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Topic: Ion trap

	Matrix Science - Help - Quadrupole Ion Trap MS
		Ions may be gated into the trap through the use of a pulsing lens or through a combination of rf potentials applied to the ring electrode.
		Trapped ions are further focused toward the center of the trap through the use of an oscillating voltage, called the fundamental rf, applied to the ring electrode.
		An ion will be stably trapped depending upon the values for the mass and charge of the ion, the radial size of the ion trap (r), the oscillating frequency of the fundamental rf (w), and the amplitude of the voltage on the ring electrode (V).
	www.matrixscience.com /help/ion_trap_main_help.html (1619 words)

	Ion trap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ion trap is a combination of electric or magnetic fields that captures ions in a region of a vacuum system or tube.
		An ion trap mass spectrometer may incorporate a Paul trap or the Orbitrap introduced in 2005, and other types of mass spectrometers may also use a linear quadrupole ion trap as a selective mass filter.
		Ion traps were also used in early television receivers, prior to the introduction of aluminized CRT faces in approximately 1958.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ion_trap (214 words)

	Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry
		Trapped ions are further focused toward the center of the trap through the use of an oscillating potential, called the fundamental rf, applied to the ring electrode.
		An ion will be stably trapped depending upon the values for the mass and charge of the ion, the size of the ion trap (r), the oscillating frequency of the fundamental rf (w), and the amplitude of the voltage on the ring electrode (V).
		Ion Excitation and Ejection Ions oscillate with a frequency, known as the secular frequency, that is determined by the values for az and qz and by the frequency of the fundamental rf.
	www.abrf.org /ABRFNews/1996/September1996/sep96iontrap.html (4234 words)

	Quadrupole ion trap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A quadrupole ion trap (also known as a Paul trap, QIT, twisted quadrupole ion trap or sometimes just ion trap) refers to an ion trap that uses DC and radio frequency (RF) ~1 MHz oscillating AC electric fields to trap ions as well a mass spectrometer that uses such a trap to analyze ions.
		The ions are trapped in the space between these three electrodes by AC ~1 MHz and DC (non-oscillating, static) electric fields.
		Linear Ion Trap at the University of Calgary
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quadrupole_ion_trap (569 words)

	NIST: Physics Laboratory's - Quantum Information
		The starting point for quantum information at NIST was in 1995 when the Ion Storage Group demonstrated the first quantum-logic gate.
		The trap area is the horizontal opening near the center of the image.
		A schematic of an ion trap architecture that could possibly lead to a large scale ion-trap quantum computer.
	qubit.nist.gov (955 words)

	Chemical Ionization Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thus, the measurement of many complex organic compounds with the triple requires scanning a daughter, or at least part of a daughter ion spectrum, for each compound to be measured.
		The ion trap can then analyze both parent and daughter ion spectra from numerous compounds of interest in the remaining 15-30% measurement time.
		The ion trap mass spectrometer that we are developing at NCAR is being constructed in-house, and is unique by the measures that will be taken to improve ion throughput above that provided by commercial instruments.
	acd.ucar.edu /~jimsmith/POP/instruments_files/ion_trap.htm (432 words)

	Flat 'ion trap' holds quantum computing promise - tech - 07 July 2006 - New Scientist Tech
		Ions are trapped 40 microns above the surface of the chip.
		Ions are detected using fluorescence, with red indicating the greatest intensity, or the centres of the ions.
		Ion traps have so far proved the best way to make qubits, allowing up to eight to be connected together.
	www.newscientisttech.com /article/dn9502-flat-ion-trap-holds-quantum-computing-promise.html (614 words)

	Micro Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The micro ion traps we have been using are of cylindrical geometry, constructed of three stainless steel electrodes separated by insulating layers, as shown in the figure at right.
		The traps are operated in the mass-selective instability mode in the same manner as the larger conventional ion traps, but the voltage and frequency of the voltage on the ring electrode are different.
		From an analysis of the variation of the peak heights from scan to scan, we estimate that a lower limit of approximately 800 ions were trapped per scan.
	www.ornl.gov /lsm/microiontrapMS.html (338 words)

	Drug Discovery & Development
		Trapping the ions in linear trap promises some advantages, says Hager, such as simplicity of manufacturing, preferable ion-focusing geometry, increased signal-to-noise ratio, and assortment of manipulations with ions, including selective rejection of unwanted charged species.
		To capture ions in a free space, the 3D ion trap uses three hyperbolic electrodes consisting of two similar endcap electrodes and one ring electrode to which radio frequency (RF) potential is applied.
		Ion traps were extensively exploited in quantum physics to explore the unusual states of matter, like quantum crystals and quantum phase transitions.
	www.dddmag.com /ShowPR.aspx?PUBCODE=016&ACCT=1600000100&ISSUE=0407&RELTYPE=PR&ORIGRELTYPE=HTS&PRODCODE=00000000&PRODLETT=T (2292 words)

	New ion trap may lead to large quantum computers
		The new trap, described in the June 30 issue of Physical Review Letters,* may help scientists surmount what is currently the most significant barrier to building a working quantum computer--scaling up components and processes that have been successfully demonstrated individually.
		Ions (electrically charged atoms) are promising candidates for use as quantum bits (qubits) in quantum computers.
		The new NIST trap is the first functional ion trap in which all electrodes are arranged in one horizontal layer, a "chip-like" geometry that is much easier to manufacture than previous ion traps with two or three layers of electrodes.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-07/nios-nit070606.php (471 words)

	NIST Ion Storage Group (Site not responding. Last check: )
		High pseudopotential trap oscillation frequencies combined with laser cooling allow access to the Lamb-Dicke regime (where the spatial extent of the ion's motion is much less than the wavelength of laser light used to drive electronic transitions).
		The (dark) trap electrodes are shown clamped in the copper inner conductor.
		The inner part of the trap is the small white dot at the center of the assembly.
	tf.nist.gov /ion/qucomp/apparatus.htm (481 words)

	Imperial College London \| Department of Physics \| Quantum Optics and Laser Science
		The experimental work of the Ion Trap group is concerned with using laser-cooled trapped ions as a tool to perform experiments in quantum optics and fundamental physics.
		An ion trap is an electrode structure which holds ions at a well-defined position under ultra-high vacuum conditions for extended periods.
		Ions held in a Penning trap are not as well localised as they are in an rf trap and this has, in the past, been seen as a limitation of this trap.
	www.imperial.ac.uk /research/qols/research_areas/ion_traps.htm (554 words)

	Ion trap
		It is shown that information theory provides valuable concepts for the experimental use of ion traps, especially error correction, and conversely the ion trap provides a valuable link between information theory and physics, with attendant physical insights.
		This kinetic energy component has a minimum value for an ion at the centre of the trap (where the electric field is zero).
		The average effect is therefore confining: the oscillating field provides a minimum in total energy of the ion, at the trap centre.
	www.physics.ox.ac.uk /users/iontrap/iontrap1.html (575 words)

	The Molecular Physics Group (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There are several advantages to store an ion beam instead of an ion cloud, among them the fact that the direction of the ions is well defined in space, and the possibility to measure with a higher efficiency the reaction of the store ions with a laser beam or electron beam.
		The ions are injected through a stack of electrodes which are used as an electrostatic mirror, and are confined in a region of few centimeters to a meter, by a similar elecrostatic mirror, located on the opposite side.
		The trap, which is shown on the left, allows for trapping the ions on a bent trajectory.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /physics/molecule/trap.html (530 words)

	Ion trap in a semiconductor chip : Article : Nature Physics
		qubit ions in a radiofrequency linear ion trap
		The trap is fabricated from four alternating layers of aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) epitaxially grown on a GaAs substrate, as described in the Methods section and illustrated in Figs 1 and 2.
		The ion is imaged with a charge-coupled-device camera to a nearly diffraction-limited spot with f/2.1 optics, where f is the focal length, as displayed in Fig.
	www.nature.com /nphys/journal/v2/n1/full/nphys171.html (3504 words)

	NIST Ion Storage Group (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A collection of trapped ions has been shown to be an attractive architecture for a quantum computer (I. Cirac and P. Zoller, Innsbruck).
		ion confined in a rf ion trap, and we are experimentally studying the problem of scaling the system to larger numbers of ions and stringing together several gates.
		Quantum logic operations with trapped ions are limited by the coupling between the ion motion and the environment, resulting in quantum decoherence.
	tf.nist.gov /ion/qucomp/intro.htm (476 words)

	Oxford Ion Trap Group News
		A qubit was stored in one ion of a heterogeneous pair (in the Ca43 hyperfine state), while the motion of the pair was cooled using the other ion (see previous news item).
		An ion pair composed of one Ca40 ion and one Ca43 was cooled to the motional ground state by sideband cooling of the Ca40 ion only.
		A single ion is driven into a superposition of two internal states by a resonant RF field.
	www.physics.ox.ac.uk /users/iontrap/news.html (1549 words)

	Ion trap
		Well, all the ions are able to rattle to and fro in their positions in the trap, but only in a plane perpendicular to the string length.
		This is the excess energy we give to ion A. So by exciting ion A, we have also set the whole ion string in motion, conditional on ion A being excited (if ion A is in the wrong magnetic state, it doesn't absorb the photon and the ion string doesn't start vibrating).
		Overall, a controlled-not between any pair of ions A and B can thus be achieved, in which the motion of the string of ions has been used as a kind of communal one-qubit conveyor belt.
	www.physics.ox.ac.uk /users/iontrap/iontrap3.html (1227 words)

	New Ion Trap May Lead to Working Quantum Computer
		As more ions are loaded in the trap, they squeeze closer together, until the 12-ion string falls into a zig-zag formation.
		The new ion trap is the first functional one in which all electrodes are arranged in one horizontal layer, a âchip-likeâ geometry that is much easier to manufacture than previous ion traps with two or three layers of electrodes, they said.
		The trap uses gold electrodes to confine magnesium ions 40 micrometers above the plane of the electrodes.
	www.photonics.com /content/news/2006/July/11/83327.aspx (624 words)

	Miniature Ion Trap Used To Determine Weight Of Individual
		The scattered light is different from the initial light beam because the virus particle in the electric field of the ion trap begins to oscillate.
		These highly precise measurements were made possible by the special structure of the ion trap; instead of a classic quadrupole ion trap, Chang and co-workers chose to use a cylindrical ion trap (CIT).
		In this type of trap, the movement of the trapped ions is considerably more complex and not mathematically ascertainable.
	www.medicaldesignonline.com /content/news/article.asp?docid={42968A6B-15B3-4EE0-9B3C-0093FE6A5F32} (573 words)

	TIQC Research
		We are aggresively fabricating next-generation ion traps, including multizone structures with dozens of electrodes for the shuttling of ions through the traps with control electrical potentials.
		In addition, we are fabricating ion trap structures at micron dimensions using conventional semiconductor fabrication procedures.
		Composite shuttling protocol: Two ions (a and b) are trapped, then separated, ion a is shuttled around the corner, finally ion a is dumped and ion b is shuttled to the initial trap:
	iontrap.physics.lsa.umich.edu /research/trap/index.html (311 words)

	The Laser Ion Trap (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A new technique for trapping rare types of radioactive isotopes 100 times more efficiently than ever before could enable physicists to use the 88-Inch Cyclotron to search for phenomena beyond the Standard Model and also test known phenomena with unprecedented precision.
		The key to this success was the use of laser light in combination with a magnetic field to cool the atoms and slow their motion so that they could be actively loaded into the trap.
		This new laser trapping technique should be applicable to other radioactive isotopes in addition to sodium-21.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Research-Review/Magazine/1994/laser-ion-trap.html (525 words)

	Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry , 2nd Edition by Raymond E. March , John F. Todd
		One additional chapter discusses the Rosetta mission, a "comet chaser" that was sent on a ten-year journey in 2004 to study the comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko using, among other instruments, a GC/MS system incorporating a specially designed ion trap mass spectrometer.
		This comprehensive reference also includes discussions of the history of the quadrupole ion trap, the theory of quadrupole mass spectrometry, the dynamics of ion-trapping chemistry in the quadrupole ion trap, the cylindrical ion trap, miniature traps, and linear ion traps.
		Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, Second Edition is ideal for new users of quadrupole devices, as well as for scientists, researchers, and graduate and post-doctoral students working in analytical laboratories.
	www.notpricyatall.com /Quadrupole-Ion-Trap-Mass-Spectrometry-2nd-Edition-0_0471488887_1 (240 words)

	Oxford Ion Trap Group
		The blue point of light is a reflected laser beam, it has been placed to show approximately where the ions are located when they are held in the trap.
		A photo of the linear ion trap structure dating from 1999.
		The four rods of the trap itself are coloured blue.
	www.physics.ox.ac.uk /users/iontrap/images.html (375 words)

	Quadrupole Ion Trap
		The ions, produced in the source of the instrument, enter into the trap through the inlet and are trapped through action of the three hyperbolic electrodes: the ring electrode and the entrance and exit endcap electrodes.
		This traps the ions in a stable oscillating trajectory.
		For detection of the ions, the potentials are altered to destabilise the ion motions resulting in ejection of the ions through the exit endcap.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /ms/theory/qit-massspec.html (426 words)

	Ion Trap - Mass Spectrometry Terms
		This is a provisional recommendation for the term Ion Trap from the Mass Spectrometry Terms and Definitions Project.
		A device that permits the ejection of ions with a m/z ratio less than a prescribed value and retention of those with higher mass.
		Unlike the Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectrometer no magnetic field is required for the operation of the ion trap.
	www.msterms.com /wiki/index.php?title=Ion_Trap (137 words)

	[No title]
		Recall that we may trap a string of laser-cooled ions at the centre of a linear ion trap.
		In their seminal paper, they proposed using ions as qubits, and coupling the ionic qubits using the centre-of-mass normal motion as the "data bus." The ionic qubits were to be made up of two long-lived electronic levels (ground state hyperfine levels, to be exact).
		The situation in which all the ions (including ion j) are in the ground atomic state is the lowest-energy state.
	www.physics.mcmaster.ca /people/faculty/King/ion_QC.html (1099 words)

	Ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer and method of measuring ion accurate mass patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein said ion trap comprises a ring electrode and a pair of end cap electrodes.
		The ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein said data processing unit includes a display unit and displays, on said display unit, a measured mass spectrum containing peaks of the product ion and the reference sample ions.
		The ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer according to claim 4, wherein said data processing unit stores accurate mass values of a plurality of reference samples therein beforehand, and searches and displays the reference samples near the mass of an ion designated by an operator of the measurement from among the displayed product ions.
	www.freshpatents.com /Ion-trap-time-of-flight-mass-spectrometer-and-method-of-measuring-ion-accurate-mass-dt20051117ptan20050253060.php?type=claims (339 words)

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