssays.com - Intrinsic Motivation Is Ideal
		Intrinsic motivation is a state where the relevance for the learner of the content of the material is the main reason for learning.
		Concluding Recommendations The eclectic view of the concept of motivation to learn must then be acknowledged because even though it is ideal to be intrinsically motivated, to discard implementation of extrinsic forms of motivation or avoid the fact that some students will be amotivated at times would not be realistic.
		Even though the school administration and community should be responsible for setting precedence of intrinsic motivation throughout the schools, the obligation of effectively facilitating this concept is in the possession of the teacher.
	www.wowessays.com /dbase/ac1/bae133.shtml (1876 words)

	Motivation
		Our role is to increase student motivation and develop the skills or strategies that make a student more competent and to structure the learning environment so that students are able to take ownership of their own learning.
		Motivation and achievement have long been recognized to have a close cause-effect relationship, as of course have ability and achievement.
		Motivational strategies need to be applied individually and changed frequently so that they do not become ineffective through over use.
	members.shaw.ca /priscillatheroux/motivation.html (3842 words)

	Reading in a Foreign Language: Redefining Motivation to Read in a Foreign Language
		However, due to a lack of literature dealing specifically with reading motivation, they sought support for their model by drawing upon a number of general motivational constructs that are relevant to engaging in reading.
		Both intrinsic value and extrinsic utility value in expectancy-value theory are similar to the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Deci and Ryan's model (1985).
		The former is defined as motivation to do a task for its own sake while the latter is defined as motivation to engage in a task in order to obtain external rewards such as getting good grades.
	nflrc.hawaii.edu /rfl/October2002/mori/mori.html (5516 words)

	Intrinsic motivation for physical education
		Intrinsic motivation is found in an individual who participates in an activity without any outside rewards.
		The level of happiness that is derived from extrinsic motivation is usually not as great as that from intrinsic motivation.
		According to research, “…students’ attitudes toward physical education classes have indicated that the teacher is regarded by the students as one of the most influential factors for their motivation” (Figley, 1985; Luke and Sinclair, 1991).
	coe.sdsu.edu /eet/articles/motivatphysed/start.htm (635 words)

	Happiness > Intrinsic Motivation Doesn't Exist
		Psychologists say intrinsic motivations are those that arise from within â“ doing something because you want to â“ while extrinsic motivations mean people are seeking a reward, such as money, a good grade in class, or a trophy at a sporting event.
		One problem is that people who tout the value of intrinsic motivation have several different definitions for what that means, and these definitions change depending on circumstances.
		For example, some might argue that children playing baseball are intrinsically motivated by the joy of playing, while a professional baseball player is extrinsically motivated, by money and championships.
	www.emaxhealth.com /30/6264.html (944 words)

	What is Motivation; Optimism, Happiness, Self-Esteem, Creativity, Competency, Intrinsic Motivation.
		Knowing what mindfulness is and achieving mindfulness is to discover the intrinsic motivation, awareness, innermost qualities of your being, way deeper than your thoughts, that allows you to face the joy of the moments and/or face the turmoil of the life.
		When intrinsically motivated, people tend to perceive the locus of causality for their behavior to be internal, and they are guided more by their internal states.
		Intrinsic motivation is associated with richer experiences, improving self esteem, better conceptual understanding, greater creativity, achieving competency, and improved problem solving.
	www.motivationbook.com (19007 words)

	ON COURSE: Defining Intrinsic Motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		"Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation to engage in an activity for its own sake.
		"Intrinsic motivation is choosing to do an activity for no compelling reason, beyond the satisfaction derived from the activity itself--it’s what motivates us to do something when we don’t have to do anything." --James P Raffini, 150 Ways to Increase Intrinsic Motivation in the Classroom
		"Intrinsically motivated action is that which occurs for its own sake, action for which the only rewards are the spontaneous affects and cognitions that accompany it.
	www.oncourseworkshop.com /Motivation007.htm (204 words)

	Intrinsic Motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Intrinsic motivation is a motivation that comes from within and there is no incentive or reward other than the interest of the material itself.
		Features sections on intrinsic motivation, the problems with extrinsic motivation, factors that encourage intrinsic motivation, and some specific classroom management methods to motivate your students.
		There is a brief discussion of how external rewards, in some instances, can lead to intrinsic motivation and that relying solely on one form of motivation may not be an effective method.
	www.rblewis.net /technology/PSY306/intrinsicmotive.html (414 words)

	Teachers.Net - TEACHERS.NET GAZETTE - Teachers.Net Gazette provides news from Teachers.Net direct to teachers around ...
		To watch 400 students pumped up over being able to show the world everything they have learned with nothing else motivating them except for the chance to show off their knowledge is invigorating for an educator.
		When using extrinsic motivators, educators might see immediate changes in behaviors but the long term problem is not solved.
		Because of those challenges, those amoebae cultures were intrinsically motivated to find ways to survive.
	www.teachers.net /gazette/AUG00/tracy.html (1512 words)

	Summary of Intrinsic Motivation
		Note that even though intrinsic motivation is highly desirable, many of the activities in which teachers, students, and other human beings engage are directly influenced by extrinsic rather than intrinsic motivation (Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 1984; Csikszentmihalyi and Nakamura, 1989).
		By viewing their work with these students as a challenge, these teachers are motivated to work harder than they would have to work if such challenges were not present.
		It is important both that others see to it that teachers find fulfillment and that teachers themselves look for intrinsic motivation in their work.
	education.calumet.purdue.edu /vockell/EdPsyBook/Edpsy5/Edpsy5_summary1.htm (1016 words)

	Intrinsic Motivation
		Motivation has been suggested to be what directs and energises ones behaviour, that which impels action (Hatfield, 2002).
		Intrinsic motivation could be described using the notion of “flow”, describing it as feelings of “being immersed and carried by an activity, as well as feeling in control of ones actions and the surrounding environment” (Wigfield, Eccles & Rodriguez cited Csikszentmihalyi, 1998, p76).
		Intrinsic motivation relies on the sense that a reward of an activity is not separate to the activity itself, one feels the activity itself is the reward (Glietman, Fridlund & Reisberg, 1999).
	www.radessays.com /viewpaper.php?request=8807 (226 words)

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