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Topic: Introduced species

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	U.S. Global Change Research Information Office
		Introduced species can drastically affect specific plants or animals even when the invaders do not modify the entire ecosystem--feeding upon a native species, for example, to the point of its extinction.
		The troubles with introduced species do not always originate at the borders of the country: major problems often ensue when a species from a state in which it is native moves to another in which it is not naturally found.
		The opponents were either unoffended by the fact that the species was an alien or unconvinced that, as the state had shown, the blue gum eucalyptus was a threat to native species.
	www.gcrio.org /CONSEQUENCES/vol2no2/article2.html (7021 words)

	EPA-MAIA - Introduced Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		For that reason, the number of nonnative species actually counted in an area (if such counts are made) is likely to be an underestimate of the number of nonnative species in the area.
		Introduced species may be present for years or decades before their presence is even recognized, and the harm, if any, that they do is measured or observed.
		The benefits conveyed by these species are vast, and U.S. agriculture would have a far different appearance if it were limited to the several dozen food crops known to have been cultivated in North America before 1492 rather than the hundreds of crops grown today.
	www.epa.gov /maia/html/intro-species.html (1685 words)

	South Florida Environments - Introduced Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Reported species are those recorded with no knowledge of their reproductive status, locally established species are those species known to be breeding but within a limited area (such as an isolated pond), while an established species is defined by one or more breeding populations.
		And lastly, fishes are introduced by the public, whether by well meaning aquarists no longer able or willing to care for their captives or by individuals looking to establish a species for their own reasons.
		Introduced species do not always behave as they are known to in their native environments and free from the constraints that may have kept their population in balance with their native surroundings, they may reach extraordinary levels of abundance.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/southflorida/introducedspecies.html (673 words)

	NON-NATIVE SPECIES: TED Case
		The cost to taxpayers of introduced species in Florida was estimated in a 1993 report of the Congressional Office of Technology Assesment, to range from hundreds of millions through billions of dollars over the past few decades.
		Introduced species can drastically affect specific plants or animals even when the invaders do not modify the entire ecosystem; for example, feeding upon a native species to the point of its extinction.
		The troubles with introduced species do not always originate at the international borders of Florida: major problems often ensue when a species from a state in which it is native, moves to another in which it is not naturally found.
	www.american.edu /TED/florida.htm (3772 words)

	Introduced Species: The Threat to Biodiversity & What Can Be Done by Daniel Simberloff
		Of all 1,880 imperiled species in the United States, 49% are endangered because of introduced species alone or because of their impact combined with other forces.
		Hybridization, or cross-breeding, of introduced species with natives is an even subtler impact (no lineage goes extinct), but it is insidious because it leads gradually to the extinction of many native species, as their gene pools inevitably evolve to become those of the invader.
		Introduced mallards, for instance, are driving the native Hawaiian duck to a sort of genetic extinction by breeding with them.
	www.actionbioscience.org /biodiversity/simberloff.html (2721 words)

	Introduced Species
		Introduced species are defined as animals, plants, microbes, insects or other living things introduced into an ecosystem where they don't naturally occur.
		Introduced species are also known as: exotic species, invasive species, non-indigenous species, alien species.
		Some nonnative species have been deliberately introduced in the U.S.-nonnative plants, like kudzu, were introduced to control soil erosion; European birds were introduced to make colonists feel more at home; and game fish have been widely transferred to stock sport fisheries.
	home.comcast.net /~amyslack/introducedspecies.htm (2204 words)

	Invasive & Exotic Species of Maryland
		Many introduced species do not show a propensity to become invasive for several generations; so species we once thought were beneficial, such as grass carp, European starlings, mute swans, and nutria have demonstrated the characteristics of invasiveness long after their original introduction.
		These and other species are proving difficult to control in their competition against native species for food, shelter, water, or other resources and their impacts on economic interests and human welfare.
		When ecologists talk about the impact of introduced species on native species and habitats, they mean that the introduced species is reproducing and distributing itself so efficiently that it is out competing native species' use of the same habitats.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /wildlife/invintro.asp (690 words)

	Midway Atoll NWR: Conserving Wildlife - Introduced Species
		Over 200 plant species were introduced, including many ornamental plants and crops that were brought to Midway during the earliest years of the Commercial Pacific Cable Company.
		The introduced species with the most profound effect on Midway's native wildlife is almost certainly the Black rat (Rattus rattus).
		Midway is also home for two bird species that appear to have adapted well to island life.
	www.fws.gov /midway/wildlife/species.html (502 words)

	Biodiversity - Introduced Species
		The impact that introduced fish are having on the ecology of freshwater rivers, streams and the sea is poorly understood.
		Species have been deliberately introduced to Australia for a wide variety of reasons including for use as garden plants, domestic or companion animals, for sport (such as hunting), as pasture grasses or aquarium species (in the case of some marine species).
		Introduced plants, or weeds, can invade and compete with native plant species for space, light, water and nutrients and because of their rapid growth rates they can quickly smother native vegetation.
	www.environment.sa.gov.au /reporting/biodiversity/introduced.html (3706 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Non-Native Species
		While some species are established successfully, without harm, a number of introduced species have brought disastrous results, as did Thomas Austin's rabbits.
		In this essay for the Institute for Biological Invasions, of which he is the director, Simberloff explains why invasive species pose a significant threat to native species and global biodiversity.
		Species are often introduced into a country through international trade, hitchhiking on boats and in cargo.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/40.html (1087 words)

	PISCES - Freshwater Marshes: Introduced Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Many species of fish originating from tropical and subtropical regions have been introduced into the freshwaters of the Everglades.
		Introduced fish have been introduced primarily through aquarium and aquaculture facilities, while some species have been released on purpose in hopes of establishing breeding populations.
		Other introduced fishes that have been documented in the fresh and brackish waters of the Everglades include the oscar (Astronotus ocellatus), butterfly peacock bass (Cichla ocellaris), blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus), Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), and spotted tilapia (Tilapia mariae).
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/SouthFlorida/everglades/marshes/exotic.html (476 words)

	Introduced Marine Species of Hawaii Guidebook
		Plants and animals moved from their native habitats to new locations by humans, either accidentally or intentionally, are considered to be alien or introduced species.
		When in a new environment, introduced species can compete with native ones for food or space; introduce new pests, parasites, or pathogens; and generally cause a disruption in the native environment.
		The total number of marine and brackish water alien species in the Hawaiian Islands is 343, including 287 invertebrates, 24 algae, 20 fish, and 12 flowering plants.
	www2.bishopmuseum.org /HBS/invertguide/index.htm (369 words)

	Nonind Species Introduced
		The rare Everglades Kite feeds on the native applesnail but is not able to readily feed on the introduced species because of the shape of the shell does match that of the kite's beak (Hale 1964).
		Studies revealed that this species retards the growth of water hyacinths by feeding on the roots of the plants.
		Coloration between the two species is also different - young alligators are fl with yellow bands while caimans are greenish- to brownish-gray with dark brown bands.
	cars.er.usgs.gov /posters/Nonindigenous/Nonind_Species_Introduced/nonind_species_introduced.html (927 words)

	Introduced freshwater species
		Introduced species may have little ecological effect if a suitable niche is vacant e.g.
		Introduced organisms may become very successful if conditions are suitable for them, if not they will die out.
		The problem of introduced species is not confined to freshwater habitats.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /mark.smith/intsp.html (1912 words)

	Home Page - Introduced species in the UK
		Introduced species are also known as exotics, aliens, non indigenous, non - natives, invasives and a host of other terms.
		My definition of an introduced species is one that has survived for at least two generations in Britain in an uncontrolled (wild) manner after its initial introduction.
		I have tried to include as many species as possible, however I have not included anything that cannot be seen with the naked eye due to the sheer amount of work that would involve.
	www.introduced-species.co.uk (155 words)

	alien species
		Some species that are successful are sometimes able to adapt to the local conditions and find a comfortable, limited niche in their new home without aggressively disrupting local biological communities or causing significant problems.
		Introduced agricultural and forestry pests are thought to impact the Canadian economy to the tune of at least CAN$7.5 billion dollars a year.
		Once an invading species becomes established in a new, congenial home it is a costly and usually losing battle to be rid of it.
	www.bofep.org /alien_species.htm (7367 words)

	Earlham College - Biology Department - Introduced Species In Hawaii - Mammals
		Although it is hypothesized that destruction of forests by man had led to the extinction of these species (Kirch 1982), it may be possible that feral populations of Polynesian pigs may have existed and ate native mollusks as a source of protein.
		These species have also been found to be a significant factor in the decline of the Mauna Kea Silversword (Argyroxiphium sandwichense), which due to browsing pressures the wild population has been limited to 42 plants all confined on cliffs and rock faces that are inaccessible to the sheep (Robichaux et al.
		Axis Deer are primarily a grazing species, and prefers to eat newly sprouting grasses (Elliot and Barrett 1985).
	www.earlham.edu /~biol/hawaii/mammals.htm (3982 words)

	Tephritidae introduced species
		Species that have spread beyond their natural ranges or that have been released in other areas are listed below by genus in alphabetical order.
		Anastrepha suspensa, native to the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas, was introduced to Florida in 1965.
		Tetreuaresta obscuripennis, native to the neotropics, was introduced for weed biocontrol in Hawaii and Fiji.
	www.sel.barc.usda.gov /diptera/tephriti/TephInSp.htm (2112 words)

	Control of Introduced Species
		This was used successfully in 1925, when Cactoblastis moth larvae was introduced to prickly pear populations in New South Wales and Queensland.
		The cane toad did not eat the cane beetle and the toad population spread rapidly, resulting in the decline of native species of mammal and reptile.
		This virus had been specially engineered to be highly infectious to only rabbits, and to overcome the difficulty of rabbits becoming immune.
	www.questacon.edu.au /html/control_ferals.html (666 words)

	Introduced Species Save The Bay
		An introduced species is a plant or animal that has not historically lived in a particular habitat, but has been brought here by some other means, usually by humans.
		One very common introduced species in the Bay Area is the eucalyptus tree, which was brought here from Australia because it grew quickly and provided Bay Area residents with a quick and easy source of lumber.
		Occasionally, when a new species is brought to an area where it would not normally live, it dies because it is not adapted to live or reproduce in the new habitat.
	www.savesfbay.org /site/pp.asp?c=dgKLLSOwEnH&b=886897 (394 words)

	PISCES - Florida Keys - Introduced Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Introduced species are those organisms that are native to somewhere else that have been introduced through human activities.
		Many of these species have detrimental effects on native flora and fauna due to lack of population controls such as predators and disease.
		Although it is illegal to release non-native species into state waters, introduced species are on the increase.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/SouthFlorida/coral/exotickeys.html (330 words)

	IUCN - The World Conservation Union
		Although these species have not caused damage yet, their presence indicates the threat of invasive species in the Seychelles is real and must be addressed.
		Finding them is an indication that species are being transported and introduced into the Seychelles, so it is essential to find and monitor any additional introduced species.
		A fourth species not found in this study was already known to be introduced into the Seychelles.
	www.iucn.org /themes/marine/invasives/coralreefs/seychelles/localspecies.htm (408 words)

	Introduced Species
		This writeup on introduced species is from an introductory section on the origin of the North Central Texas Flora.
		Biologically, weeds (sometimes termed colonizing or invasive plants) are species that "have the genetic endowment to inhabit and thrive in places of continual disturbance, most especially in areas that are repeatedly affected by the activities of humankind" (Stuckey and Barkley 1993).
		Their data, compiled from a number of sources, showed that there are higher percentages of foreign species in those states that have been occupied the longest by non-native inhabitants and in those that have been most extensively involved in agriculture.
	artemis.austincollege.edu /acad/bio/gdiggs/introduced.html (1331 words)

	Introduced species in the Galápagos
		The result is the gradual replacement of endemic species with introduced species and the destruction of the balance that has evolved in this delicate ecosystem over hundreds of thousands of years.
		Most of these species were introduced as farm animals, beasts of burden, or pets, but now feral populations of each exist on many of the islands.
		Captive breeding programs are underway at the Darwin Station for species, such as the giant tortoise and the land iguana, that are strongly impacted by introduced species.
	www.ecuador.washcoll.edu /Tropical%20Ecology/introspecies.html (296 words)

	MIT Sea Grant \| Introduced Species Descriptions
		It was introduced from Europe and has been seen from Maine to Rhode Island in estuarine habitats, in the intertidal and subtidal zones.
		It was introduced from Europe and has been spotted from Gulf of St.Lawrence to Delaware along hard and soft surfaces, in both intertidal and subtidal zones.
		They have been introduced from Europe and have expanded from Newfoundland to the Chesapeake Bay, and can be found attached to docks or other hard substrates in protected areas of the subtidal, out to 60 feet deep.
	massbay.mit.edu /exoticspecies/exoticmaps/descriptions_intro.html (1758 words)

	collection Database on Introductions of Aquatic Species (DIAS), Overview (1)
		The database includes records of species introduced or transferred from one country to another.
		Users aware of other introductions of aquatic species not already included in the database or that have additional information on the records in the database are requested to fill in the Input Form.
		In the mid-1990s a questionnaire was sent to national experts to gather additional information on introductions and transfers of aquatic species in their countries.
	www.fao.org /figis/servlet/static?dom=collection&xml=dias.xml (238 words)

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