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Topic: Invasion of Canada 1775

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	WarMuseum.ca - Revolution Rejected: Canada and the American Revolution
		With it, the British attempted to strengthen their position in Canada by accommodating the seigneurs (landlords) and clergy, who they believed to be the natural leaders of the Canadiens.
		Canada's boundaries expanded westward to include the Great Lakes region and the “Indian Territory” between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
		Popular with Canada’s French-speaking elite, the Quebec Act ignored habitant (tenant farmer) concerns regarding attempts by seigneurs to raise rents and dominate rural communities and enraged Canada’s British merchants, who resented the lack of an elected assembly and recognition of French civil law.
	www.civilization.ca /cwm/expo/background_e.html (1970 words)

	force, strategy, military, still, method, large, political, country, Battle, usually, troops, support, supply - ...
		An invasion is a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government.
		Invasion by sea is the use of a body of water to facilitate the entry of armed forces into an area, often a landmass adjoining the body of water or an island.
		The 1066 invasion of England by William the Conqueror, and the decisive battle which won the war, the Battle of Hastings, were to have profound effects on the historical and societal development of Britain, and the English language itself.
	www.alphasearch.org /Invasion.html (4168 words)

	Canada. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Canada occupies all of North America N of the United States (and E of Alaska) except for Greenland and the French islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon.
		Canada is a federation of 10 provinces—Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia—and three territories—Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon Territory.
		During the Ice Age all of Canada was covered by a continental ice sheet that scoured and depressed the land surface, leaving a covering of glacial drift, depositional landforms, and innumerable lakes and rivers.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/Canada.html (4925 words)

	Invasion of Canada (1775) - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Invasion of Canada in 1775-1776 was the first, and perhaps the only major initiative by the Americans during the Revolutionary War.
		The conflict phase of the American Revolution began with the Battle of Lexington and Concord in the spring of 1775.
		In 1776, British forces in Canada were strengthened by troops under General John Burgoyne and Hessian mercenaries.
	www.music.us /education/I/Invasion-of-Canada-(1775).htm (0 words)

	WarMuseum.ca - Revolution Rejected: Canada and the American Revolution
		With it, the British attempted to strengthen their position in Canada by accommodating the seigneurs (landlords) and clergy, who they believed to be the natural leaders of the Canadiens.
		Canada's boundaries expanded westward to include the Great Lakes region and the “Indian Territory” between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
		Popular with Canada’s French-speaking elite, the Quebec Act ignored habitant (tenant farmer) concerns regarding attempts by seigneurs to raise rents and dominate rural communities and enraged Canada’s British merchants, who resented the lack of an elected assembly and recognition of French civil law.
	www.warmuseum.ca /cwm/expo/background_e.html (1970 words)

	Guy Carleton, Ist Baron of Dorchester
		The following year, 1775, Effingham made a speech to the House of Lords to the effect that, as an Englishman, he could not fight the residents of the thirteen colonies in America who had risen in rebellion against England and that he was resigning from the army.
		Carleton had associations with the 7th Foot at one of the most critical periods in his career in 1775 when after the outbreak of the American Revolution an invasion of Canada was launched in which Montréal was captured and Carleton was forced by General Reichard Montgomery’s forces to escape to Québec disguised as a peasant.
		In 1775 he was appointed Colonial Secretary in Lord North’s administration and was the minister responsible for the general conduct of the war against the American colonists and was considered largely to blame for the surrender of Gen. John Burgoyne’s British army at Saratoga, N.Y. in October 1777.
	freemasonry.bcy.ca /biography/carleton_g/guy_carleton.html (4254 words)

	Sir Guy Carleton - Lord Dorchester - Seven Years War - French and Indian War
		It was also through his agency that the American invasion of Canada in 1775-76 was defeated.
		His second term of office lasted until 1796, and was chiefly notable for the passage of the so-called Constitutional Act of 1791.
		A man of decidedly arbitrary and autocratic methods, he was yet perhaps the sort of pro-consul who was required to guide the destinies of Canada during the difficult and dangerous periods with which his two administrations coincided.
	faculty.marianopolis.edu /c.belanger/QuebecHistory/encyclopedia/SirGuyCarleton-LordDorchester-Wallace.htm (569 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In November 1775, Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia, issued a proclamation promising freedom to all slaves owned by Patriots who deserted and fought for the British; Sir Henry Clinton issued a similar edict in New York in 1779.
		The invasion of Canada ended as a disaster for the Americans, but Arnold's efforts in 1776 delayed a full-scale British counteroffensive until the Saratoga campaign of 1777.
		In the Ohio Country and the Illinois Country, the Virginia frontiersman George Rogers Clark attempted to neutralize British influence among the Ohio tribes by capturing the outposts of Kaskaskia and Vincennes in the summer of 1778.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=American_Revolutionary_War (6923 words)

	UELAC.org - A United Empire Loyalist's Bibliography - Part 8
		A State of the Expedition from Canada as Laid Before the House of Commons, by Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, and Verified by Evidence, with a Collection of Authentic Documents, and an Addition of Many Circumstances Which were Prevented from Appearing Before the House by the Prorogation of Parliament (London, 1780).
		The British Invasion From the North: The Campaigns of Generals Carleton and Burgoyne from Canada, 1776-1777, with the Journal of Lieut.
		Drake, Samuel A. Burgoyne's Invasion of 1777 with an Outline Sketch of the American Invasion of Canada, 1775-1776 (Boston, 1889).
	www.uelac.org /bibliography/bib08.php (3192 words)

	World History Blog: Quebec
		Revolution Rejected: Canada and the American Revolution, curated by staff historian Peter MacLeod, uses artifacts, a scale-model diorama, audio-visual material, maps, images and personal accounts to tell the story of the American invasion of Canada in 1775-1776 and the migration of American Loyalists to Canada after 1783.
		Canada, which has been inhabited by aboriginal peoples, known in Canada as the First Nations, for about 10,000 years, was first visited by Europeans around 1000, when the Vikings briefly settled at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.
		Canada's evolution to independence presents an interesting contrast to the American revolutionary beginnings, which may be examined in standard United States history courses.
	world-history-blog.blogspot.com /search/label/Quebec (1492 words)

	Guy Carleton, Ist Baron of Dorchester
		The following year, 1775, Effingham made a speech to the House of Lords to the effect that, as an Englishman, he could not fight the residents of the thirteen colonies in America who had risen in rebellion against England and that he was resigning from the army.
		Carleton had associations with the 7th Foot at one of the most critical periods in his career in 1775 when after the outbreak of the American Revolution an invasion of Canada was launched in which Montréal was captured and Carleton was forced by General Reichard Montgomery’s forces to escape to Québec disguised as a peasant.
		In 1775 he was appointed Colonial Secretary in Lord North’s administration and was the minister responsible for the general conduct of the war against the American colonists and was considered largely to blame for the surrender of Gen. John Burgoyne’s British army at Saratoga, N.Y. in October 1777.
	www.freemasonry.bcy.ca /biography/carleton_g/guy_carleton.html (4254 words)

	[No title]
		The British gained Canada and the regions east of the Mississippi River while Spain was compensated with the territories west of the Mississippi as they lost Florida to Great Britain.
		This allowed for the majority of the population of Canada to participate in the public affairs of the colony.
		The invasion was not "a mere matter of marching" as Thomas Jefferson thought, but actually Amercian forces failed bitterly in all of the three attempts to conquere the British colonies.
	web2.altmuehlnet.de /px5/facharbeit.doc (1352 words)

	The Battle of Quebec 1775
		The purpose of the invasion of Canada was in part to bring the Canadian population into the war on the American side.
		In late October 1775 Arnold arrived on Point Levis across the St Lawrence from Quebec, having lost a substantial part of his force on the punishing journey from New England.
		On 31st December 1775, with the addition of Montgomery’s troops, Arnold launched night attacks at either end of the city in a snowstorm.
	www.britishbattles.com /battle-of-quebec-1775.htm (0 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - SOLOMONS, LEVY: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Before going to Canada he had lived in Albany, N. Y., where he retained interests, and occasionally resided, almost until the close of his life.
		The valuable assistance Solomons had given the Revolutionists subjected him to punishment by the Canadian government; General Burgoyne expelled him in July, 1776; his property was confiscated, and he was compelled to take refuge with his family in Lachine.
		Solomons married (May 31, 1775) Rebekah Franks, daughter of Abraham Franks (one of the earliest Jewish settlers in Canada), and cousin of Col. David Salisbury Franks and Col. Isaac Franks, both of whom figured prominently in the American Revolutionary war.
	jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=957&letter=S (317 words)

	Canada Travel Information & Canada Tourist Guide By e CANADA HOTEL
		Those expecting Canada to be a blander counterpart of the USA should check their preconceptions at the door - Canada's wild northern frontier, which has etched itself into the national psyche, and its distinct patchwork of peoples have created a country that is decidedly different from its southern neighbor.
		A colonial raid on Quebec in 1775 was unsuccessful.
		Canada is so large, cyclists find it hard to cover much ground; most people use other forms of transport to move from region to region and keep their bikes for recreational cycling once they're there.
	www.ecanadahotel.com /info.html (0 words)

	Straight Dope Staff Report: Did Canada win the War of 1812?
		Similarly, the invasion of Canada wasn't a minor part of the war, but a crucial part of America's war plan.
		Whether America invaded Canada for tactical reasons or for land, the invasion was a threat to Canadian colonists.
		Berton, Pierre, The Invasion of Canada: 1812-1813 (1980)
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mwar1812.htm (0 words)

	Canadian Campaign
		In the spring of 1775, Fort Ticonderoga fell to the forces of Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, giving the rebels a hold on the strategic spot between lakes Champlain and George.
		It was hoped that an invasion of Canada by the Americans would ignite rebellion there and disrupt British war plans for invading the rebellious colonies.
		British strength in Canada was not great and it was decided not to contest the Americans at Montreal and instead remove their forces to the more easily defended fortress at Quebec.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h672.html (919 words)

	The American Revolution: Canadian Campaign
		The Invasion of Canada in 1775 was the first major military initiative by the United States during the American Revolutionary War.
		In 1775, the Continental Congress generally adopted Arnold’s plan for the invasion of Canada, but Arnold was not included in the command structure for the effort.
		The invasion of Canada ended as a disaster for the Americans, but Arnold’s improvised navy on Lake Champlain had the effect of delaying a full-scale British counter thrust until the Saratoga campaign of 1777.
	www.american-revolution-online.com /Campaigns/64/canadian-campaign (0 words)

	Papers of George Washington
		Chase and Runge's command of the sources leave little doubt that they are capable of such thoroughness, but their preface enunciates a policy of selectivity, focusing on documents that attracted Washington's personal attention.
		Departures from it, such as the invasion of Canada in 1775, usually came to grief.
		Washington's initial attempt to submerge colonial and regional distinctions in the army, his effort to instill a regular army style of discipline, and his ambition to build an officer corps imbued with both revolutionary ideals and professional competence met repeated frustrations.
	gwpapers.virginia.edu /project/reviews/jsh52.html (447 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Essays: The battle of lexington: The Battle of Lexington
		For the Revolutionaries the year was marked by the succesfull hemming in of the British at Boston, a very creditable performance at the battle of nearby Bunker Hill, the creation of a national army, and the invasion of Canada.
		At the same time major difficulties had been revealed in the new military force, while the invasion of Canada was not to be a triumph.
		The British war effort in 1775 was therefore too little, too late and narrowly focussed, though had Gage been successfull in his operations near Boston the consequnces of this would have been less serious.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/E/lexington/lexingxx.htm (781 words)

	References for Battles and Skirmishes in 1775
		Late News of the Excursions and Ravages of the King's Troops on the nineteenth of April 1775 as set forth in the Narrative of Lt. William Sutherland of His Majesty's 38th Regiment of Foot and of Richard Pope of the 47th Regiment.
		General Sir William Howe's Orderly Book at Charlestown, Boston and Halifax June 17, 1775 to 1776 26 May; to which is added the official abridgement of General Howe's correspondence with the English Government during the siege of Boston, and some military returns and now first printed from the original manuscripts.
		"Journal of the Siege from 1st Dec., 1775 by an Artillery Officer, as his Duties Appeared to be Chiefly on the Ramparts and in the Batteries of Quebec." In Historical Documents of the the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 8th Ser.
	www.revwar75.com /battles/ref1775.htm (2136 words)

	Simeon Thayer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He removed to Rhode Island in his youth, became an apprentice, served in the French war in 1756 with the Rhode Island troops and with Major Robert Rogers's rangers, and in 1757 was taken prisoner at Fort William Henry.
		In May, 1775, he was appointed captain by the Rhode Island assembly, and accompanied Benedict Arnold's expedition against Quebec, where he was made prisoner.
		He was promoted major, 1 January, 1777, and served with great credit in the defence of Red Bank and at Fort Mifflin, receiving for the latter a sword from the Rhode Island assembly in July.
	home.comcast.net /~fredra/Thayer.html (204 words)

	American Revolution - The Invasion of Canada and the Fall of Boston
		The Invasion of Canada and the Fall of Boston
		The major military operations of 1775 and early 1776 were not around Boston but in far-distant Canada, which the Americans tried to add as a fourteenth colony.
		To form a second prong to the invasion, Washington detached a force of 1,100 under Col. Benedict Arnold, including a contingent of riflemen under Capt. Daniel Morgan of Virginia, to proceed up the Kennebec River, across the wilds of Maine, and down the Chaudiere to join with Montgomery before Quebec.
	www.americanrevolution.com /AmRevInvasionCanada.htm (0 words)

	List of Conflicts - Canadawiki Canadian History Timeline Biography Library Quotes Aboriginal Society Culture Quiz ...
		November 13, 1775 - American Revolutionary War - Battle of Montreal as Americans under Richard Montgomery easily capture Montréal.
		December 31, 1775 - American Revolutionary War - Battle of Quebec (1775) - Americans Attack Quebec; Montgomery is killed.
		May 19, 1776 - American Revolutionary War - George Forster, with 40 regulars and 200 Indians, defeats 400 American invaders at the Battle of the Cedars, a rebel outpost 64 km west of Montréal.
	canadawiki.org /index.php/List_of_Conflicts (0 words)

	American Revolutionary War Champlain Canal Boat Trip Cruise
		In the spring of 1777, British General Burgoyne devised a three-pronged invasion to divide the colonies along the Champlain and Hudson valleys.
		The invasion would come from Canada in the north, New York City in the south and Lake Ontario in the west.
		Fort Ann was the source of significant resistance to Burgoyne’s invasion in 1777.
	www.revolutionaryday.com /champlaincanal (879 words)

	Amazon.com: Quebec 1775: The American invasion of Canada (Campaign): Books: Brendan Morrissey,Adam Hook
		The invasion of Canada (or more accurately the Province of Quebec) by the forces of Congress is one of the strangest incidents in an unusual conflict.
		Yet it is pretty obvious that the British army in Canada had gotten into a peacetime rut after nine years of quiet garrison duty in Montreal and neither the troops or commanders were up to the demands of mobile warfare.
		With the loss of Montreal and nearly 70% of the British regulars in Canada at the cost of fewer than 200 American casualties, the British were on the verge of losing in weeks what had taken years of hard fighting to conquer in the Seven Years War.
	www.amazon.com /Quebec-1775-American-invasion-Campaign/dp/184176681X (0 words)

	Revolutionary War Campaigns: Quebec Campaign
		The invasion of Canada in 1775-76 was the first major military initiative by the Americans during the Revolutionary War.
		Consequently, a 2-pronged invasion of Canada was launched in the early fall of 1775.
		Philip Schuyler, commander of the Northern Department, to mount an invasion to drive British forces from Canada.
	www.myrevolutionarywar.com /campaigns/1775-canada.htm (0 words)

	Peter Gansevoort: Encyclopedia II - Peter Gansevoort - Invasion of Canada 1775-1776
		He joined the Continental Army and was made a Major on June 30, 1775 and served as a field commander in the 2nd New York Regiment.
		Colonel Peter Yates was the primary field commander, but remained as post commander of Fort George when Major Gansevoort led much of the regiment north with Montgomery's forces for the Invasion of Canada.
		By the spring of 1776 the invasion fell apart at Quebec; Montgomery had been killed, and Benedict Arnold was wounded.
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/Peter_Gansevoort_-_Invasion_of_Canada_1775-1776/id/5373462 (0 words)

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