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Topic: Intron

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	Intron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Introns sometimes allow for alternative splicing of a gene, so that several different proteins that share some sections in common can be produced from a single gene.
		The discovery of introns led to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1993 for Phillip Allen Sharp and Richard J. Roberts.
		The introns-late model suggests instead that introns occur in the same location in variants of a given gene because the location is in some way predisposed to the introduction of an intron, and therefore that a similar intron pattern may arise in two different species by a form of convergent evolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intron (515 words)

	Intron
		In a gene, introns are DNA sections that don't encode part of the gene's protein and are spliced out of messenger RNA in processing; they are the opposite of exons, which are the parts that do code and are kept.
		Introns are often referred to as "junk DNA." In reality, we don't entirely understand how intron sections work.
		Introns are useful to a gene as crossover sections because they do not code for vital traits; instead, they function as blank areas that are safe to splice to.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Intron (226 words)

	intron - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about intron
		In genetics, a sequence of bases in DNA that carries no genetic information.
		Introns, discovered in 1977, make up approximately 98% of DNA (the rest is made up of exons).
		Introns may be present within genes but are removed during translation.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /intron (141 words)

	"Mass migration of a group I intron: Promiscuity on a grand scale " (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Not only is this the sole group I intron so far reported in the mtDNA of vascular plants (in contrast to the frequent presence of group II introns in plant mtDNA), it clearly is of a different evolutionary origin than the gene in which it resides.
		A second piece of evidence for sporadic and recurrent group I intron transfer is the noncongruent phylogenetic histories of the cox1 intron and of the organisms in which it resides.
		For intron homing to occur, both the intron-containing donor DNA and the intronless recipient DNA must be in the same physical location; the intron+ DNA must be satisfactorily transcribed; and the encoded endonuclease must be correctly translated.
	www.biotech-info.net /mass_migration.html (2185 words)

	Intron Summary
		We have found a wealth of spliceosomal introns in the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes of Euascomycetes fungi, making these organisms ideal for the study of a recent intron invasion into a family of genes that is otherwise universally free of spliceosomal introns.
		Despite this difference in the mechanism of insertion, the distribution of spliceosomal and group I introns is expected to reflect constraints on reverse-splicing due to rRNA primary, secondary, and tertiary structure.
		We will determine whether group I introns slide into sites that are in close proximity in the rRNA tertiary structure to test if there is a statistically significant relationship between the position of group I introns in phylogenetic trees and their insertion sites in folded rRNAs.
	www.biology.uiowa.edu /debweb/html/Introns-summary.php (743 words)

	Intron documentation.
		21 bp into intron and 3 means 3 bp into the exon.
		# $exon_end is the end of the exon which is 5' of the intron on the genomic sequence.
		# $exon_start is the start of the exon which is 3' of the intron on the genomic sequence.
	doc.bioperl.org /releases/bioperl-1.4/Bio/SeqFeature/Gene/Intron.html (197 words)

	Widespread Distribution of a Group I Intron and Its Three Deletion Derivatives in the Lysin Gene of Streptococcus ...
		Introns are regions which are transcribed and subsequently excised from the primary transcript by RNA splicing to generate
		An intron in the thymidylate synthase gene of Bacillus bacteriophage
		Unexpected abundance of self-splicing introns in the genome of bacteriophage Twort: introns in multiple genes, a single gene with three introns, and exon skipping by group I ribozymes.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/2/611 (5137 words)

	Peg-Intron (Peginterferon Alfa-2b)/Rebetol (Ribavirin) Combination Launched in U.S. for Chronic Hepatitis C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Peg-Intron is a longer-acting form of Intron A that uses proprietary Peg technology developed by Enzon, Inc. of Piscataway, New Jersey.
		Intron A is a recombinant version of naturally occurring alpha interferon, which has been shown to exert both antiviral and immunomodulatory effects.
		Rebetol monotherapy is not effective for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection and should not be used alone for this indication.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/207BC6.htm (964 words)

	Phylogenetic Mapping of Intron Positions: A Case Study of Translation Initiation Factor eIF2{gamma} -- Krauss et al. 22 ...
		The intron occupation rate is the relation between the sum of introns found in all analyzed genes in each cluster and the number of analyzed genes.
		Intron gains and losses as well as the Su(var)3-9 insertion in the intron 81-1 are shown.
		Intron sequences are shown in lowercase, and coded amino acid sequence is given beneath the exon sequences.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/22/1/74 (4076 words)

	Intron evolution as a population-genetic process -- Lynch 99 (9): 6118 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
		The establishment and retention of introns is a matter of survival in the face of opposing evolutionary forces.
		In the absence of NMD, the likelihood of intron sliding
		Thus, a parsimonious explanation for the rarity of introns in prokaryotes is that weak mutation pressure prevents the establishment
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/9/6118 (5270 words)

	PEG-Intron (Peginterferon alfa-2b) Package Insert
		PEG-Intron, peginterferon alfa-2b, is indicated for use alone or in combination with REBETOL (ribavirin, USP) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients with compensated liver disease who have not been previously treated with interferon alpha and are at least 18 years of age.
		160) neutralizing antibodies to PEG-Intron or INTRON A. The clinical and pathological significance of the appearance of serum neutralizing antibodies is unknown.
		In the PEG-Intron monotherapy trial the incidence of severe adverse events was 13% in the INTRON A group and 17% in the PEG-Intron groups.
	www.fda.gov /cder/foi/label/2001/pegsche080701LB.htm (5445 words)

	Remarkable Sequence Conservation of the Last Intron in the PKD1 Gene -- Rodova et al. 20 (10): 1669 -- Molecular ...
		Intron 45 of the PKD1 gene and intron 2 of the
		For the ClustalW analysis, the human and mouse introns were anchored with 30 nucleotides of flanking exon sequences on each side of the introns to facilitate the alignment of these poorly conserved sequences (only the intron sequences are shown).
		Footprints of primordial introns on the eukaryotic genome.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/10/1669 (3517 words)

	Group I Intron Homing in Bacillus Phages SPO1 and SP82: a Gene Conversion Event Initiated by a Nicking Homing ...
		for the presence or absence of the intron.
		The inheritance of the intron and the sus14 mutation are not
		Intron mobility in phage T4 occurs in the context of recombination-dependent DNA replication by way of multiple pathways.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/13/4307 (3847 words)

	Intron-A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Intron-A is an interferon used to treat certain types of leukemia, certain AIDS-related illnesses, and certain forms of hepatitis.
		Intron-A may also be used to treat other conditions as determined by your doctor.
		A team of Johns Hopkins researchers developed a new radiotracer--a radioactive substance that can be traced in the body--to visualize and quantify the brain's cannabinoid receptors by positron emission tomography (PET), opening a door to the development of new medications to treat drug dependence, obesity, depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Tourette syndrome.
	www.prescriptiondrugchat.com /showthread.php?t=1078 (285 words)

	Hepatitis C- Intron A (Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		INTRON® A (Interferon alfa-2b, recombinant) for Injection is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients 18 years of age or older with compensated liver disease who have a history of blood or blood-product exposure and/or are HCV antibody positive.
		Studies in these patients demonstrated that INTRON A therapy can produce meaningful effects on this disease, manifested by normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and reduction in liver necrosis and degeneration.
		All patients receiving INTRON A therapy experienced mild-to-moderate side effects.
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /hep_c/treat/introna.html (226 words)

	Intron Loss and Gain During Evolution of the Catalase Gene Family in Angiosperms -- Frugoli et al. 149 (1): 355 -- ...
		Intron Loss and Gain During Evolution of the Catalase Gene Family in Angiosperms -- Frugoli et al.
		Intron positions are reported in relation to amino acid sequence (see text).
		We suggest that a mechanism of concerted intron loss in which reverse transcription of a cellular mRNA, followed by partial gene replacement of the endogenous gene copy by an intronless cDNA, is a relatively common event during genomic evolution and has occured at least twice in the evolution of the grass catalase genes.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/149/1/355 (6093 words)

	Transcription: Introns, Exons and Splicing hn RNA
		Introns of nuclear genes have termination codons in all three reading frames.
		Introns have been found in eukaryotic mRNA, tRNA and rRNA, as well as chloroplast, mitochondrial and a phage of E.
		Some species will have an intron in a gene, but another species may not have an intron in the same gene.
	www.cc.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/mcclean/plsc731/transcript/transcript4.htm (462 words)

	Noncoding DNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Recent evidence suggests that "junk DNA" may in fact be employed by proteins created from coding DNA.
		An experiment concerning the relationship between introns and coded proteins provided evidence for a theory that "junk DNA" is just as important as coding DNA.
		This experiment consisted of damaging a portion of noncoding DNA in a plant which resulted in a significant change in the leaf structure because structural proteins depended on information contained in introns.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Noncoding_DNA (227 words)

	Welcome to Introna.com
		A (Interferon alfa-2b, recombinant) for Injection is an interferon used as a frontline treatment for a number of indications.
		INTRON A therapy has been approved for use in the treatment of malignant melanoma, hairy cell leukemia, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, condylomata acuminata, follicular (non-Hodgkin's) lymphoma, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
		There are a number of possible side effects associated with INTRON A therapy injections.
	www.introna.com /introna/index.jsp (275 words)

	Putative proteins related to group II intron reverse transcriptase/maturases are encoded by nuclear genes in higher ...
		Putative proteins related to group II intron reverse transcriptase/maturases are encoded by nuclear genes in higher plants
		mtDNA and L.lactis Ll.LtrB introns are intron-specific splicing
		Zimmerly,S., Guo,H., Eskes,R., Yang,J., Perlman,P.S. and Lambowitz,A.M. (1995) A group II intron RNA is a catalytic component of a DNA endonuclease involved in intron mobility.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/31/2/647 (3119 words)

	Intron gain and loss in the evolution of the conserved eukaryotic recombination machinery -- Hartung et al. 30 (23): ...
		Intron gain and loss in the evolution of the conserved eukaryotic recombination machinery -- Hartung et al.
		Intron gain and loss in the evolution of the conserved eukaryotic recombination machinery
		The introns are differentiated by colored bars as follows: conserved introns are shown as red bars; gained introns as fl bars; introns occurring only in animals and fungi as green bars; lost introns as blue circles; putative sliding events as orange bars marked with an asterisk; special cases as blue bars (see text for details).
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/23/5175 (4045 words)

	FDA Approves PEG-Intron/Rebetol Combination Therapy For Chronic Hepatitis C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the PEG-Intron and Rebetol combination therapy trial, the incidence of serious adverse events in the PEG-Intron/Rebetol groups was similar to that in the Intron A/Rebetol group.
		PEG-Intron, which is approved for dosing according to patient body weight, is the first and only pegylated interferon monotherapy approved for marketing in the United States.
		Rebetol was granted FDA approval on July 25, 2001, as a separately marketed product for use only in combination with Intron® A (interferon alfa-2b, recombinant) Injection.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/202FB2.htm (792 words)

	Intron Depot
		Also, the Intron Depot series will not include the Exon Depot full-color stories.
		I know that its price is a bit high (the first printing on July 17th, 1992 costs 2,400 yen), but it's really wonderful: 134 full color and 14 b/w pages, dimensions 210x285 mm.
		Intron Depot has been released on two CD-Roms called Intron Depot D (year 1996; code ISBN4-09-906561-8; price 6,800 yen; available for both Windows and Mac).
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Towers/1073/intron.htm (1289 words)

	Clinical Trial: Peg-Intron to Treat Plexiform Neurofibromas
		It will determine: 1) the optimal dose of PEG Intron for children and young adults with plexiform neurofibromas; 2) the side effects the drug; and 3) whether the drug shows any indication of being helpful in treating this disease.
		PEG Intron is a long-acting form of interferon-alfa-2b, a drug that is approved to treat certain diseases, such as chronic hepatitis C. PEG Intron may stop or reduce the growth of plexiform neurofibromas by blocking new blood vessel formation in the tumors.
		Treatment with PEG Intron will continue for two years unless there is evidence of disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or the subject requests that therapy be discontinued.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00156754 (1477 words)

	Newly Approved Drug Therapies (697): Peg-Intron (peginterferon alfa-2b), Schering-Plough
		Peg-Intron is a longer-acting formulation of Schering-Plough's Intron A, which is a recombinant version of a naturally occurring alpha interferon.
		In contrast to Intron A, which is administered three times weekly, Peg-Intron is administered subcutaneously once a week.
		Peg-Intron was evaluated in a randomized, controlled trial that included 1,219 adult subjects with chronic hepatitis C who were not previously treated with alpha interferon.
	www.centerwatch.com /patient/drugs/dru697.html (589 words)

	PEG-INTRON® treatment for hepatitis C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The National Institutes of Health has recognized that the highest response rates in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C have been achieved with combination therapy with ribavirin and pegylated alpha interferons.
		and INTRON® A, cause or aggravate fatal or life-threatening neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic, and infectious disorders.
		or INTRON A therapy must not be used by women, or male partners of women, who are or may become pregnant during therapy and during the 6 months after stopping therapy.
	www.pegintron.com /peg/application?namespace=main&origin=nav_left.jsp&event=content_display&event_input=response_rates&category=pegintron (1019 words)

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