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Topic: Io (moon)

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Galilean moons

Callisto (moon)

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Ganymede (moon)

Thebe (moon)

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	Io
		Io was a maiden who was loved by Zeus (Jupiter) and transformed into a heifer in a vain attempt to hide her from the jealous Hera.
		In contrast to most of the moons in the outer solar system, Io and Europa may be somewhat similar in bulk composition to the terrestrial planets, primarily composed of molten silicate rock.
		Io has an amazing variety of terrains: calderas up to several kilometers deep, lakes of molten sulfur (below right), mountains which are apparently NOT volcanoes (left), extensive flows hundreds of kilometers long of some low viscosity fluid (some form of sulfur?), and volcanic vents.
	www.seds.org /nineplanets/nineplanets/io.html (764 words)

	Wikinfo \| Io (moon) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Io is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter.
		Unlike most moons in the outer solar system, Io may be somewhat similar in bulk composition to the terrestrial planets, primarily composed of molten silicate rock.
		Io's surface is described as "young", as is the Earth's, since its surface has been heavily altered since most bodies in the solar system were created roughly 4.3 to 4.6 billion years ago.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Io_(moon) (829 words)

	Jupiters Moon Io (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Of the 17 moons it is the 5th closest to Jupiter, with a standoff distance of 421,600 km.
		Io is mostly made of sulfur, iron, and rocky material, which means that Io is nothing at all like the other icy satellites of Jupiter, and has had a very different evolution.
		Io was a priestess of the Greek goddess Hera.
	home.xtra.co.nz /hosts/Wingmakers/Io.html (1091 words)

	Sea and Sky's Tour of the Solar System: Io
		Io was discovered by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius in 1610 and is one of the four Galilean satellites.
		Io is without a doubt the most bizarre-looking object to be discovered by the Voyager spacecraft.
		Io is the only body in the solar system besides the Earth known to have active volcanoes.
	www.seasky.org /solarsystem/sky3f4.html (515 words)

	Io
		The third largest and fifth closest moon of Jupiter, and the innermost and densest Galilean satellite; also known Jupiter I. Although similar in diameter and density to our own Moon, Io is radically difference in appearance.
		The three moons are locked in resonant orbits such that Io orbits twice for each orbit of Europa which in turn orbits twice for each orbit of Ganymede.
		Io's biggest volcano, Loki, is the most powerful volcano in the Solar System and consistently gives out more heat than all of Earth’s volcanoes put together.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/I/Io.html (688 words)

	Io, Jupiter's Moon
		Io acts as an electrical generator as it moves through Jupiter's magnetic field, developing 400,000 volts across its diameter and generating an electric current of 3 million amperes that flows along the magnetic field to the planet's ionosphere.
		The interior characteristics of the moon are inferred from gravity field and magnetic field measurements by the Galileo spacecraft.
		Based on density, surface composition analysis, and gravity data, Io appears to be a rocky silicate rich body that has a dense iron, iron sulfide core that extends halfway to the surface with a partially melted silicate rich mantle, and a thin rocky crust.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/io.htm (1605 words)

	NASA Explorers News: A Close Look at Io (10/08/99)
		Io is the closest moon to Jupiter and its surface is covered with volcanoes, gigantic frosty plains, towering mountains and volcanic rings the size of California.
		Io has an amazing variety of terrains: calderas up to several kilometers deep, lakes of molten sulfur, mountains, volcanic vents, and extensive fluid flows that are hundreds of kilometers long made of some low viscosity substance, perhaps sulfur.
		Io's volcanoes are the hottest spots in the solar system with temperatures exceeding 1,800 K (1,527 C).
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /News/1999/News-IoVolcano.asp (919 words)

	Detailed information on Io a moon of Jupiter
		Io is the fifth of Jupiter's known satellites and the third largest; it is the innermost of the Galilean moons.
		Io has an amazing variety of terrain's: calderas up to several kilometres deep, lakes of molten sulphur mountains which are apparently NOT volcanoes, extensive flows hundreds of kilometres long of some low viscosity fluid (some form of sulphur?), and volcanic vents.
		Visible in the image is a faint blue emission near the North Pole of Io, which is believed to be due to a volcanic plume erupting from the mountain known as Tvashtar.
	freespace.virgin.net /d.finn/lo-a-moon-of-jupiter.html (1122 words)

	PSR Discoveries:Hot Idea: Hot, Mushy Io
		If correct, Io gives us an opportunity to study processes that operate in huge, global magma systems, which scientists believe were important during the early history of the Moon and Earth, and possibly other planetary bodies as well.
		Current estimates of the density of Io's interior range from 3.148 to 3.878 grams per cubic centimeter, though the currently favored value is 3.280, closer to the mushy than to the solid interior.
		For example, Io is being heated continuously, so it does not allow formation of a crust by the floatation of low-density mineral grains, as happened on the Moon.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Feb00/IoMagmaOcean.html (1910 words)

	Io, Jupiter's Moon
		The Voyagers observed the eruption of nine volcanoes on Io altogether.
		Io's volcanoes are apparently due to heating of the satellite by tidal pumping.
		Io's radius is 1821 km, similar to the 1738 km radius of our Moon; Io has a metallic (iron, nickel) core (shown in gray) drawn to the correct relative size.
	www.solarviews.com /germ/io.htm (1515 words)

	Volcanic eruption on Jupiter's moon Io
		Three views of Io using adaptive optics on the Keck II telescope, juxtaposed with an image of the same hemisphere taken by the Galileo spacecraft.
		Io, one of four large Jovian moons, is highly volcanic with high-temperature eruptions similar to those common on Earth, indicating a similar silicon-rich composition.
		Io's volcanism has been monitored for the last eight years by the Galileo spacecraft and now, with the advent of adaptive optics systems, by Earth-bound astronomers.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2002/11/13_KeckII.html (920 words)

	GALILEAN MOON INTERIORS
		Io's rock or silicate shell extends to the surface, while the rock layers of Ganymede and Europa (drawn to correct relative scale) are in turn surrounded by shells of water in ice or liquid form (shown in blue and white and drawn to the correct relative scale).
		Io is the most geologically active body in the Solar System, and though it is less than a third of Earth's size, it generates twice as much heat as the Earth.
		During the spacecraft's flyby within 559 miles of the moon on Dec. 7, 1995, as Galileo passed by the moon on its way to enter orbit around Jupiter, precise measurements of the spacecraft's radio signal revealed small deviations in Galileo's trajectory caused by the effects of Io's own gravity field.
	www.pa.msu.edu /courses/1999fall/ISP205/sec-3/galilean_moons_interior.html (1539 words)

	PSR Discoveries: Mountains on Io
		Caught in a tug of war between the gravitational fields of Jupiter and the next moon out (Europa), Io is heated incessantly by tidal stresses.
		While the plains and vent-related materials have been attributed to volcanic activity, Io's mountains may not be mere volcanoes and their origin remains a hot topic of research.
		Io in 3-D from 3-D Tour of the Solar System by P. Schenk, D. Gwynn, and J. Tutor at the Lunar and Planetary Institute.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /April98/io.html (1198 words)

	Tidal Heating - Io: Jupiter’s Volcanic Moon
		But Io is too small to have left over accretional heat, and radioactive decay could not generate the tremendous energy required to power all of the volcanic activity that exists on the moon.
		Io, on the other hand, is a tiny moon which orbits very close to the giant planet.
		Io's volcanic activity is caused by the powerful force of Jupiter's gravity, coupled with the gravitational pull of Io's neighboring moons--Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede.
	www.planetaryexploration.net /jupiter/io/tidal_heating.html (322 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Moons: Io
		A bit larger than Earth's moon, Io is the third largest of Jupiter's moons, and the fifth one in distance from the planet.
		Sulfur dioxide is the primary constituent of a thin atmosphere on Io.
		Io's orbit, keeping it at more or less a cozy 422,000 kilometers (262,000 miles) from Jupiter, cuts across the planet's powerful magnetic lines of force, thus turning Io into a electric generator.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Io (530 words)

	Io
		As Io orbits Jupiter, these so-called "body tides" rise and fall due to subtle changes in Io's orbit which in turn are caused by the gravitational nudges from Europa and Ganymede, other moons of Jupiter.
		Auroras in Io's atmosphere is one likely result of the electron beams, they reported, and the two-way electron highway that the beams produce between Jupiter and Io must contribute to some of the auroras observed in Jupiter's atmosphere as well.
		Io is immersed in the Io plasma torus, a gas of ions of O and S and electrons originating from the satellite itself and trapped around its orbit by Jupiter's magnetic field.
	www.resa.net /nasa/io.htm (2418 words)

	Io: Moon On Fire :: Astrobiology Magazine - earth science - evolution distribution Origin of life universe - life ...
		In myth, Io got too close to Jupiter and suffered the wrath of the Olympian king by attracting the scorn of his wife.
		Most critical to astrobiologists studying Jupiter's moons, the eccentricity or oval shaped orbits of Jupiter's moons are pumped or oscillated by tidal forces as they orbit.
		Io's volcanic plumes top out the moon's local heat index, reaching temperatures in a plume of over 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, to over 4,000 degrees on the surface near a lava melt.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article648.html (1481 words)

	Jupiter Moon Io
		Io is the closest of the four largest moons of Jupiter.
		The first images of Io from the Voyager spacecraft were dramatic indeed, showing a surface with reds, browns and yellows in patterns which reminded one observer of a "giant pizza".
		The answer is that for Earth's moon, the tidal forces long ago brought it into a state of synchronous rotation with the Earth, so that the same side of the moon faces the Earth at all times.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solar/io.html (554 words)

	Io
		Of the 60 moons it is the 5th closest to Jupiter, with a standoff distance of 421,600 km.
		It is the only moon known to have active volcanism, which is visible on the surface.
		Io is mostly made of sulfur, iron, and rocky material, which means that Io is nothing at all like the other icy satellites of Jupiter, and has had a very different evolution.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/jupiter/moons/io.html (215 words)

	Io (mythology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Greek mythology, Io (IPA [ˈaɪoʊ] or [ˈiːoʊ]), (World Book «EYE oh»), was the daughter of Inachus, a river god (it should be noted that the early genealogy of the House of Argos is very confusing; depending on the source, Io had different parents).
		Io eventually crossed the path between Propontis and Black Sea, which thus took the name Bosporus (meaning ox passage), where she met Prometheus.
		Io escaped across the Ionian Sea to Egypt, where she was restored to human form by Zeus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Io_(mythology) (403 words)

	Jupiter's Moon Io - Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The volcanic activity is driven by the flexing and squeezing of Io in response to tidal forces.
		Io is in an orbital resonance with Europa and Ganymede such that Io revolves around Jupiter four times for every two Europa orbits and every one Ganymede orbit.
		Because the moons tend to meet each other in the same places in their orbits, Io gets a repeated, synchronized tug from the other moons, which acts to pull its orbit into a slightly elliptical shape.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/our_solar_system/jupiter/io.html (385 words)

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