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Topic: Invagination

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Mesoderm

Gastrula

Blastomere

Gastrulation

Cellular differentiation

Mammalian embryogenesis

Developmental biology

Embryology

Embryogenesis

Embryo

Cleavage

	Urban Dictionary: invagination
		By the third invagination, the Taliban suspect has already offered up three new accomplices.
		Even better, by the fourth invagination, he was no longer able to speak or make any noise at all.
		Last time we made out, she suggested invagination, and I agreed.
	www.urbandictionary.com /define.php?term=invagination (342 words)

	Method for esophageal invagination and devices useful therein - Patent 5088979
		The invagination device is introduced transorally into the esophagus, its engagement assembly is activated to place the needles in their extended position in engagement with the esophagus, and the engaged invagination device is advanced the toward the stomach to fold the attached esophagus beyond the gastroesophageal junction.
		The invagination device of claim 14 wherein said introducer guide includes means for facilitating the identification of the relative positioning of said invagination device within the esophagus, said position identifying means including an optical marking positioned at a predetermined position on the exterior of said guide.
		The invagination device of claim 22 wherein said introducer guide includes means for facilitating the identification of the relative positioning of said invagination device within the esophagus, said position identifying means including an optical marking positioned at a predetermined position on the exterior of said guide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5088979.html (5309 words)

	Btk family kinase at 29A
		This invagination delay is partly the result of an accumulation of G-actin in the salivary placodes, indicating that Tec29 is necessary for maintaining the equilibrium between monomeric actin (G-actin) and filamentous actin (F-actin) during invagination of the salivary placodes.
		Invagination of epithelial sheets is an important process during gastrulation of many organisms and the formation of tissues such as the vertebrate lung, gut, insect trachea and the salivary glands.
		During invagination, the cells specified to be particular tissues break down their cell adhesion with the rest of the epithelium, reorganize their cytoskeleton and apically constrict to ingress into the embryo.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/cytoskel/btk-tec1.htm (2832 words)

	Invagination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Invagination, in biology, can refer to a number of processes.
		One is one of the morphogenetic processes by which an embryo takes form, and is the initial step of gastrulation, the massive reorganization of the embryo from a simple spherical ball of cells, the blastula, into a multi-layered organism, with a differentiated endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.
		Another is the formation of a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis in animal cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Invagination (104 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		Autopsy demonstrated that invagination was due to an enormous coecal ulceration and the colon was beset with perhaps a dozen ulcers from the dimension of a dime to that of a silver dollar.
		In invagination blood occurs in the stool in 80 per cent of cases (especially children), and the vomiting is not violent, nor even always conspicuous, for the bowel is only partially occluded.
		The danger of invagination is sloughing of the apex or neck and consequent perforation and peritonitis.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/robinson/Rob1ch31.htm (11890 words)

	FlyMove - Gastrulation
		The separation of the three germ layers is achieved by means of the invagination of the presumptive mesoderm, the anterior and posterior midgut primordia and the hindgut anlagen.
		Invagination of the ventral furrow is initiated by apical constrictions of cells located in the middle of the mesodermal anlage (ventral plate).
		Invagination of the cells forming the endodermal anterior midgut occurs slightly later than that of the ventral furrow, and the invaginating cells undergo shape changes similar to those described above for the ventral furrow.
	flymove.uni-muenster.de /Processes/Gastrulation/GastrulTxt.html (357 words)

	Frontiers in Zoology \| Full text \| Secondary neurons are arrested in an immature state by formation of epithelial ...
		Although the invagination sites in the ventral neuroectoderm of the spider are generated in four subsequent waves over a time period of three days, the neural precursors detach form the apical surface at about the same time between 200 and 230 hours of development.
		After invagination of the individual neuroblasts that pioneer the frontal connective and recurrent nerve [14], three groups of cells invaginate from the stomatogastric nervous system primordium [15].
		In the spider, epithelial vesicles are formed by secondary invaginating cell groups, while in myriapods the whole central regions of the hemi-neuromeres sink into the embryo after invagination of individual groups of neural precursors [3,32].
	www.frontiersinzoology.com /content/1/1/3 (4824 words)

	Basilar invagination and atlanto-axial subluxation
		Basilar invagination and Basilar impression (we will use the term BI for both) are uncommon syndrome that occurs when the superior part of the odontoid (part of the C2 vertebrae) migrates upward.
		It may lead to static or dynamic stenosis of the foramen magnum, and compression of the medulla oblongata (lower brainstem) which is manifested clinically as sudden death due to fatal brainstem compression.
		Basilar invagination from rheumatoid arthritis is due to loss of axial supporting structures in the upper cervical spine.
	www.dizziness-and-balance.com /disorders/central/cerebellar/basilar%20invagination.htm (853 words)

	Upper Molar Dens in Dente - Case Report
		Dens in dente is an anomaly of development resulting from deepening or invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla, which begins at the crown and often extends to the root, before the calcification of the dental tissues.
		Type III, the invagination extends to the interior of the root, providing an opening to the periodontium, sometimes presenting another foramen in the apical region of the tooth (Oehlers, 1957).
		In Type II, the invagination is restricted to the interior of the root canal without reaching the apical region of the canal, ending in a single foramen.
	www.forp.usp.br /restauradora/Trabalhos/dens01.html (964 words)

	The RhoGAP crossveinless-c links trachealess and EGFR signaling to cell shape remodeling in Drosophila tracheal ...
		Invagination of a tracheal placode is observed either using consecutive sections from the surface of the epithelium into the placode (A,C,E,G) or a single perpendicular section through the middle of the placode together with schematic representations (B,D,F,H).
		the abnormal invaginating tracheal placodes in the absence of
		that Rho1 is the substrate for cv-c in tracheal invagination.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/20/13/1817?ijkey=242eb2dfaac967ad68989f3048f143f19376da1d (6395 words)

	Gastrulation in Ascidians - Observations
		As invagination begins, the nuclei start to make their descent, and another noticeable feature is that the basal surfaces are now wider than the apical surfaces of these endoderm cells.
		In the right most embryo, we see that once endoderm invagination is complete the apical surfaces are much narrower than the basal surfaces, and that the embryo has transformed from a ball to a bowl.
		These 3-D reconstructions from before and after invagination emphasize the concerted change in the shapes of individual endoderm cells: the apical surface is smaller than the basal surface of endoderm cells in the top row above, but after invagination the apical surface is much smaller than the basal surface.
	raven.zoology.washington.edu /celldynamics/courses/archive/2003gndcb/squirtweb/observations.html (1673 words)

	AANS.org \| Education and Meetings \| AANS Scientific Journals \| Neurosurgical Focus
		The authors analyzed the cases of 190 patients with basilar invagination that was diagnosed on the basis of criteria laid down in 1939 by Chamberlain to assess the appropriate surgical procedure.
		The definition of basilar invagination as being prolapse of the spine into the base of the skull, as suggested by von Torklus,[46] was only appropriate to Group I. In Group II, the clivus was invaginated along with the cervical spine into the posterior cranial fossa.
		In Group II, it appears that platybasia was as important as invagination of the odontoid process in causing the anterior concavity of the brainstem and in reducing the volume of the posterior fossa.
	aans.org /education/journal/neurosurgical/apr98/4-4-p1.asp?... (3653 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Surgery involved attempts to reduce the basilar invagination and restore the height of the 'collapsed' lateral mass by manual distraction of the facets of the atlas and axis and forced impaction of titanium spacers in the joint in addition to bone graft harvested from the iliac crest.
		The exposure of the joint in cases with basilar invagination was significantly difficult as it was rostrally located in relationship with the occipital bone.
		[9],[10],[11],[12] Basilar invagination is commonly associated with instability of the region and the complex results in a significant degree of neck pain and myelopathy adding considerably to the disability secondary to affection of other joints.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ni05075 (2033 words)

	AANS.org \| Education and Meetings \| AANS Scientific Journals \| Neurosurgical Focus
		In six patients with basilar invagination the medulla oblongata was herniated, all three occipital enchondral parts (the basiocciput, exocciput, and supraocciput) were significantly smaller than in the control group, and the volume ratio was significantly larger than that in the Chiari group without basilar invagination.
		Basilar invagination is associated with a more severe downward herniation of the hindbrain due to the more severely underdeveloped occipital enchondrium, which further exacerbates overcrowding of the posterior cranial fossa.
		Of the six patients with basilar invagination, four in whom the sphenooccipital synchondrosis was identified on MR imaging had a significantly short basiocciput (Fig.
	www.aans.org /education/journal/neurosurgical/nov96/1-5-p1.asp (3812 words)

	Pleural Disease in Silicosis: Pleural Thickening, Effusion, and Invagination -- Arakawa et al. 236 (2): 685 -- Radiology
		Pleural Disease in Silicosis: Pleural Thickening, Effusion, and Invagination
		Because the PMF is attached to the pleura, invagination was not identified as a thick band on the CT scans.
		Invagination of thickened pleura (arrows) into the mass is apparent.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/236/2/685 (5850 words)

	Gastrulation in Ascidians
		This sheet would hopefully exhibit the global pattern of invagination as a consequence of the local interactions and properties of individual endoderm cells.
		Invagination is a dynamic process by which the endoderm cells undergo a complete change in conformation to drive or accommodate invagination of the entire sheet.
		Many possible ideas have been suggested to describe mechanistically how the sheet of cells invaginates, and our task was to explore what is actually happening in these cells through experiments and observations.
	raven.zoology.washington.edu /celldynamics/courses/archive/2003gndcb/squirtweb/index.html (650 words)

	Craniovertebral realignment for basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation secondary to rheumatoid arthritis ...
		Reduction of the atlantoaxial dislocation and of basilar invagination and stabilization of the region was achieved by placement of bone graft and metal spacers within the joint and direct inter-articular plate and screw method of atlantoaxial fixation.
		[13],[14],[15],[16],[17] Basilar invagination is commonly associated with atlantoaxial dislocation and the complex results in a significant degree of neck pain and myelopathy adding considerably to the disability secondary to affection of other joints.
		Menezes et al[13] observed that traction in cases with basilar invagination and atlantoaxial subluxation results in a significant improvement in the craniovertebral alignments.
	www.neurologyindia.com /article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2004;volume=52;issue=3;spage=338;epage=341;aulast=Goel (2467 words)

	Reassessing the Role and Dynamics of Nonmuscle Myosin II during Furrow Formation in Early Drosophila Embryos -- Royou ...
		cycle of the syncytial blastoderm, is characterized by the invagination
		The fluorescence intensity at the front progressively increases and reaches a plateau at 30 min, the period corresponding to the slow phase of cellularization.
		Cytochalasin injection (bottom row) at 20 min only mildly affects furrow invagination, which progresses nearly as deeply as in the control, yet the myosin network is profoundly disrupted.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/2/838 (7645 words)

	Involvement of membrane-bound transglutaminase in the invagination of transferrin into rat reticulocyte plasma membrane. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Involvement of membrane-bound transglutaminase in the invagination of transferrin into rat reticulocyte plasma membrane.The invagination was blocked in the absence of ATP.
		The invagination was assessed by acid-resistance assay and antibody-inaccessibility assay.
		These results provide the first evidence for modification of protein by TGase accompanying the invagination of transferrin into the membrane, and suggest that membrane-bound TGase is involved in the invagination step of endocytosis.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/8168827.html (181 words)

	Invagination - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Craniovertebral realignment for basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.(Original Article) : An article from: Neurology India
		Case of invagination of the intestines;: Followed by the passage of a large piece of bowel by the rectum
		Glycogen utilization by the amphibian gastrula in relation to invagination and induction
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /invagination.htm (133 words)

	Chapter 14A. Gastrulation
		Primary invagination is thought to result from changes in the shape of cells in the vegetal plate.
		Secondary invagination involves the elongation of the archenteron across the blastocoel, where it attaches near the animal pole of the embryo.
		Secondary invagination is thought to involve filapodia extended by the secondary mesenchyme cells located at the tip of the archenteron.
	biology.kenyon.edu /courses/biol114/Chap14/Chapter_14A.html (790 words)

	Craniovertebral anomalies: Role for craniovertebral realignment Goel Atul Neurol India
		[4] The definition of basilar invagination of prolapse of the cervical spine into the base of the skull, as suggested by von Torklus,[9] was suitable for this group of patients.
		The procedure of distraction of the facets of the atlas and axis, placement of spacer and bone graft within the joint and its subsequent fixation was also used to treat cases of basilar invagination related to rheumatoid disease[17] and cases with fixed atlantoaxial dislocation without any basilar invagination.
		The fact that there was a remarkable clinical improvement following the reduction of the atlantoaxial dislocation and of basilar invagination, it appears that the complex of atlantoaxial dislocation, basilar invagination and syringomyelia are probably secondary to the primary craniovertebral instability.
	www.neurologyindia.com /article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2004;volume=52;issue=4;spage=427;epage=429;aulast=Goel (1908 words)

	The Role of Dynamin and Its Binding Partners in Coated Pit Invagination and Scission -- Hill et al. 152 (2): 309 -- The ...
		GTP binding and hydrolysis are required for the late stages of coated pit invagination.
		In this model, dynamin is recruited to participate in both the late stages of invagination and scission.
		Dynamin may increase the invagination of a coated pit such that avidin is excluded in a manner analogous to a ratchet where the energy of GTP hydrolysis is used to promote movement.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/152/2/309 (8282 words)

	Cell-free Reconstitution of Microautophagic Vacuole Invagination and Vesicle Formation -- Sattler and Mayer 151 (3): ...
		The frequency of vacuoles bearing a membrane invagination was determined.
		Luciferase sequestration as an assay for in vitro uptake.
		We conclude that the elementary reaction of invagination and
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/151/3/529 (6033 words)

	INVAGINATION - Definition
		(Biol.) The condition of an invaginated organ or part.
		Note: In embolic invagination, one half of the blastosphere is pushed in towards the other half, producing an embryonic form known as a gastrula.
		-- In epibolic invagination, a phenomenon in the development of some invertebrate ova, the epiblast appears to grow over or around the hypoblast.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/invagination (98 words)

	Biophysical Journal: invagination of excess surface area by shrinking neurons, The
		The model predicts that invaginations form at the cell-substratum interface under the influence of local osmosis, provided that adhesion across the gap is neither too tight nor too loose.
		To the extent that the shrinking cytoplasmic volume is compensated by the dilating invaginations, this would damp cell shape changes and preserve cell-cell contacts.
		In terms of neuronal subregions, it is known that discrete shrinkage-induced membrane invaginations develop at the adherent surfaces of growth cones, neuritic processes, and somata (Reuzeau et al., 1995); such invaginations have also been observed for hippocampal glial cells L. Mills and C. Morris (unpublished observation).
	www.24hourscholar.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200307/ai_n9283299 (1263 words)

	Gastrulation in Calcareous Sponges: In Search of Haeckel's Gastraea -- Leys and Eerkes-Medrano 45 (2): 342 -- ...
		first study: gastrulation by invagination of the posterior cells (iii) to form a bilayered juvenile (v).
		D, Ingression (iii) and invagination (iv) of the anterior cells at metamorphosis according to Metschnikoff (1874)
		The anterior ciliated cells have invaginated into the posterior cells forming a ‘hole’ in the basal side (arrow).
	icb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/45/2/342 (5387 words)

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