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	Inverter (electrical) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Inverters are used in a wide range of applications, from small switched power supplies for a computer to large industrial applications to transport bulk power.
		Inverters are also used to provide a source of AC power from solar cell and fuel cell power supplies.
		Inverters are used to convert low frequency mains AC power to a higher frequency for use in induction heating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inverter_(electrical) (862 words)

	Logic gate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this article, the various types of logic gates are illustrated with drawings of their relay-and-switch implementations, although the reader should remember that these are electrically different from the semiconductor equivalents that are discussed later.
		Logic circuits are often classified in two groups: combinatorial logic, in which the outputs are continuous-time functions of the inputs, and sequential logic, in which the outputs depend on information stored by the circuits as well as on the inputs.
		The semiconductor logic gate, on the other hand, acts as a high-gain voltage amplifier, which sinks a tiny current at its input and produces a low-impedance voltage at its output.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Logic_gate (2593 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The gate of the third MOS transistor is driven from the output of the second logic gate and the gate of the fourth MOS transistor is driven from the output of the first inverter.
		The gate of the fifth MOS transistor is driven from the output of the first logic gate and the gate of the sixth MOS transistor is driven from the output of the second inverter.
		The gate of the seventh MOS transistor is driven from the output of the first inverter and the gate of the eighth MOS transistor is driven from the output of the second inverter.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/34348.980806&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6246 words)

	Inverter (logic gate) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In digital logic, an inverter is a logic gate which inverts the digital signal driven on its input.
		An inverter circuit outputs a voltage representing the opposite logic-level as its input.
		An inverter circuit serves as the basic logic gate to swap between those two voltage levels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inverter_(logic_gate) (437 words)

	Logic Gates
		This is an OR gate with the output inverted, as shown by the 'o' on the output.
		This is an EX-OR gate with the output inverted, as shown by the 'o' on the output.
		Logic gates are available on ICs which usually contain several gates of the same type, for example four 2-input NAND gates or three 3-input NAND gates.
	www.kpsec.freeuk.com /gates.htm (1422 words)

	Mixed Logic Sample
		The circle, or "bubble" on the output of the "AND" gate in Fig.
		However, both of the authors have presented mixed logic concepts to students in introductory and advanced digital courses and in all cases, once the students learned the basic concepts of mixed logic, they felt it was easy to follow and preferred the mixed logic approach to the positive logic methods.
		The mixed logic philosophy is not and should not be considered advanced, but rather an opportunity for the digital logic designer to provide to the end users design documentation with greater clarity, accuracy and comprehension of the digital logic design.
	et.nmsu.edu /~etti/fall96/electronics/mixlogii/mixlogii.html (2570 words)

	3. The logic gates
		Logic gates are constructed using a number of different semiconductor device types.
		3.2 The OR-gate: a diode logic (DL) gate
		This is a single gate which gives an output which is the opposite to the input: it inverts whatever signal appears at its input terminal.
	hagar.up.ac.za /catts/learner/andria/tme880dice3gates.html (650 words)

	What Is...a logic gate (a definition) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit.
		In most logic gates, the low state is approximately zero volts (0 V), while the high state is approximately five volts positive (+5 V).
		The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter.
	cs-people.bu.edu /dbuzan/cs101/logicgat.htm (430 words)

	Inverter (electrical) - Psychology Central
		An inverter is a circuit for converting direct current to alternating current.
		Simple inverters consist of an oscillator driving a transistor that is used to interrupt the incoming direct current to create a square wave.
		More efficient inverters use various tricks to try to get a reasonable sine wave at the transformer input, rather than relying on the transformer to smooth it.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Inverter (453 words)

	Basic Logic Gates
		If you are unsure about truth tables and need guidence on how go about drawning them for individual gates or logic circuits then use the truth table section link.
		The symbol is an OR gate with a small circle on the output.
		The symbol is an EXOR gate with a small circle on the output.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Projects/Labview/gatesfunc (718 words)

	Lessons In Electric Circuits -- Volume IV (Digital) - Chapter 3
		In this circuit, the final AND gate acts as a buffer for the output of the OR gate whenever the NAND gate's output is high, which it is for the first three input state combinations (00, 01, and 10).
		Logic gate circuits are designed to input and output only two types of signals: "high" (1) and "low" (0), as represented by a variable voltage: full power supply voltage for a "high" state and zero voltage for a "low" state.
		Given this mismatch, it is entirely possible for the TTL gate to output a valid "high" signal (valid, that is, according to the standards for TTL) that lies within the "uncertain" range for the CMOS input, and may be (falsely) interpreted as a "low" by the receiving gate.
	www.ibiblio.org /obp/electricCircuits/Digital/DIGI_3.html (11412 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		is affected by the size of the transistors in the gate (self-loading), the routing capacitance and the number and size of the driven transistors.
		Manipulate logic expressions to replace large fan-in gates with equivalent circuits composed of gates with smaller fan-ins.
		All complementary gates may be designed using a single row of n-transistors above or below a single row of p-transistors, aligned at common gate connections.
	www.cs.umbc.edu /~plusquel/vlsi/slides/chap5_1.html (728 words)

	Carbon Nanotube Inter- and Intramolecular Logic Gates
		The NOT gate is a fundamental one in that, along with the "AND" gate, it can be used to generate all other logic gates.
		To use a logical gate as part of a more complicated computing system, a gain (output/input ratio) of one is required.
		The intramolecular inverter presented here has a gain higher than one (1.6) and can thus be used to drive another gate or a more complicated logic circuit such as a ring oscillator.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtextd?nalefd/asap/html/nl015606f.html (1996 words)

	ELEC 101 Spring 2000, Lab Assignment 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In this lab we use the positive logic convention such that a low voltage (~0 volts) represents a logic 0 value and a high voltage (~5 volts) represents a logic 1 value.
		This latency is known as the propagation delay and is the time for a logic gate to sense a change on its inputs and produce the proper output.
		The output of a digital logic gate is always connected to the input of another digital logic gate.
	www.eg.bucknell.edu /~bsprunt/classes/elec_101/Labs/lab8/lab8.htm (1666 words)

	Inverter
		The purpose of the inverter is to change one logic level (HIGH / LOW) to the opposite logic level.
		The standard logic symbol for the inverter and a Venn diagram illustrating the relationship between the variables and the logic gate operation, are shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2, respectively.
		We generally express the logical operation of a gate with a truth table which lists all input combinations and the corresponding outputs.
	www.geocities.com /olenzb/inverter.htm (134 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Boolean Logic Works"
		There are three, five or seven simple gates that you need to learn about, depending on how you want to count them (you will see why in a moment).
		The final two gates that are sometimes added to the list are the XOR and XNOR gates, also known as "exclusive or" and "exclusive nor" gates, respectively.
		Since there is a well-understood symbol for XOR gates, it is generally easier to think of XOR as a "standard gate" and use it in the same way as AND and OR in circuit diagrams.
	computer.howstuffworks.com /boolean1.htm (532 words)

	Two-Input DTL NOR Gate
		Both the inverter and the NAND gate use a pull-up resistor in the base circuit of the transistor, and the preceding gate must actively pull the input down to logic 0 in order to override that behavior.
		It would have been possible to construct the NOR gate by using a Diode Logic OR gate followed by a transistor inverter, just as we used a DL AND gate as the input to the DTL NAND gate.
		By keeping the input circuitry and behavior of all gates the same, we ensure that the input characteristics of all gates will be consistent and easy to work with.
	www.play-hookey.com /digital/experiments/dtl_nor2.html (1396 words)

	TTL NOT Gate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The simplest form of digital logic gate is the inverter or Inverter/NOT gate.
		The Inverter/NOT gate is a logic element whose output is always opposite of its input state.
		Therefore, the Inverter/NOT gate has an output which is a compliment to the input.
	www.ziplink.net /users/teachcte/ttlnot.html (72 words)

	CMOS LOGIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Logic designers often call the CMOS negative supply VSS or VSS even if it is actually ground or GND.
		CMOS uses positive logic —VDD is logic '1' and VSS is logic '0'.
		Logic designers normally use the terms NAND gate and logic gate (or just gate), but I shall try to use the terms NAND cell and logic cell rather than NAND gate or logic gate in this chapter to avoid any possible confusion with the gate terminal of a transistor.
	www-ee.eng.hawaii.edu /~msmith/ASICs/HTML/Book/CH02/CH02.htm (572 words)

	CMOS Inverter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The circuit below is the simplest CMOS logic gate.
		The output is the opposite of the input - this gate inverts the input.
		Notice that always one of the transistor will be an open circuit and no current flows from the supply voltage to ground.
	thalia.spec.gmu.edu /~pparis/classes/notes_101/node104.html (132 words)

	IVOR CATT ARCHIVE \|The Exclusive-Or Element first published: COMPUTER DESIGN /FEBRUARY 1968 pp60/1
		As far as I can see, no concessions were made when choosing logic functions to the fact that the integrated circuit was a new environment, and new tradeoffs would apply.
		So if a family of logic elements is being designed using only one type, then the NOR or the NAND, which em-braces both the unbalanced function and the Inverter, is the proper choice to make, and the Balanced function (Exclusive-OR) rightly will not appear in the family.
		If a family of logic elements is being designed using more than one type, it looks as though the Balanced function (Exclusive-OR), as one of the three primary logic functions, has a strong claim to be included.
	www.ivorcatt.org /exclusive-or.htm (854 words)

	PH317 Lab 2 Logic Gate Const. [Text]
		CMOS logic gates typically have build-in protection diodes, making them much less vulnerable to damage from ESD than the power MOS transistors we used in the analog course.
		Construct an inverter using one gate of a 7400 or 74LS00 TTL Quad NAND I.C. as shown in the diagram below.
		Monitor the gate output with your logic probe or an input of your logic state indicator as you place your hand near the floating wire.
	www.mines.edu /Academic/courses/physics/phgn317/lab2/Lab2_02.htm (650 words)

	Introduction to Logic Gates \| Hardware Secrets
		The “N” letter on NOR stands for NOT, meaning that NOR logic gate is an OR gate with an inverter attached.
		Another way to understand NOR logic gate: its output will only be at “1” when all its inputs are at “0”.
		You need to use OR gates for the “extra” inputs (you can put them together to expand the number of inputs like shown on Figure 11) and a NOR gate for the “final” gate, see Figure 14.
	www.hardwaresecrets.com /article/237/6 (537 words)

	Book Reviews
		The objective of this textbook is to introduce the reader to the subject of power electronics, presenting the basic processes of efficient energy conversion by electronic means through the use of power semiconductor switches.
		It includes a complete analysis of controlled rectifier, chopper, inverter and cyclconverter circuits, as well as an analysis of solid-state control of dc and ac motors.
		Topics include magnetic materials selection for static inverters and converter transformers, transformer design tradeoffs, power supply transformer design, simplified cut core inductor design, toroidal powder core selection with dc current, window utilization factor, transformer-inductor efficiency and regulation and temperature rise, inductor design with no dc flux, current transformer design, and magnetic component test circuits.
	www.powerdesigners.com /InfoWeb/library/book_reviews.shtml (7790 words)

	diyAudio Forums - Output Impedance for Digital Logic Gate Chips?
		The most important thing is to make the output as close to 75 ohms resistive as possible.
		I know.......a lot of places use parallel inverters, but that method increases jitter.
		But anyway.......yes, the output impedance of the gate will raise it some.....probably to around 78 ohms.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=302066 (866 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : Technology : Electronics : The INVERTER
		This is sometimes called an inverting gate or NOT gate.
		You can make one (not a very good one) using one transistor and two resistors.
		In other words, the output is 1 if the input is NOT 1, hence the name NOT gate.
	www.saburchill.com /tech/electronics/elect018.html (88 words)

	Rogers' Research Publications
		S.H. Hur, C. Kocabas, A. Gaur, O.O. Park, M. Shim and J.A. Rogers, “Printed Thin Film Transistors and Complementary Logic Gates That Use Polymer Coated Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks,” Journal of Applied Physics 98, 114302 (2005).
		S.-H. Hur, M.-H. Yoon, A. Gaur, M. Shim, A. Facchetti, T.J. Marks and J.A. Rogers, “Organic Nanodielectrics for Low Voltage Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transistors and Complementary Logic Gates,” Journal of the American Chemical Society 127(40), 13808-13809 (2005).
		Lefenfeld, G. Blanchet and J.A. Rogers, “High performance contacts in plastic transistors and logic gates that use printed electrodes of DNNSA-PANI doped with single walled carbon nanotubes,” Advanced Materials, 15(14), 1188-1191 (2003).
	rogers.mse.uiuc.edu /publications.html (4922 words)

	FindChips.com Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		ST Logic Single/Dual Gate (74V1G/T, 74LX1G, 74V2G/T, 74LX) SOT-323 Single 2-Input AND
		ST Logic Single/Dual Gate (74V1G/T, 74LX1G, 74V2G/T, 74LX) SOT-323 Single Bus Buffer
		ST Logic Single/Dual Gate (74V1G/T, 74LX1G, 74V2G/T, 74LX) SOT-323 Single 2-Input OR View More
	www.findchips.com /avail?part=dft (710 words)

	Patents 5631788 - 5632041
		Patent 5631821: Cooling system for electric vehicle inverter system
		Patent 5631835: Apparatus for identifying containers from which refuse is collected and compiling a historical record of the containers
		Patent 5631859: Floating point arithmetic unit having logic for quad precision arithmetic
	www.everypatent.com /idx/pdir1930.html (8500 words)

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