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Topic: Investiture dispute

	investiture - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		investiture in feudalism, ceremony by which an overlord transferred a fief to a vassal or by which, in ecclesiastical law, an elected cleric received the pastoral ring and staff (the symbols of spiritual office) signifying the transfer of the office.
		Lay investiture was the term used for investiture of clerics by the king or emperor, a layman.
		On the 24thanniversary of Charles' investiture as Prince of Wales,Ian Parri asks...(Features)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-investit.html (863 words)

	Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the second Italian expedition, the opposition in Germany was gradually crushed and a general peace declared at Tribur, while the desire for a settlement of the investiture dispute was growing.
		In the Concordat of Worms, signed in September 1122, Henry renounced the right of investiture with ring and crozier, recognized the freedom of election of the clergy, and promised to restore all church property.
		The pope agreed to allow elections to take place in presence of the imperial envoys, and the investiture with the sceptre to be granted by the emperor as a symbol that the estates of the church were held under the crown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1482 words)

	Investiture Controversy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It began as a dispute in the 11th century between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Gregorian Papacy concerning who would control appointments of church officials (investiture).
		The controversy, undercutting the Imperial power established by the Salian Emperors, would eventually lead to nearly fifty years of civil war in Germany, the triumph of the great dukes and abbots, and the disintegration of the German empire, a condition from which it would not recover until the unification of Germany in the 19th century.
		Prior to the Investiture Controversy, the appointment of church officials, while theoretically a task of the Church, was in practice performed by secular authorities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Investiture_Controversy (1706 words)

	Gregory VII, Saint. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Gregory saw the root of all the evils afflicting the church in the practice of lay investiture, whereby abbacies and bishoprics became virtually the property of secular powers, who used them to their own advantage.
		In Germany, Henry IV joined with the nobles against the reform, and in a dispute with Gregory he was excommunicated (1076).
		During all his struggles Gregory kept a watchful eye on the developments of the church in Norway, Denmark, and in the new Slavic nations, and the troubles with the Saracens in the East led Gregory to conceive the first plan for a Crusade against the Turks.
	www.bartleby.com /65/gr/Gregory7.html (599 words)

	April 21st (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The subject of dispute was the heriot then usually paid to the king on the decease of the archbishop, Anselm refusing to give so large a sum as the king demanded.
		The prelates of the Church had been accustomed to receive from the hands of the sovereign the investiture of the ring and crozier, by which the temporalities of the see were understood to be conveyed.
		The dispute between the king and the pope was at last settled by mutual concession the secular sovereign being allowed the right of exacting homage, but not of investing, and Anselm returned to England in the autumn of 1106.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/april/21.htm (1918 words)

	HENRY V - Online Information article about HENRY V
		investiture, which had caused a serious dispute during the previous reign.
		confirmation of the king's right of investiture and a promise to crown him emperor.
		Meissen, two disputes in which his enemies were aided by Lothair of Saxony.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HEG_HIG/HENRY_V.html (1748 words)

	1dThornbu_E_ZZZcgt.html
		The investiture quarrel is the pragmatical consequence of the philosophico-theological 'dispute of universals'.
		Evidently, the Neoplatonic outcome of the dispute of universals is the basis of the harsh constitutional and political claims of a whole series of popes.
		There is a clear connection between the early 'identity dispute' (father and son identical), and the later 'dispute of universals' (God as the supreme term of generalisation existed prior to creation, prior to things).
	home.worldcom.ch /~negenter/223dThornbu_E.html (3394 words)

	History of Germany
		In the Investiture Dispute which began between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over appointments to ecclesiastical offices, the emperor was compelled to submit to the Pope at Canossa in 1077, after having been excommunicated.
		The consequences of the investiture dispute were a weakening of the Ottonian Reichskirche and a strengthening of the German secular princes.
		The dispute led to the Second War of Schleswig, in the course of which the Prussians, joined by Austria, defeated the Danes.
	www.travelgermanyplus.com /history.html (6970 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Once Christianity had gained a foothold, the Augustinian ideal of union of Church and State became widespread, and through the grants of princes the Church received an economic power, resulting in the development of an ecciesiastical as well as a secular aristocracy.
		Dispute over the nature of indulgences occasioned the revolt of Martin Luther, which was established by the burning of the papal Bull at Wittenberg, 10 December 1520.
		Political difficulties with France and the papacy prevented Charles V from adequately combating Lutheranism, and the general state of deterioration among the clergy facilitated a victory for the heretics and subsequent moral, intellectual, and social disorder, in spite of numerous cases of heroic resistance.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd03567.htm (718 words)

	Commendatory Abbot
		The most worthless persons were often made commendatory abbots, who in many cases brought about the temporal and spiritual ruin of the monasteries.
		When in 1122 the dispute concerning investiture was settled in favour of the church, the appointment of laymen as commendatory abbots and many other abuses were abolished.
		The abuses again increased while the popes resided at Avignon (1309-1377) and especially during the schism (1378-1417), when the popes, as well as the antipopes, gave numerous abbeys in commendam in order to increase the number of their adherents.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/a/abbot,commendatory.html (597 words)

	Investiture with Rings
		The tradition of investiture, the question of who performs the act of investiture, and the use of rings in investiture ceremonies in history
		The estates and honors which composed the ecclesiastical temporalities were considered to partake of the nature of fiefs; and, therefore, to require similar investiture from the chief lord.
		A Flemish nobleman was cured of a leprosy by drinking the water in which Auselm had washed his hands; and a ship, wherein he sailed, having a large hole in one of her planks, nevertheless took in no water so long as the holy man was on board.
	www.jjkent.com /articles/investiture-ring-history.htm (653 words)

	Matilda of Tuscany Summary
		Matilda of Tuscany (1046-1115) was a strong supporter of the papacy during the Investiture Controversy, who mediated at the famous meeting between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV at her ancestral castle of Canossa in 1077.
		Henry V effectively claimed all her territories when she died, leaving the popes to dispute with the emperors about the disposition of Matilda's grant of her alodial lands to the Church.
		Matilda, countess of Tuscany (1046 – July 24, 1115), called La Gran Contessa, was the principal Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the investiture controversy, and is one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments.
	www.bookrags.com /Matilda_of_Tuscany (2591 words)

	Scientology: Religion vs. State
		The European countries, on the other hand, had to first gradually free themselves from the aftermath of the medieval investiture struggles, from the dispute about the preeminence of the church and state.
		In Germany, they range from the collection of church taxes by the state to the theological faculty at public high schools, from the tendency of the state to protect matters of the church to the dispute over the granting of asylum by the church.
		It is the state which maintains, protects and regards religious freedom as an important contribution to the community; nowhere does the state lose sight of its liberal order to the appeal to religion or philosophy.
	www.lermanet.com /cisar/g60823ae.htm (889 words)

	investiture — FactMonster.com
		investiture: History of the Investiture Dispute - History of the Investiture Dispute When the struggle concerning investiture broke out (late 11th...
		investiture: Bibliography - Bibliography See R. Carlyle and A. Carlyle, A History of Medieval Political Theory in the...
		Investiture - Investiture (Latin, clothing in or putting on canonicals.) The admission to office is generally...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0825395.html (200 words)

	Prague - Pannenberg Paper
		The relativization of the claims of the secular order on the lives of individuals is exacerbated by the fact that the empire of God is, in its biblical description, considered in terms of political character: Only the coming rule of God will realize peace and justice among men-which is the task of all political systems.
		Again and again the temptation arose to treat the bishops as employees at the command of secular lords; conversely, the era of the investiture dispute demonstrated the Church' s temptation to claim dominion over royal and imperial powers.
		The resulting conflicts shook the foundations of the occidental cultures of the Middle Ages and opened the way for the independence of the political order, as was first shown in the absolutism of kings and princes in their respective territories.
	www.becketfund.org /other/Prague2000/PannenbergPaper.html (3263 words)

	Kentucky Law : Investiture: Investment in the Present and the Future
		Commonweal is a much more powerful concept with roots in natural justice meaning 'common good' or 'good of the community.' Commonwealth was an outgrowth of that term which has lost its more basic meaning with the passage of time.
		Our courts and our judges need/must be reminded that their authority comes from us and not from their robes and that they serve the people and not themselves.
		This investiture is purely apolitical since there is no campaign to be affected and no hidden agenda to be pursued.
	www.kentuckylawblog.com /2006/07/investiture_inv.html (752 words)

	Premysl Ottokar II
		Both before and after he became king of Bohemia in succession to his father in September 1253 Ottokar was involved in a dispute with Bela IV[?], king of Hungary, over the possession of Styria, which duchy had formerly been united with Austria.
		By an arrangement made in 1254 he surrendered part of it to Bela, but when the dispute was renewed he defeated the Hungarians in July 1260 near Kressenbrunn and secured the whole of Styria for himself, owing his formal investiture with Austria and Styria to the German king, Richard, Earl of Cornwall.
		The Czech king also led two expeditions against the Prussians and founded Königsberg (Czech: Královec), named upon him.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ot/Ottokar_II.html (465 words)

	schloesser-magazin.de: Alpirsbach Monastery - Monastery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		A small wooden oratory was consecrated as the temporary monastery church, and Kuno von St. Blasien, who came from a reform monastery, became the first Abbot of Alpirsbach.
		The early founding of the monastery by members of the aristocratic opposition to the central power of the Emperor took place before the backdrop of the great reform of Benedictine monasticism and the investiture dispute.
		On the one hand, the monasteries were to withdraw from their increasing secularization and renew itself in a religious spiritualization.
	www.schloesser-magazin.de /eng/objekte/alp/alp01e.php (645 words)

	notes2
		Canossa (January 1077)- Henry IV was excommunicated by the Pope for rejecting the ban on Lay Investiture.
		Philip arranged, after Boniface’s death for a French leader to be elected Pope and for the seat or “capital” of the Catholic Church to be moved from Rome to the French city of Avignon.
		The dispute and infighting between members of the church, however, did much to weaken Catholic authority in Western Europe (100 years later, 1517, would prove to be an even more important year- Martin Luther).
	users.gloryroad.net /~cmonte/WHnotes4.html (5195 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Paschal's Privilege (February 12, 1111)
		The Investiture dispute continued after Gregory VII died.
		One solution was suggested by thehe canonist Ivo of Chartres in 1097 - that it was fine for kings to invest bishops provided that they did not intend to give spiritual power but only secular estate.
		And so, most beloved son, king Henry,-now through our office, by the grace of God, emperor of the Romans,-we decree that those royal appurtenances are to be given back to thee and to thy kingdom which manifestly belonged to that kingdom in the time of Charles, Louis, and of thy other predecessors.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/paschal2-priv1.html (685 words)

	Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor Summary
		He was, like his father, a man of great ability who had to spend most of his reign in a struggle against the papacy over investiture and in the attempt to keep his unruly German nobles under some form of control.
		As for the Investiture Controversy itself, it dragged on until 1122, when a new pope, Calixtus I, negotiated a compromise settlement of the dispute with Henry called the Concordat of Worms.
		Though Henry was concerned during most of his reign with the struggle over investiture, he seems to have been particularly busy attempting to reassert his imperial authority in Germany itself.
	www.bookrags.com /Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1693 words)

	Palatine Counts and Dukes - Universitätsstadt Tübingen
		The name Tübingen indicates, like all other localities with "-ingen" that the settlement had been founded about one and a half thousand years ago by Alemanic tribes.
		But Tübingen was mentioned for the first time only in 1078, during the investiture dispute when King Heinrich IV besieged the Tübingen castle, the "castrum Alemannorum, quod Twingia vocatur", after his procession to Canossa.
		The builders of this castle – the Counts of Nagoldgau – named themselves "Counts of Tübingen" who achieved the laureateship of Palatine Counts in the middle of the 12th century, representatives of the Duke of Swabia.
	www.tuebingen.de /en/1560_6204.html (445 words)

	investiture - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Otto and his successors, known as Ottonians, followed Charlemagne in claiming the inheritance of the original Roman emperors.
		The origins of the Investiture Controversy date back at least to the Carolingian Empire.
		By the 10th century, it had become common practice to treat...
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=investiture (134 words)

	SUGER's Life of Louis the Fat
		As a distinguished and courageous defender of his father's kingdom, he provided for the needs of churches, and - a thing which went right against recent custom - worked for the peace of monks, labourers and the poor.
		Then there arose disputes over certain customs between Adam, the venerable abbot of St. Denis, and Burchard, the noble lord of Montmorency.
		Investiture with the staff and ring, since these things belong to the altar, is a usurpation of God's rights.
	falcon.arts.cornell.edu /prh3/408/texts/Sugervie.html (19546 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Anselm of Lucca the Younger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Due to a dispute over imperial investiture, he refused to accept the regalia of his office from Emperor Henry IV, but later gave in.
		Retired as a Benedictine monk to a Cluniac monastery at Polirone.
		Anselm retired to Canossa as spiritual director of Countess Matilda; reformed monasteries in her lands.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/sainta31.htm (127 words)

	Factmonster Search: investiture
		investiture, in feudalism, ceremony by which an overlord transferred a fief to a vassal or by...
		Investiture (Latin, clothing in or putting on canonicals.) The admission to office is generally...
		History of the Investiture Dispute When the struggle concerning investiture broke out (late 11th...
	www.factmonster.com /search?fr=fmtn&x=0&y=0&query=investiture (92 words)

	The Ecumenical Councils of the Roman Catholic Church
		It abolished the right claimed by lay princes, of investiture with ring and crosier to ecclesiastical benefices and dealt with church discipline and the recovery of the Holy Land from the infidels.
		ACTION: Called and ratified by Pope Callistus II, this council confirmed the Concordat of Worms (1122) between Emperor Henry V and Pope Callistus II, which secured that all elections of Bishops and Abbots should be made freely by the proper ecclesiastical authorities (electors).
		Regulated Papal elections by requiring a two-thirds vote of cardinals;Condemned Waldensiansim and Albigensiansim, a form of Manicheanism (an ancient heresy that held matter is evil and thus denied the Incarnation).
	truecatholic.bizland.com /Ecumenical_Councils.htm (5327 words)

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