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Topic: Invention of the telephone

	Telephone - MSN Encarta
		Since the telephone in New York City does not know whether it is connected to a telephone next door or to one in Hong Kong, the amount of energy put on the line is not different in either case.
		The history of the invention of the telephone is a stormy one.
		The invention at the end of the 19th century of the loading coil (a coil of copper wire wound on an iron core and connected to the cable every mile or so) increased the speaking range to approximately 1,000 miles.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569402_3/Telephone.html (2736 words)

	Invention of the telephone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The history of the invention of the telephone is a confusing morass of claims and counterclaims, further worsened by the huge mass of lawsuits which hoped to resolve the patent claims of individuals.
		The lover's telephone (or string telephone) has also been known for centuries, connecting two diaphragms with string or wire which transmits the sound from one to the other by vibrations along the string and not through electric current.
		The primitive telephone was rapidly un-improved, the double electromagnet being replaced by a single bar tender having a small coil or bobbin of fire wire surrounding one pool, in front of which a thin disc of ferrotype is fixed in a circular mouthpiece, and serves as a combined membrane and armature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Invention_of_the_telephone (3012 words)

	Telephone - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		During this time, telephone sets were never sold to the customer—they were leased as part of an overall service package that included the telephone, the connecting lines to the exchange, and the capability of calling other customers.
		In this way, the telephone company was responsible for any problems, whether they arose from equipment failures, damage to exposed wires, or even the conduct of operators on their job.
		In other countries, until the 1990s, most of the telephone companies were owned by each nation’s central government and operated as part of the post office, an arrangement that inevitably led to tight control.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761569402___27/Telephone.html (1857 words)

	Telephone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unlike a mobile phone, a cordless telephone is considered to be landline because it is only useable within a short distance of a small personal or domestic base station connected to a fixed phone line.
		The very early history of the telephone is a confusing morass of claim and counterclaim, which was not clarified by the huge mass of lawsuits which hoped to resolve the patent claims of individuals.
		The modern telephone is the result of work done by many hands, all worthy of recognition of their addition to the field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Telephone (1996 words)

	A History of the Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The principle of the telephone was uncovered in 1874, but it was the unique combination of electricity and voice that led to Bell’s actual invention of the telephone in 1876.
		Consumer demand for telephones had outstripped the ability of the telephone system to supply all of the required numbers, which were restricted by the alpha-numeric combinations in place for decades.
		Electrical telephone signals are fed into tiny semiconductor lasers, which produce pulses of light in response to incoming signals and are bounced down the inside of extremely thin glass fibers.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Engineering_Graphics/2002/telephone/history.htm (1157 words)

	telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This appears to be the basic design of the majority of telephones and telephone switchboards until automation became widely used in the 1920's.
		Dorothy who began work as a telephone operator in 1919 in Whitefish, Montana explains, "It was every operator's dream that...she would open all the keys on a busy board, yell 'To hell with you,' pull all the plugs, and march out in triumph, leaving everything in total chaos" (Johnson p71).
		He bitterly suspected the telephone operator (in which one account claims to be the wife of the competition) of sending his calls to the rival undertaker.
	www.lclark.edu /~soan221/99wlc/telephone.htm (2975 words)

	History and Development of the Telephone
		The very early history of the telephone is a confusing morass of claim and counterclaim, which was not clarified by the huge mass of lawsuits which hoped to resolve the patent claims of individuals.
		Invention of the telephone for a discussion of each of the critical technologies and their inventors.
		The primitive telephone was rapidly improved, the double electromagnet being replaced by a single bar magnet having a small coil or bobbin of fine wire surrounding one pole, in front of which a thin disc of ferrotype is fixed in a circular mouthpiece, and serves as a combined membrane and armature.
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/telephone.htm (3488 words)

	Telephone
		The telegraph and telephone are both wire-based electrical systems, and Alexander Graham Bell's success with the telephone came as a direct result of his attempts to improve the telegraph.
		Born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Graham Bell was the son and grandson of authorities in elocution and the correction of speech.
		Bell's unceasing scientific curiosity led to invention of the photophone, to significant commercial improvements in Thomas Edison's phonograph, and to development of his own flying machine just six years after the Wright Brothers launched their plane at Kitty Hawk.
	library.thinkquest.org /04oct/01649/telephone.htm (1059 words)

	130 Years of the Telephone - BellSouth Interconnection Services
		Below highlights important milestones in the invention of the telephone and the continual evolution of voice and data transmission.
		A telephone would not sit on the President's desk until Herbert Hoover was President in 1929 - 53 years after the invention of the telephone.
		Atlanta's first telephone arrived and was installed in the new 'Atlanta Railroad Depot' connecting it to the dispatcher's office in the 'Western and Atlantic Railroad' building nearby.
	interconnection.bellsouth.com /info_and_events/phonehistory.html (1467 words)

	How does a Telephone Work? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The telephone was created through the cross-pollination of two fields of study - electricity and acoustics.
		Although the invention of the telephone is usually credited to Alexander Graham Bell, many inventors were working on the problem throughout the 1860s and 1870s, most notably Elisha Gray, who filed a patent application for the same device only a few hours after Bell did.
		A telephone mouthpiece contains a thin metallic coating separated from an electrode by a thin barrier (today we use plastic) which connects to a wire carrying an electric current.
	www.wisegeek.com /how-does-a-telephone-work.htm (566 words)

	Invention of the Phonograph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Although the phonograph was an original invention, it did not rise out of a vacuum It was the son of a marriage between the telephone and the telegraph.
		At that time it was not clear how the new invention of the telephone would be used practically.
		This Edison invention used a stylus (basically a needle) to indent paper with the dots and dashes from a telegraph signal.
	www.ushistory.net /toc/phono.html (961 words)

	The invention of the telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The telephone that Bell invented was a single device comprised of a transmitter and receiver with only one hole for both purposes.
		Bell's telephone featured a thin iron diaphragm that was placed extremely close to an electromagnet.
		Bell's telephone was successfully used in October 1876 to make the first long distance, two-way telephone conversation between Boston and Cambridge, Massachusetts, a distance of 3 km.
	d-training.aots.or.jp /ioe/ioe2-2.html (337 words)

	The early history of the telephone.
		In the telephone invented in 1860 by Reis this principle was applied.
		Professor Bohn says that in the early experiments of 1864 the son of Privy Councillor Jhering of Giessen was found to be a better speaker through the telephone than most other persons, and that it was easy to distinguish the voice of a boy from that of a girl.
		In contradistinction to the Reis telephone, these were very good at mimicking in nuances of vowel sound in the West African native languages.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Personal/D.Jefferies/telephone.html (2291 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone grew out of his research into ways to improve the telegraph.
		These included 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for hydroairplanes, and two for a selenium cell.
		Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the inventor spent one year at a private school, two years at Edinburgh's Royal High School (from which he graduated at 14), and attended a few lectures at Edinburgh University and at University College in London, but he was largely family-trained and self-taught.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/11.htm (286 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / Inventing the Telephone—And Triggering All-Out Patent War
		March 7, moreover, was especially dear in the hearts of lawyers, a whole generation of whom received a career’s worth of employment in court testing the strength of the Bell telephone patent.
		Once the telephone was established as a business proposition, the patent infringement lawsuits began in earnest; eventually, there were 600 of them.
		So was Thomas Edison, who had invented a working telephone before Bell, though he had not patented it as such; in the meantime he had refined the telephone in so many ways that he, too, claimed Bell’s patent to be flawed.
	www.americanheritage.com /events/articles/web/20060307-alexander-graham-bell-telephone-patent-telegraph-elisha-gray-thomas-watson-gardiner-hubbard-western-union-thomas-edison.shtml (1362 words)

	Communication: The Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		His vision of the telephone was a harmonic telegraph that would make it possible to transmit several telegraph messages over the same line.
		A telephone is a handheld device with two receivers: an earpiece and a mouthpiece.
		Telephones come in all different shapes and sizes ranging from a traditional phone (two pieces) to untraditional phones such as a high heel shoe or a basketball.
	www.uta.edu /english/hawk/syllabi/virtua/subculture/ryan/tele.htm (653 words)

	UMass Lowell - NY Times Historical Archived Articles: Invention of the Telephone 1874 - 1911
		"The telephone may be briefly described as an electrical contrivance for reproducing in distant places the tones and articulations of a speaker's voice." Alexander Graham Bell, 1877.
		Telegraphy - New Inventions in the Science of Electrical Transmission.
		The Telephone; History of the Instrument and its Inventor.
	library.uml.edu /resourceguide/NYTimes_telephone.htm (112 words)

	Meucci, Gray, Reis, Bell, History of the Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The invention of the telephone has a long intriguing and contested history.
		In Italy, Meucci is recognized as the inventor of the telephone.
		The telephone is the single most significant invention in the modern era bringing the world closer together.
	www.telecost.com /news_the_history_of_the_telephone.htm (772 words)

	3. News and Entertainment by Telephone (1876-1925)
		Moreover, as Time by Telephone explained, the special signals could be selectively blocked for persons not paying for the service by "an attachment called the confuser".
		Telephone News and Comment from the June 3, 1897 Electrical Review, which included a short notice about activities in Mobile, Alabama, including "'phone parties", where "a number of subscribers are all connected in one circuit, and can fire away as if all in one room".
		William Maver, Jr's Widening Applications of the Telephone, from the February, 1907 Cassier's Magazine, which noted in some rural areas it was the practice for the local phone company to set up "general calls" for such things as "musicales" and regular evening transmissions of time, weather, news, and market reports.
	earlyradiohistory.us /sec003.htm (2163 words)

	The Invention of the Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexander Graham Bell is generally acknowledged as the inventor (1876) of the telephone, although a number of other inventors in his day contributed to various aspects of the device.
		The switch hook determines whether or not current flows to the telephone, thereby signalling the central office that the telephone is in use.
		Telephone signals from a home or business are carried over a twisted pair of copper wires, called the local loop, to a centrally located local office.
	www.odonel.k12.nf.ca /teched/wheeler.html (348 words)

	Alexander Graham Bell by Donald M. Parrish, Jr.
		His deep and fundamental knowledge of speech would be the key to the insights which made the invention of the telephone possible.
		This invention symmetrically balanced Edison's invention of the carbon microphone, a major improvement in the telephone.
		Bell was the father of the telephone; he was the uncle of sound reproduction.
	pages.prodigy.net /parrish/EssayBell.html (1358 words)

	A Capsule History of the Bell System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		But, before examining the invention, it would be well to take a good look at the man who came up with it, for the man who invented the telephone was most influential in setting the life-style of the corporation which later carried his name.
		It was in the course of one of these demonstrations that Watson built the first telephone booth, constructed of blankets and barrel hoops, to protect the tender ears of his fellow-tenants from his amateur trumpet-playing and singing.
		The Bell companies were operating the telephones, at varying degrees of efficiency, in nearly all large cities, leaving rural communities without service or with only one telephone, located down at the drugstore or at the livery stable along with the telegraph key.
	www.bellsystemmemorial.com /capsule_bell_system.html (17543 words)

	Telekom Austria - 1861 - Invention of the Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Telekom Austria - 1861 - Invention of the Telephone
		The first telephone call ever was conducted in 1876 between Boston and Cambridge via Bell's "articulating telephone“.
		The photo at the upper left is of a Bell telephone housed in wood with a bar magnet from the year 1880.
	telekom.at /Content.Node/unternehmen/geschichte/telefonie/1861_en.php (187 words)

	21st Century Masters - Alexander Graham Bell
		Bell is best known for his invention of the telephone.
		The invention of the telephone grew out of improvements Bell had made to the telegraph.
		Bell reasoned that it would be possible to pick up all the sounds of the human voice using an adaptation of the "harmonic telegraph." In 1875, along with his assistant Thomas A. Watson, Bell constructed instruments that transmitted recognizable voice-like sounds.
	www.21stcentury.co.uk /masters/ag_bell.asp (354 words)

	invention of television (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Inventions Inventions Home -invention of television Searching for the most up-to-date advice relating to invention of television.
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		Invention Of The Television Year Television Invented Finding the leading global television network places can be difficult.
	www.eliteinventions.com /inventionoftelevision (923 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Bell did not invent telephone, US rules
		Calling the Italian's career extraordinary and tragic, the resolution said his "teletrofono", demonstrated in New York in 1860, made him the inventor of the telephone in the place of Bell, who had access to Meucci's materials and who took out a patent 16 years later.
		"It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the life and achievements of Antonio Meucci should be recognised, and his work in the invention of the telephone should be acknowledged," the resolution stated.
		Meucci sued and was nearing victory - the supreme court agreed to hear the case and fraud charges were initiated against Bell - when the Florentine died in 1889.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,3604,738675,00.html (552 words)

	ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL INVENTOR OF THE TELEPHONE
		These included fourteen for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for hydroairplanes, and two for a selenium cell.
		His invention of the telephone was actually a device he was trying to create that would allow him to communicate with his wife and his deaf mother.
		Another of Bell's inventions was the photophone, a device enabling the transmission of sound over a beam of light, which he developed together with Charles Sumner Tainter.
	www.solarnavigator.net /inventors/alexander_graham_bell.htm (2391 words)

	Meucci: The Real Inventor of the Telephone
		On the past June 15th, 2002, the US Congress officially recognized that the italian inventor Antonio Meucci is to be credited for the invention of the telephone, and not Alexander G. Bell, as so far claimed.
		This was the end of a long controversy, started when a poor italian immigrant in New York sold the prototypes of his invention to a Telegraph company, that later gave them to Alexander G. Bell, who in turn patented the invention of the phone.
		Initially obsessed with medical uses of electricity, Meucci realized soon that one could transmit voice via wire, and between 1850 and 1862 he developed at least 30 different models of telephone, although he was too poor to protect his inventions with a patent (this would have costed him $250, that he did not have).
	www.dickran.net /history/meucci_bell.html (471 words)

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