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Topic: Intrinsic semiconductor

	Semiconductor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A semiconductor is a material with an electrical conductivity that is intermediate between that of an insulator and a conductor.
		A semiconductor has a band gap which is small enough such that its conduction band is appreciably thermally populated with electrons at room temperature, whilst an insulator has a band gap which is too wide for there to be appreciable thermal electrons in its conduction band at room temperature.
		The ease with which electrons in a semiconductor can be excited from the valence band to the conduction band depends on the band gap between the bands, and it is the size of this energy bandgap that serves as an arbitrary dividing line between semiconductors and insulators.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Semiconductor (1931 words)

	Semiconductor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A semiconductor is a material with an electrical conductance that is intermediate to those of an insulator and a conductor.
		In the parlance of solid-state physics, semiconductors (and insulators) are defined as solids in which at absolute zero (0 K), the uppermost of occupied electron energy states, known as the valence band, is completely full.
		Semiconductors with predictable, reliable electronic properties are difficult to mass-produce because of the required chemical purity, and the perfection of the crystal structure, which are needed to make devices.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Semiconductors (1774 words)

	semiconductor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In a semiconductor there is a limited movement of electrons, depending upon the crystal structure of the material used.
		Thus there are two types of semiconductor: the N-type (negative), in which the current carriers (electrons) are negative, and the P-type (positive), in which the positively charged holes move and carry the current.
		Semiconductors are used to produce such electronic devices as diodes, transistors, and computer memory devices.
	www.bartleby.com /65/se/semicond.html (277 words)

	SEMICONDUCTOR FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A semiconductor is a material with an electrical_conductivity that is intermediate between that of an insulator and a conductor.
		A semiconductor has a band_gap which is small enough such that its conduction_band is ''appreciably'' thermally populated with electrons at room temperature, whilst an insulator has a band gap which is too wide for there to be appreciable thermal electrons in its conduction band at room temperature.
		In the parlance of solid-state_physics, semiconductors (and insulators) are defined as solids in which at absolute_zero (0 K), the uppermost band of ''occupied'' electron energy states, known as the valence_band, is completely full.
	www.brolgas.com /semiconductor (2435 words)

	Semiconductor -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A semiconductor is a material which has an (Click link for more info and facts about electrical conductance) electrical conductance which is between that of an (A material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity) insulator and a (The person who leads a musical group) conductor.
		It is an important distinction between conductors and semiconductors that, in semiconductors, movement of charge ((A steady flow (usually from natural causes)) current) is facilitated by both electrons and holes.
		One of the main reasons that semiconductors are useful in (The branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices) electronics is that their electronic properties can be greatly altered in a controllable way by adding small amounts of impurities.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/se/semiconductor.htm (2281 words)

	Intrinsic Semiconductors
		The term intrinsic here distinguishes between the properties of pure "intrinsic" silicon and the dramatically different properties of doped n-type or p-type semiconductors.
		The current flow in an intrinsic semiconductor is influenced by the density of energy states which in turn influences the electron density in the conduction band.
		In a p-type semiconductor, the dopant produces extra vacancies or holes, which likewise increase the conductivity.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solids/intrin.html (371 words)

	Semiconductors and Diodes
		Intrinsic silicon crystals at room temperature obtain heat (energy) from the surrounding air, which causes valence electrons to break loose from the covalent bonds.
		Intrinsic (pure) semiconductors (silicon and germanium) have very few free electrons and are neither good conductors nor good semiconductors.
		A semiconductor is an electronic device such as a diode or transistor produced from semiconductor materials.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /~sdunan/cent112/notes/06EDiodes (1297 words)

	Britney Spears Guide to Semiconductor Physics: Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors
		The variation in the energy gap between different semiconductor materials means that the intrinsic carrier concentration at a given temperature also varies.
		The effect of the dopant impurities in a semiconductor is to alter the bandstructure of the material.
		donor and acceptor impurity atoms added to intrinsic semiconductor have the effect of locally reducing the band gap of the semiconductor, increasing the conductivity of the material.
	britneyspears.ac /physics/inexsemi.html (761 words)

	Semiconductor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the parlance of solid-state physics, semiconductors (and insulators) are defined as solids in which at 0K (and without excitations) the uppermost band of occupied electron energy states is completely full.
		The ease with which electrons can be excited from the valence band to the conduction band depends on the energy bandgap betwen the bands, and it is the size of this energy bandgap that serves as an arbitrary dividing line between semiconductors and insulators.
		When silicon is doped with arsenic or phosphorous atoms, these dopant atoms replace silicon atoms in the semiconductor crystal, but since they have one more outer-shell electron than silicon they tend to contribute this electron to the conduction band.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/semiconductor (1293 words)

	Method of fabricating a photoconductive detector of increased responsivity - Patent 4073969
		Others in the art determined that for small size detectors extrinsic semiconductor materials might have to be used though they must operate at a substantially lower temperature than could be achieved with intrinsic semiconductor materials.
		Still another object of the invention is to provide a photoconductive detector of intrinsic material which is small in size, light in weight and economical to manufacture, and operable at substantially higher temperatures than corresponding detectors using extrinsic semiconductor materials.
		In intrinsic semiconductor detectors, minority carrier effects are present and, in most cases, determine the performance of photoconductors.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4073969.html (3300 words)

	CompoundSemiconductor.Net - Buyer's Guide - INTRINSIC Semiconductor
		INTRINSIC Semiconductor is a privately held emerging growth company focusing on materials and device technologies based on silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN); clear forerunners for next-generation high power and high-frequency device applications in which traditional semiconductors are unable to satisfy performance requirements.
		Established in June 2002, INTRINSIC Semiconductor is based in Northern Virginia near Washington, DC.
		INTRINSIC uses the "Quality at Source" approach for quality control, with a quality system designed to be ISO 9000 compliant.
	compoundsemiconductor.net /buyers/index.cfm?action=viewcomp&id=13161 (225 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Generally, the intrinsic layer is the thickest layer of the device, and the principles of the present invention are directed toward minimizing the time required for the deposition of this intrinsic layer, while maintaining or improving performance qualities of the device.
		In the context of this disclosure, the layer 12 is referred to as being substantially intrinsic since, while it is of essentially intrinsic conductivity type, it may be slightly P type or slightly N type and still function as an intrinsic layer within the context of the P-I-N type photovoltaic device.
		In accord with the present invention, the deposition process whereby the intrinsic layer is deposited, is controlled so that the portion of the intrinsic layer which is, or will be, closest to the P layer is deposited at a rate lower than is the remainder of the intrinsic layer.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/88999.011122&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4120 words)

	Programmable semiconductor switch for a display matrix or the like and method for making same - Patent 4667189
		The switch preferably comprises an n.sup.+ -i-n.sup.+ device where the intrinsic material is an amorphous semiconductor alloy such as amorphous, hydrogenated or fluorinated silicon having a density and energy distribution of localized defect states in the band gap thereof forming deep traps which affect the threshold value.
		The switch preferably comprises a sandwich of n.sup.+ -i-n.sup.+ amorphous semiconductor materials, in which the intrinsic layer is the wide band gap amorphous material having a high density of states and the highly doped n.sup.+ layers act as ohmic contacts for injecting electrons into the i layer.
		The semiconductor layers 22, 24 and 26 are deposited, disordered materials such as deposited, amorphous silicon alloy materials formed by the plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition of silane, or hydrogen and silicon tetrafluoride (SiF.sub.4), and in the case of the n.sup.+ layers 22, 26, phosphine, silane and silicon tetrafluoride SiF.sub.4 gas.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4667189.html (7484 words)

	Britney's Guide to Semiconductor Basics
		Elemental semiconductors are semiconductors where each atom is of the same type such as Ge, Si.
		An extrinsic semiconductor consists can be formed from an intrinsic semiconductor by added impurity atoms to the crystal in a process known as doping.
		In this regime, the doping of the semiconductor determine whether the semiconductor is n-type or p-type.
	britneyspears.ac /physics/basics/basics.htm (2065 words)

	Chem131 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A semiconductor is a crystalline solid that is intermediate in electrical conductivity.
		Semiconductors are not able to work at high power levels, and the vacuum tube is still used in things like deep space radars and microwave weapons.
		Semiconductors are used in rectifiers, transistors, and integrated circuits.
	www.uvm.edu /~swgordon/131-00/131-webproj/mgodin/semi.htm (1701 words)

	Doped Semiconductors
		The addition of a small percentage of foreign atoms in the regular crystal lattice of silicon or germanium produces dramatic changes in their electrical properties, producing n-type and p-type semiconductors.
		The addition of pentavalent impurities such as antimony, arsenic or phosphorous contributes free electrons, greatly increasing the conductivity of the intrinsic semiconductor.
		The addition of trivalent impurities such as boron, aluminum or gallium to an intrinsic semiconductor creates deficiencies of valence electrons,called "holes".
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solids/dope.html (189 words)

	[No title]
		Charge Carriers in Energy Bands of Extrinsic Semiconductor – The relative concentration of electrons and holes in a semiconductor is controlled by the kind and concentration of chemical impurity atoms that are intentionally introduced (or doped) into the material during or after the crystal growth.
		semiconductor, electrons are the majority carriers and the electron concentration n is equal to the donor impurity concentration.
		semiconductor, holes are the majority carriers and the hole concentration p is equal to the acceptor impurity concentration.
	jas.eng.buffalo.edu /education/semicon/fermi/bandAndLevel/intro.html (814 words)

	Electron Device Modeling:Semiconductor Physics - Wikibooks
		Hence it resides in the middle of the forbidden band for an intrinsic semi-conductor.
		Thus individual intrinsic semiconductor atoms may be replaced with dopant atoms to form an extrinsic semi-conductor.
		The electrons in the conduction band are now dominated by electrons from the intrinsic semiconductor and it is said to be intrinsic.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Electron_Device_Modeling:Semiconductor_Physics (1042 words)

	Semiconductor materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Semiconductors: The two semiconductors of great importance are silicon (Si 14) and germanium (Ge 32), which both have four valence electrons.
		This is an n-type semiconductor whose conductivity is much improved compared to the intrinsic semiconductors, due to the extra free electrons in the lattice, which are called predominant or majority current carriers.
		This is a p-type semiconductor whose conductivity is also much improved compared to the intrinsic semiconductors, due to the holes in the lattice, which are called predominant or majority current carriers.
	fourier.eng.hmc.edu /e84/lectures/ch4/node2.html (627 words)

	Semiconductor Terminology
		An impurity added to an intrinsic semiconductor that will accept an electron from a neighboring atom to create a hole.
		A semiconductor whose electrical properties depend upon the presence of the impurities.
		An emulsion that is applied to the semiconductor surface, and is sensitive to light.
	www.flowmeterdirectory.com /semiconductor_terminology.html (555 words)

	Basics of Semiconductors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Semiconductors are especially important because varying conditions like temperature and impurity content can easily alter their conductivity.
		Semiconductors are employed in the manufacture of electronic devices and integrated circuits.
		Where as an extrinsic semiconductor is an improved intrinsic semiconductor with a small amount of impurities added by a process, known as doping, which alters the electrical properties of the semiconductor and improves its conductivity.
	ceaspub.eas.asu.edu /widebandgap/NewPages/SCbasics.html (1403 words)

	THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND
		For the understanding of the properties of semiconductor and how these materials can be used to fabricate useful solid-state devices, we need to have a qualitative took at what is referred as the band theory of solid.
		By equilibrium we mean essentially that the piece of semiconductor is left isolated with no input of energy from external sources such as light incident on it or voltage applied across the material.
		If a piece of semiconductor is left alone in equilibrium, there is no difference in energy as the electrons move from one point to another in the semiconductor.
	www.itee.uq.edu.au /~elec3200/lectures/L1.htm (1775 words)

	INTRINSIC Semiconductor. Silicon carbide (SiC) wafers, substrates, GaN epitaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		DULLES, VA – August 4, 2004 – INTRINSIC Semiconductor, a privately held manufacturer of wide bandgap materials, today announced that it is has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Bandgap Technologies, Inc. (Columbia, SC).
		Our team is very pleased to be joining INTRINSIC Semiconductor and look forward to continuing our efforts in developing the industry’s highest-quality, largest diameter SiC crystals," said Dr. Yuri Khlebnikov, President of Bandgap Technologies.
		INTRINSIC Semiconductor is a privately held emerging growth company focusing on materials and device technologies based on SiC and GaN; clear forerunners for next-generation high power and high-frequency device applications.
	www.intrinsicsemi.com /home02_aug04.html (273 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - intrinsic semiconductor
		Semiconductor, solid or liquid material, able to conduct electricity at room temperature more readily than an insulator, but less easily than a...
		A star’s absolute luminosity or intrinsic brightness is the total amount of...
		Gallium arsenide is the most common semiconductor used.
	encarta.msn.com /intrinsic+semiconductor.html (98 words)

	Semiconductors.
		In certain semiconductors, notably GaAs, electrons can exist in a high-mass low velocity state as well as their normal low-mass high-velocity state and they can be forced into the high-mass state by a steady electirc field of sufficient strength.
		As its name suggests, this is a junction diode with a region of intrinsic semiconductor between the n- and p- regions.
		When such a diode is reverse-biased the intrinsic layer is depleted of carriers and the diode behaves as a capacitor.
	www.hills2.u-net.com /electron/semicond/semicond.htm (1520 words)

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