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	Iolo Morganwg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Iolo Morganwg (or Morgannwg in modern spelling) was the bardic name of Edward Williams (Llancarfan, Glamorgan, Wales 1747-1826), an influential antiquarian, collector and literary forger.
		Iolo's philosophy represented a fusion of Christian and Arthurian influences, a proto-romanticism comparable to that of William Blake, the revived antiquarian enthusiasm for all things "Celtic", and such elements of bardic heritage as had genuinely survived among Welsh-language poets.
		Iolo was the author of the "Druid's Prayer" or "Gorsedd prayer" (Gweddi'r Derwydd or Gweddi'r Orsedd in Welsh), which is still a staple of the ritual of both gorseddau and Neo-Druidism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iolo_Morganwg (381 words)

	Project 6: Iolo Morganwg and the Romantic Tradition in Wales 1740-1918 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Iolo papers are a gold mine for those interested in the late eighteenth century and early decades of the nineteenth century, and not only in Welsh or Celtic studies.
		Her study of the 'survival' of ancient bardic wisdom (of which Iolo himself claimed to be the last direct heir) involves tackling some of his more esoteric interests: Sanskrit and Brahminism, ancient alphabets and palmistry.
		Iolo Morganwg's vision changed Welsh culture for ever, and his legacy is still to be reckoned with.
	www.wales.ac.uk /newpages/external/E4601.asp (525 words)

	GENUKI: Iolo Morganwg and the Rees Family of Gelligron
		In a letter of invitation to Iolo, Davies indicates that Josiah Rees is not convinced of the wisdom of publishing proposals for the establishment of such a Society.
		Iolo is asked to fix a price for all his manuscripts, and in addition the publishers promise to pay a certain sum monthly during the course of the work, and the remainder to be paid at its completion.
		Once again, Iolo Morganwg seems to emerge as a person dedicated to historical truth and painstaking research, and in all fairness it must be stated that he appears to have undertaken a great deal of work with a view to assisting the author of the Beauties.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/wal/Iolo.html (4513 words)

	Iolo Morganwg: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Iolo Morganwg (or Morgannwg in modern spelling) was the bardic name bardic name quick summary:
		It is as Iolo Morganwg that he is remembered, EHandler: no quick summary.
		The druids prayer (welsh: gweddir derwydd) or "gorsedd prayer" (gweddir orsedd) is a prayer composed by iolo morganwg which is still a staple in...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/io/iolo_morganwg.htm (1235 words)

	Llewellyn Encyclopedia: Neo-Druidism Since the 1700s
		Morganwg invented the coelbren y Beirdd, a primitive version of the modern Welsh alphabet of Latin letters designed for carving in wood.
		Morganwg must have been well-read in the classical commentaries, but unfortunately he knew nothing of Irish tradition, which had better preserved Druidic ways.
		Druidism is not Iolo Morganwg’s Bardism, nor the British-Israelite faith, nor Cabalism, nor neo-platonism, nor Pythagoreanism, nor Wiccans nor is it feminist Mother Goddess worship.
	www.llewellynencyclopedia.com /article/197 (1539 words)

	'History of the British Bards', Iolo Morganwg, front cover :: Gathering the Jewels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Iolo, however, declared that Druidism had survived in its purest form in Glamorgan, his birthplace.
		Iolo returned to Wales in 1795, and began collecting material for his magnum opus, 'The History of the British Bards', a book that would, he believed, explain all the history and learning of the Druids to the world.
		Iolo's papers were read voraciously by his disciples during the 19th century, and his forgeries were not exposed until the 20th century, through the scholarship of Griffith John Williams.
	www.gtj.org.uk /en/item1/14014 (549 words)

	The Digital Mirror - Manuscripts - History of the British Bards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Iolo was born in Llancarfan, the son of Edward and Anne Williams.
		Iolo said that he learnt to read by watching his father carve letters on gravestones.
		Iolo's papers were read voraciously by his admirers during the 19th century, and his forgeries were not exposed until the 20th century, through the scholarship of Professor Griffith John Williams.
	www.llgc.org.uk /drych/drych_s069.htm (545 words)

	Iolo Morgannwg - Wicipedia
		Ganed Iolo Morgannwg yn Edward Williams, yn 1747, ym mhentre Llancarfan, Morgannwg.
		Yn y can mlynedd ar ôl iddo farw (yn 1826) daeth enw Iolo Morgannwg yn destun llosg yng Nghymru, wrth i ysgolheigion cyfoesol ddatguddio faint o "ddarganfyddiadau" Iolo oedd, mewn gwirionedd, dyfeisiadau Iolo ei hun.
		Ond erbyn heddiw, er bod pawb yn derbyn mai ffugio y gwnaeth, mae defodau a seremonïau Iolo wedi ennill eu lle ym mywyd diwylliannol Cymru, ac mae Iolo ei hun wedi dod yn arwr i'r Cymry.
	cy.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edward_Williams (138 words)

	CISP - LTWIT/2
		Iolo Morganwg, 1798, reproduced in Allen/1893, 326: `I have already observed that the author of the additions to Camden takes notice only of the monumental stone behind the church erected by Samson to the memory of Iltutus [this stone].
		Iolo Morganwg, 1798, reproduced in Allen/1893, 326: `The stone inscribed to Iltutus is the shaft of an ancient cross, at the top of which the mortice still remains, into which the round stone on the top was by a tenon inserted, whereon the cross was sculptured'.
		Iolo Morganwg, 1798, reproduced in Allen/1893, 327: `i.e.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /archaeology/cisp/database/stone/ltwit_2.html (3782 words)

	A Rattleskull Genius: The Many Faces of Iolo Morganwg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Those who live outside Wales know precious little about Iolo Morganwg and the series is designed to appeal to scholars of the Romantic age and a wider audience beyond the confines of Wales.
		Iolo Morganwg is arguably the most extraordinary figure in the entire cultural history of Wales.
		Since his long and turbulent career unfolded against a backdrop of improvement, industrialization, evangelicalism, enlightenment and romanticism, it is not surprising that myriad Iolos emerged — the multi-gifted stonemason, the druidic bard, the labouring poet, the romantic myth-maker, the consummate forger, the political radical, the agricultural commentator, the apostle of anti-trinitarianism, and many others.
	www.uwp.co.uk /book_desc/1971.html (513 words)

	www.gwales.com - 094753122X, Combustible Matter: Iolo Morganwg and the Bristol Volcano
		It concerns a visit Iolo paid to Brandon Hill, near Bristol, in 1791 and the notes he made about the geology he had observed on the hill and in the vicinity.
		In what he wrote about Brandon Hill, the autodidact Iolo was under the influence of the Bristol poet Thomas Chatterton, another brilliant forger, whose own ‘cursory observations’ had been published earlier in the same year.
		Iolo’s knowledge of geology was profound and rooted in practical observation, and he had spent many long hours in the field collecting specimens and reading all the current books on the subject.
	www.gwales.com /goto/review/en/094753122X (458 words)

	CISP - LTWIT/3
		Iolo Morganwg, 1798, reproduced in Allen/1893, 326, 328--330: `I have already observed that the author of the additions to Camden takes notice only of the monumental stone behind the church erected by Samson to the memory of Iltutus [LTWIT/2].
		Iolo Morganwg, 1798, reproduced in Allen/1893, 330: `durable, silicious freestone'.
		Iolo Morganwg, 1798, reproduced in Allen/1893, 330: `The dimensions of this stone are, -- in height 9 ft.; at top, 1 ft. 7in.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /archaeology/cisp/database/stone/ltwit_3.html (2514 words)

	Iolomorganwg
		It must be said that the huge archive of papers and letters produced by Iolo Morganwg, now held in the National Library of Wales, is dangerously conducive to this tendency.
		There will be a note or a poem on it somewhere, scribbled on the back of an advertisement, or developed in an essay-draft or in a letter to a friend or a literary journal.
		A series of books is planned: Iolo’s correspondence, over three thousand letters, will be published in three volumes, and books on bardism, romantic forgery, politics and Iolo’s legacy are also underway.
	www.planetmagazine.org.uk /html/archive/Iolomorganwg.htm (731 words)

	Neopaganism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Neo-Druidism was established in the United Kingdom by Iolo Morganwg from 1792, and is considered by some to be the first Neopagan revival.
		These trends of pagan revival reached Germany in the late 19th century Völkisch movement, which was to become one of the main roots of 20th century Neopaganism.
		Some claims of continuity between Neopaganism and older forms of Paganism have been shown to be spurious, or outright false, as in the case of Iolo Morganwg's Druid's Prayer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neopaganism (4606 words)

	Cythrawl: the Cymric Embodiment of Evil
		The book — which claims to be the translation of manuscripts originally belonging to Llewellyn Siôn of Morganwg, which then came into the hands of Iolo Morgannwg who compilied the Siôn manuscript with other earlier manuscripts he had copied.
		What's more, Iolo Morganwg 'improved' the manuscript so that little of any use can be gleaned from Barddas.
		Iolo Morganwg's creation mythos of the world as a battle between god and cythrawl can be dismissed, but the ancient belief in Cythrawl as an embodiment of evil cannot be so easily dismissed.
	www.celtnet.org.uk /gods_c/cythrawl.html (267 words)

	Barddas I Index
		Iolo Morganwg (1747-1826), itinerant poet and scholar, was a key figure in the Druid revival of the 19th century.
		Iolo was a Welsh patriot and held revolutionary views; he was a personal friend of Tom Paine, and George Washington subscribed to his first volume of poetry.
		Iolo Morganwg, born Edward Williams, a native speaker of both English and Welsh, spent his entire life collecting and transcribing mediaeval Welsh documents, as well as writing poetry under his own byline.
	www.sacred-texts.com /neu/celt/bim1 (842 words)

	Archbishop of Canterbury becomes a Druid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was founded in 1792 by Iolo Morganwg, a stonemason, failed farmer and shipping magnate, revolutionary, sometime jailbird, laudanum addict, collector of medieval manuscripts, forger of same, poet and antiquarian.
		Given the belief, supported by history, that Druids, with their sub-groups, ovates and bards, were the centre of all cultural and artistic life in early Britain, it made perfect sense for Iolo to place them at the heart of his attempts to revive what he saw as the failing traditional culture of Wales.
		Thus, when Iolo and his friends gathered at Primrose Hill in London on June 21st, 1792, in a circle of pebbles Iolo brought from Wales in his pocket, they spoke prayers and sang hymns that were Christian in nature.
	www.druidorder.demon.co.uk /archie.htm (1268 words)

	This Month in Celtic History - July 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Though outshone by the memory of his father Edward Williams, (better known by his Welsh bardic name of Iolo Morganwg,) Taliesin Williams was a key figure in his own right in the Welsh linguistic and cultural revival of the late 1700s and early 1800s.
		Though a stonemason by trade, Iolo Morganwg’s true calling was the preservation of the literary heritage of Wales.
		Anxious to present the nation with a full body of native literature, Iolo sometimes fleshed out his discoveries with additions of his own, and sometimes, as scholars were beginning to suspect, produced outright forgeries, presenting his own creations as medieval bardic poetry.
	www.celticleague.org /history_7-02.html (548 words)

	Iolo Morganwg / 100 Welsh Heroes / 100 Arwyr Cymru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Iolo Morganwg / 100 Welsh Heroes / 100 Arwyr Cymru
		Better known by the bardic name of Iolo Morgannwg, Edward Williams was born in Llancarfan, near Cowbridge in Glamorgan.
		Was the creator of the Gorsedd bards which helped him to make the Eisteddfod of Wales.
	www.100welshheroes.com /en/biography/iolomorganwg (373 words)

	Cymdeithas Iolo
		Cymdeithas Iolo is the name of the School of Welsh’s student/staff society.
		Its aim is to provide a forum for staff and students of the School to get to know one another better outside the more formal context of the lecture room.
		The ‘Iolo’ in the society’s name is Iolo Morganwg (Edward Williams; 1747-1826), the colourful and perverse polymath from the Vale of Glamorgan who created the National Eisteddfod’s Gorsedd of Bards.
	www.cf.ac.uk /cymraeg/english/studyCardiff/iolo.shtml (92 words)

	Barddas
		Like portions of the Myvyrian Archaiology, it relied on manuscripts in the posession of Iolo Morgannwg, and thus must be considered suspect in their authenticity.
		The book--which claims to be the translation of manuscripts originally belonging to one Llewellyn Sion of Glamorgan, which then came into the hands of Iolo Morgannwg who compilied the Sion manuscript with other earlier manuscripts he had copied.
		It reiterates much of the first volume, but is more narrative in its nature, illustrating in stories of how, when Prydain ab Aedd conquered the island, he instituted bardism.
	www.maryjones.us /jce/barddas.html (572 words)

	UKBookworld.com old, rare and out-of-print book database
		8vo (Heavy) Iolo Morganwg (or Morgannwg in modern spelling) was the bardic name of Edward Williams (Llancarfan, Glamorgan, Wales 1747-1826), an influential antiquarian, collector and literary forger.
		The name is Welsh for "Ned of Glamorgan".It is as Iolo Morganwg that he is remembered, chiefly for his role in (re)creating modern bardic ritual and philosophy.
		The basis of his work was an imaginative recreation of Triads from the older collection compiled by Robert Vaughan of Hengwrt (1592-1667; see triads 1-46 in the previous entry), and published as the Myvyrian `First Series' of Trioedd Ynys Prydain.
	www.ukbookworld.com /cgi-bin/search.pl?s_i_DLR_ID=bks4u&s_i_keywords=Wales (1327 words)

	Barddas - Part One
		Had Iolo and some of his friends entered into a conspiracy to palm upon the public, as an ancient system, a theory of their own invention, they would doubtless have taken care that there should exist an exact agreement between the several parts of their joint production.
		Lastly, Iolo Morganwg refers to the actual existence of some of the documents, which he alleges to have copied, and gives, with very great minuteness, the address of the owner.
		Failing the attempt to convict Iolo Morganwg as a literary impostor, the sceptics of the present day profess to discover the sources in question in the Eisteddvodau, which were held subsequently to the beginning of the 15th century, more especially thoseof 1570, 1580, and 1681.
	www.tylwythteg.com /Barddas/barddas.html (12882 words)

	Iolo Morgannwg
		Williams was actually a collector and copier of manuscripts, however; some of the items found in his papers can be found in authentic manuscripts of various dates, such as a version of the Hanes Taliesin, and some poems.
		It is a peculiarity attaching to almost all of the documents which have emanated from the chair of Glamorgan, in other words, from Iolo Morganwg, that they are not to be found in any of the Welsh MSS.
		Williams was actually a rather gifted poet who understood his subject; if he had stayed on the straight and narrow, we may be thinking of him less as forger and more as a Blakeian visionary.
	www.maryjones.us /jce/iolo.html (1010 words)

	Folklore: Perceptions of the past in Welsh folklore studies - Research Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Here, too, the prevailing trend was to see Wales in a British rather than a Celtic context, despite Edward Lhuyd's seminal work on Celtic language (Lhuyd 1971; see also Daniel 19667, 345-59).
		Men like William Owen Pughe, the Morris Brothers of Anglesey, and Iolo Morganwg continued to validate contemporary Welsh culture by means of a created past which centred on the antiquity and continuing purity of both language and culture.(5) The Morris Brothers described the Gododdin in classical not Celtic terms "...
		Iolo Morganwg wrote to the Gentleman's Magazine in 1792 concerning an autumn equinox celebration on Primrose Hill:
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2386/is_v108/ai_20438239/pg_14 (431 words)

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