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Topic: Iquique Naval Combat

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	Combat Encyclopedia Article @ Invaded.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Combat, or fighting, is purposeful violent conflict between one or more persons or organizations, often intended to establish dominance over the opposition.
		Combat in warfare involves two or more opposing military organizations, usually fighting for nations at war (although guerrilla warfare and suppression of insurgencies can fall outside this definition).
		Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed.
	www.invaded.org /encyclopedia/Combat (423 words)

	Battle of Iquique - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Naval Battle of Iquique took place on May 21, 1879 during the War of the Pacific between Chile and Peru.
		This lead to the Naval Battle of Punta Gruesa, that may be labelled as the second part of the Naval Battle of Iquique, although it is described in many sources as a separate battle.
		The twin naval battles of Iquique and Punta Gruesa were Peruvian tactical victories; the blockade on Iquique was lifted and Chile left the area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Iquique (695 words)

	ooBdoo
		Blockades can take any number of forms from a simple garrison of troops along a main roadway to utilizing dozens or hundreds of surface combatant ships in securing a harbor, denying its use to the enemy, and even in cutting off or jamming broadcast signals from radio or television.
		This law requires, inter alia, that the blockade must be effective, that it is to be declared by the belligerent so that all interested parties know of its existence and that it is confined to ports or coasts occupied by the enemy.
		The expression is used more broadly to mean a combat operation carried out to prevent access to, or departure from the coast or waters of a hostile State.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Blockade (846 words)

	Combat Encyclopedia Article @ Forcibly.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Combat may take place under a certain set of rules or be unregulated.
		Hand-to-hand (mêlée) combat is combat at very close range, touching the opponent with the body (striking, kicking, strangling, etc.) and/or with a mêlée weapon (knives, swords, batons, etc.), as opposed to firing or throwing a projectile.
		Hand-to-hand combat can be further divided into three sections depending on the distance and positioning of the combatants:
	www.forcibly.org /encyclopedia/Combat (425 words)

	Iquique - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Iquique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Iquique was founded in the 16th century; it was originally a poor shanty village until the 19th-century mining boom.
		The entire Tarapacá region is a duty-free zone (locally known as zofri) and this has added to the economic prosperity of the region, resulting in the lowest unemployment rate in the country.
		One which I caught at Iquique, (for they are found in Chile and Peru,) was very empty.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Iquique (193 words)

	Arturo Prat Encyclopedia Article @ GetitFreeHere.com (Get It Free Here) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was killed at the Naval Battle of Iquique after jumping on board of the Peruvian armored monitor Huáscar after his ship, the Esmeralda, was rammed by the Peruvian monitor.
		Artillery combat occurred only between the "Covadonga" and the Spanish ships "Villa de Madrid" and "Blanca", as the other allied ships were unused due to a lack of coal or the rocky estuary.
		Grau was misinformed that the Esmeralda was loaded with torpedoes and stopped 600 m (660 yd.) from it and began shooting with its 300-pound cannons, not hitting her for an hour and a half, due to the Peruvian sailor's inexperience in the handling of the monitor's Coles tower.
	www.getitfreehere.com /encyclopedia/Arturo_Prat (4528 words)

	Museo Naval y Maritimo - Armada de Chile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He fought in the combat of Papudo with the rank of Midshipman.
		He became the captain of the corvette "Esmeralda", one of the ships that blockaded Iquique, and on the morning of the 21st of May, 1879, the chilean ships confronted the peruvian ironclads "Huascar" and "Independencia".
		At the center of the room, in a glass cabinet, the Prince Albert coat used by Arturo Prat when he was a midshipman of 14 year old, and over it, the large chilean flag hoisted by the "Esmeralda" in the combat of Papudo.In this action of war against Spain, midshipman Prat had an outstanding perfomance.
	www.armada.cl /site/tradicion_historia/tradicion/museonaval/prat2.html (357 words)

	Navy Day - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In Chile, the Día de las Glorias Navales is on May 21.
		It commemorates the Iquique Naval Combat on May 21 1879, in the War of the Pacific.
		Principal civic acts are performed in Santiago de Chile, Iquique, and Valparaiso where National Congress is located since restablishment in 1990 after General Pinochet's military regime.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Navy_Day (411 words)

	[No title]
		As we have seen, after the battle of Angamos, the naval might of Peru came to an end and the Chilean fleet took control of the sea.
		This new scenario allowed Chile to begin the first phase of the terrestrial campaign of the War of the Pacific, whose immediate objective was to seize the Peruvian region of Tarapaca, rich in minerals and nitrate deposits.
		During the zenith of the combat Colonel Bolognesi and his officers encouraged the men not to faint, until, literally, they fired the last cartridge.
	members.lycos.co.uk /Juan39/Arica_Naval.html (1890 words)

	Miguel Grau
		He took a distinguished part in the combat of Abtao in October, and on 2 May, 1866, participated in the defense of Callao against the Spanish bombardment, in command of the monitor "Manco Capac." He afterward took command of the turret-ship "Huascar."
		He was appointed director of the naval academy, and when the war against Chili began, 5 April, 1879, held the rank of rear-admiral.
		On 21 May he attacked two small Chilean vessels off Iquique with the "Huascar" and "Independencia," and sank one of them, but the "Independencia" was disabled by the other.
	www.famousamericans.net /miguelgrau (1040 words)

	Nuestro.cl /Iquique in September
		The Iquique Naval Combat, on May 21st, 1879, is the landmark by which we remember the Chilean sovereignty over that land, previously Peruvian.
		May 21st, the date of the Iquique Naval Combat, is the Event that commemorates Chilean sovereignty in the city, celebrating, along with the Naval Glories, the defense of the territory taken on May of 1879 by the Chilean troops.
		To be from Iquique is a whole ideology and it has its 'isms', like the pilgrimagism.
	www.nuestro.cl /eng/stories/recovery/iquique_guerrero.htm (963 words)

	[No title]
		Sotomayor ordered Admiral Juan Williams to lift the blockade of Iquique and to bring the ironclads, one at a time, to Valparaiso, to have their hulls cleaned by divers and their machinery overhauled.
		After intense deliberations with his officers he decided to start the chase of Huascar under a plan that provided for the conformation of two naval divisions, the first one, under his command, was composed of the battleship Blanco Escalada, the corvette Magellan, the schooner Covadonga and the armored transport Matias Cousiño.
		In fact, most of his officers wanted to stay and fight, but the Commander of the II Naval Division clearly understood that his wooden corvette would be easily destroyed if she engaged in combat against the battleships (1).
	members.lycos.co.uk /Juan39/NAVAL_BATTLE_OF_ANGAMOS.html (1290 words)

	MARITIME CAMPAIGNS OF THE PERUVIAN NAVY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is one of the factors that had made Peru one of the few nations in the region with a strong naval tradition.
		On the other hand, the naval campaign of the 1879 War of the Pacific between Peru and Chile gave a boost to the advocates of a strengthened U.S. Navy, among them Admiral Alfred T. Mahan.
		The crucial naval encounters of that war, in which corvettes, frigates, ironclads and torpedo boats were engaged, became the most spectacular in American waters equal to those of the U.S Civil War.
	es.geocities.com /peruwarships/historia-naval.html (1039 words)

	Allende's death in combat by Ulises Estrada Lescaille (Tricontinental #157, 2005)
		For us, he died in combat; and if he did indeed commit suicide, this was no less than his last action as a combatant.
		Whatever the manner in which he died, it must be recognized that he was killed in combat and left a legacy in the history of Latin America that today’s and the future’s youth must remember.
		He described his experience combating fascists in the Second World War and insisted that we would be attacked again and asserted his resolve to run the same risks as us.
	www.walterlippmann.com /docs049.html (5190 words)

	(( Shipwreck Central ))
		Each is a testament to the desperate naval war waged during the American Civil War, and the innovations of a doomed Confederate navy.
		She later became the Canadian Navy's first naval training ship and was, as stated by Canadian naval historians, the "Flagship of the embryonic Canadian Navy at the time, symbolic of the evolution of Canada from a dominion within the British Empire to a sovereign nation".
		The rules of naval warfare were being rewritten and aircraft and carriers were moving to the forefront.
	www.shipwreckcentral.com /about6.htm (10583 words)

	News
		With a military ceremony, the personnel of the Talcahuano Shipyard celebrated the 124° anniversary of the Iquique Naval Combat on May 20.
		In the opportunity, the personnel having 10, 20 and 30 years of service, the promoted Navy staff and the Navy staff having several years of service in the Chilean Navy were awarded.
		The activity was part of the Month of the Sea, a period when the entire nation remembers the heroic act at Iquique carried out by a brave group of seamen lead by the Commander Arturo Prat.
	www.asmar.cl /english/corp/news_2003/corp_news_pr118.html (167 words)

	Commander Arturo Prat: Greatest Hero of the Chilean Navy
		The figure of Commander Arturo Prat faithfully represents the commitment of Chilean seamen to their country due to his heroism displayed in the Iquique Naval Combat, May 21st, 1879 during the War of the Pacific against Peru and Bolivia.
		Besides his gallant behaviour in combat, Prat is remembered as an integral, intellectual, righteous officer, endowed with solid moral values that formed an exemplary family together with his wife, Carmela Carvajal, and their three children.
		He was also the first Chilean naval officer to receive a university degree, after studying Law with great effort, at the same time as he performed his naval duties.
	www.revistavigia.cl /prontus4_revistavigia/site/artic/20050526/pags/20050526112612.html (415 words)

	Where to go in Iquique?, en Iquique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Esmeralda Buoy is in the northern part of the costanera, close to the Plaza de Armas of Iquique.
		The buoy marks the site of the remains of the Esmeralda, which was sunk during the Naval Combat of Iquique, on May 21, 1879.
		The Naval Museum is only a few blocks from the Plaza de Iquique, next to the Edificio de la Aduana, and was built in 1871.
	www.turismochile.com /guide/iquique/articles/113 (1240 words)

	William Sampson
		The prewar inventor of smoothbore 11-inch cannon for use in shore batteries and on naval vessels, and also the founder of the full-fledged Ordnance Department at the Washington Navy Yard, Dahlgren was to prove a valuable role model for the young officer.
		The VESUVIUS contributed to the naval blockade of the Cuban port of Santiago.
		In an attempt to break this deadlock, Sampson detached the NEW YORK from the fleet and steamed toward the Army base at Siboney to confer with Shafter on the morning of 3 July.
	www.spanamwar.com /sampson.htm (12358 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They are the logistic bases that support the Operational Commands; at the same time they have naval assets enabling them to mount certain operations and therefore become Operational Commands; and lastly, they have the important mission of maintaining control over the waters and littoral under their corresponding jurisdiction.
		The Third and Fourth Naval Zones, located at both ends of the country, have operational assets of great mobility and offensive power, capable of rapid reaction in the face of an emergency, while they await for the concurrence of other assets to the area.
		The responsibility for the formative process of naval personnel falls on the Directorate General of Personnel, through the action of the Directorate of Education, under the command of a rear admiral.
	www.defensa.cl /paginas/public/libro/Ingles/armada4.htm (563 words)

	COMMANDER ARTURO PRAT, GREATEST HERO OF THE CHILEAN NAVY
		The figure of Commander Arturo Prat faithfully represents the commitment of the Chilean seamen with their country, due to his exemplary heroism in the Iquique Naval Combat, May 21, 1879, during the War of the Pacific against Peru and Bolivia.
		On that day, Arturo Prat, entrusted with blockading the port of Iquique, commanded a fragile wooden ship, the corvette “Esmeralda”, which together with the small gun sloop “Covadonga” in the early hours of that day, faced two newly arrived Peruvian ironclads, the powerful monitor “Huascar” and the frigate “Independencia”.
		Besides his gallant behavior in combat, Prat is remembered as an integral, intellectual, righteous officer endowed with solid moral values who formed an exemplary family together with his wife, Mrs.
	www.revistavigia.cl /prontus4_revistavigia/site/artic/20040726/pags/20040726191148.html (496 words)

	ComDef West 2006 \| March 27-28, 2006 \| Hilton Resort, San Diego, CA \| Speakers
		Rear Admiral Felipe Carvajal is the Chief of the Naval Mission and Naval Attache in Washington D.C. Before assuming his present post, he was the Director of Naval Education with the rank of Commodore.
		His tours at sea have included Commanding Officer of PTF Fresia, based in Puerto Williams, near Cape Horn, Command of the Missile Boat Squadron in Iquique in the north of Chile and C.O. of the Fleet Oiler “Araucano.” In 1996 and 1997 he served in Norfolk, VA as the Chilean Liaison Officer in CINCLANTFLT.
		Rear Admiral Carvajal is a specialist in Naval Aviation and a graduate of the Naval War College in Valparaiso, Chile.
	www.ideea.com /comdefwest06/speakers.htm (3044 words)

	Chile.com: Contenido de art?culo.
		The San Agustin Estate, located in the Ninhue Village at 46 km north-west of Chillán, is the birthplace of Don Arturo Prat Chacón.
		This site is a sanctuary and museum where objects and a portrait of the life of the hero of the Naval Combat of Iquique are exhibited.
		The large house of typical countryside construction of the XVIII was declared a National Monument in 1968.
	www.chile.com /tpl/articulo/detalle/print.tpl?cod_articulo=1877 (878 words)

	New Page 1
		Cape Johnson is a 564-foot-long breakbulk ship designed to carry pallets of ammunition, combat or replenishment supplies.
		Merchant Ship Naval Augmentation Program (MSNAP) features and equipment are designed to enable specific merchant-type ships to augment and, when needed, act as Combat Logistics Force [CLF] vessels during a crisis or conflict.
		The Modular Cargo Delivery System (MCDS) is a mechanized cargo transfer unit that acts as a combination elevator and winch, hoisting pallets of cargo into the air and then across wire lines strung between two ships sailing side-by-side.
	www.radioera.com /MaritimeMuseumHistory.htm (1487 words)

	The Navy’s most valuable asset: its people
		Their strong service vocation is a heritage developed from a long list of naval heroes, of which the most prominent Chilean national hero is Commander Arturo Prat.
		Commander Arturo Prat died in the Iquique Naval Combat on May 21st, 1879, during the Pacific War (1879 - 1884) against Peru and Bolivia
		Due to their knowledge and experience of civilian life, the officers of the Naval Reserve “Yates” (meaning yacht) make a valuable contribution to promoting awareness of the Institution within the community.
	www.armada.cl /p4_ingles/site/artic/20050707/pags/20050707095041.html (213 words)

	Special Operations Forces (SOF)
		Over 46,000 active-duty and reserve personnel are members of SOF units, which include Army Green Berets, Rangers, Special Operations Aviation, psychological operations and civil affairs units; Navy Sea-Air-Land forces (SEALs) and special boat units; and Air Force special operations squadrons.
		Special Operations Command South (SOCSOUTH), based at Roosevelt Roads Naval Air Station in Puerto Rico, is the Special Forces component of the U.S. Southern Command (Southcom), the regional military command for Latin America.
		USSOCOM is responsible for developing strategy, doctrine and tactics, directing the expenditure of funds, training assigned forces, and ensuring special forces' combat readiness.
	www.ciponline.org /facts/sof.htm (2808 words)

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