By the sixth year of the revolt (494 BC), Artaphernes had successfully captured several of the revolting city-states and was now laying siege to Miletus.
Ionia(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
It consisted of a narrow strip of land near the coast, which together with the adjacent islands was occupied by immigrant Greeks of the Ionic race, and thus distinguished from the interior district, inhabited by the Lydians.
In accordance with this view the "Ionic migration," as it was called by later chronologers, was dated by them one hundred and forty years after the Trojan war, or sixty years after the return of the Heraclidae into the Peloponnese.
But like the Amphictyonic league in Greece, the Ionic was rather of a sacred than a political character; every city enjoyed absolute autonomy, and, though common interests often united them for a common political object, they never formed a real confederacy like that of the Achaeans or Boeotians.
GREEK - Online Information article about GREEK(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The chief coins of the kings are Attic tetradrachms, with on the obverse a laureate head of Philetaerus, the founder of the state, and on the reverse a seated Athene, the common type of Lysimachus, from whom Philetaerus revolted.
Of the second revolt are restruck Antiochene tetradrachms and Roman denarii, usually with the name of Simon, which appears to have been that of the leader surnamed Bar Cochebas.
The obverse type of the tetradrachms or shekels is the portico of the temple; on the reverse are a bundle of branches and a citron, symbols of the feast of tabernacles.
Ionian Revolt(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
With the burning of Sardis, the IonianRevolt spread to the Greek cities in Cyprus,as well as those surrounding the Hellespont and Propontis.
By the sixth year of the revolt (494 BC), Artaphernes had successfully capturedseveral of the revolting city-states and was now laying siege to Miletus.
The IonianRevolt, althoughultimately a failure for the Ionian Greeks, was a touchstone for both Persia and Greece.
Sacked by Ardys of Lydia, it revived and attained real prosperity under its "sage," Bias, in the middle of the 6th century BC.
Cyrus captured it in 545 BC; but it was able to send twelve ships to join the IonicRevolt (499 BC-494 BC).
Disputes with Samos, and the troubles after Alexander's death, brought Priene low, and Rome had to save it from the kings of Pergamum and Cappadocia in 155.
Responding to the aggression of Lydia, twelve Ionic cities formed a league, whose center was the Panionion, a shrine of Poseidon on the promontory of Mykale.
After the defeat of Croesos by the king of Persia, Cyrus, the Ionic cities which had fought against him in the war, asked to be governed with the same terms as they were before, under the kindly and benevolent king Croesos.
In 494 BC, the Persian and Ionic fleet fought a battle at the island of Lade, close to the port of Miletos.
The main reason of the revolt was most likely not because of hatred against the Persians, but more because the Greek colonies could not develop into mature Poleis as they were governed by pro-Persian tyrants.
The Persians were know for their tolerant policy a towards other cultures so it seems likely that the Greeks did not revolt against the high king of Persia, but against the tyrants who were installed by him.
Most of the Aeolian colonies in the north, most of the Ionic colonies in the centre, and some of the Dorian colonies in the south disposed their tyrants and joined the open revolt against the Persians.
A Smaller History of Greece - Chapter VII(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The Persian Wars.--From the IonicRevolt to the Battle of Marathon, B.C. he Grecian cities on the coast of Asia Minor were the neighbours of an Asiatic power which finally reduced them to subjection.
In these difficulties he began to think of exciting a revolt of his countrymen; and while revolving the project he received a message from his father-in-law, Histiaeus, urging him to this very step.
His only motive for urging the Ionians to revolt was the desire of escaping from captivity at Susa, thinking that Darius would set him at liberty in order to put down an insurrection of his countrymen.
His fury was as hot as ever, and now that the Ionicrevolt had been subdued, he made his preparations for striking a terrific blow against that gallant little commonwealth.
It was he who accompanied Darius on his invasion of Scythia, and did his utmost to persuade the Ionians to destroy the bridge of boats and thus overwhelm the Persian monarch with ruin.
While the Persians were occupied in putting down the Ionicrevolt, Miltiades captured Lemnos and Imbros, drove out the Persian garrisons and the Pelasgian inhabitants, and turned over the islands to the Athenians.
The reason was that the Persian empire had started an expedition against the coastal area of Thracy which was infected by the Ionicrevolt of 499.
Darius managed to prevent another revolt from happening here, but it is not known if his second goal would have been Hellas itself.
In Athenian tradition this expedition is seen as a revenge against Athens and Eretria, as Darius was angry that both cities had openly attempted to interfere in the Persian empire during the Ionicrevolt.
Pythis [Definition](Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
He cultivated the IonicThe words Ionian and Ionic have several meanings.
In the ancient Greek language, an Ionic dialect is any of several related dialects.
In architecture, the Ionic order is one of the orders of classical architecture.
www.wikimirror.com /Pythis (894 words)
Histaia(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
Eretria had assisted in the Ionicrevolt against Persia some ten years before the first great Persian invasion of Greece.
In 446 BC Euboea revolted, but was reconquered by Pericles.
In 411 BC a second revolt, inspired by the defeat of the Athenian fleet at the hands of the Lacedaemonians, and coming at a time when Athens was weakened by the Sicillan disasters and internal faction, was more successful.
Military History Online - Thermopylae(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
In the prelude to the battle, the Persian attitude changes towards a numerically inferior Greece, the Ionicrevolt occurs, a brief discussion on the battles of Marathon and Artemisium is described as well as the topographical setup and favor of Thermopylae.
Both parties made wrong decisions; Darius believed that he could rely on the colonies, and the Greeks believed that the Persians could be defeated - the end result was the Ionicrevolt of 499 B.C. (Moerbeek 2).
However, this was an indirect revolt because the Greek citizens, always proud of the polis, believed their own colonies could become a proud city-state like they adored.
Mosaics of Grecan History By Marcius Willson and Robert Pierpont Willson- Chapter 11 from Nalanda Digital Library at ...(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
Before the Persians could collect sufficient forces to quell the revolt, the Ionians sought the aid of their Grecian countrymen, making application first to Sparta, but in vain, and then to Athens and the islands of the Ægean Sea.
Still, the revolt attained to considerable proportions, and was protracted during a period of six years.
It was terminated by the capture of Miletus, the capital of the Ionian Confederacy, in 495 B.C. The inhabitants of this city who escaped the sword were carried into captivity by the conquerors, and the subjugation of Ionia was complete.
In August 1842 Manchester was one of the centres of Chartist agitation and a massive strike movement; in May 1839 a revolt organised by the secret revolutionary Society of the Seasons took place in Paris; the Lyons weavers rose in 1831 and 1834.
An ancient oak grew near the main entrance to the temple with a spring at its foot; oracles interpreted the will of the gods from the rustling of its leaves.
93 The fact mentioned took place during the siege of Antwerp in 1584-85 by the troops of King Philip II of Spain, who were suppressing the Netherland’s revolt against absolutist Spain.
During these times, all european nations of the Ottoman empire (which was religiously tolerant, but utterly different from them) fought, revolted, some times collaborated with the occupying power, assimilated in some cases (a few groups were exislamized), lived side by side and interacted on each other.
In the meantime, Europe was experiencing its triumphant Renaissance.
Its revolt against the junta in 1973 has landmarked greek history.