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Topic: Iranian Revolution

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Islamic Revolution

Islamic Revolution

Mohammad Mossadegh

Khomeini

Persian Constitutional Revolution

Pahlavi dynasty

White Revolution

Revolution

History of Iran

Iran

Ayatollah Khomeini

	The Iranian Revolution - Past, Present and Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		But the scope of the present movement is far greater than the movement last summer which we described at the time as "the opening shots of the Iranian revolution".
		The Iranian elections on February 18th 2000 returned a massive majority for the so-called "reformers" around the president Mohammed Khatami in the new Majlis (Parliament).
		The mass demonstrations and riots in Iran are the first shots of the Iranian revolution.
	www.marxist.com /iran (330 words)

	The Iranian Revolution
		Because the Iranian Revolution was the biggest defeat for U.S. imperialism in the years after the Vietnam War.
		It is a myth perpetuated by Iranian rulers today, who want to erase all traces of the role of the workers’ movement and the left in the revolution and justify their own authority.
		Although the 1979 revolution brought an Islamic republic to power, headed by the clergy and Ayatollah Khomeini, it was the urban poor that sparked the revolution--and the left that played a crucial part in organizing the protests.
	www.socialistworker.org /2004-1/488/488_08_Iran.shtml (1491 words)

	Iranian Revolution
		The conditions for revolution are to an extent in place but, as Parsa points out, this is not a complete picture as uprooted populations do not have the necessary resources and organisations for effective collective action, (1989 pg 5), hence the need for a complementary and additional line of explanation.
		The social movement model builds upon the premise that of primary importance to the revolution were the religious values and structure of the clergy, focused and directed by and through the charismatic personality of the Ayatollah Khomeini.
		Throughout the revolution clerics succeeded in explaining the world in purely fl and white terms and although this does not necessarily result in violence it does generate a militant, absolutist and rejectionist attitude towards opponents.
	www.shellier.co.uk /iranrevolution.htm (2216 words)

	Iranian Support of Terrorism
		Within the framework of Iranian terror, it is worth mentioning the obsessive and unrelenting pursuit and incitement campaign which Iran is conducting against the writer Salman Rushdie (author of “Satanic Verses”), whom they perceive to be the symbol of the degradation of Islamic values.
		Iranian bartered the release of citizens of Western countries being held in Lebanon in return for the release of Iranian or Lebanese activists arrested for involvement in terrorist activity in Western Europe.
		In many Iranian embassies, the number of staff is much larger than required by the diplomatic needs of the host countries, a situation that occasionally leads to the discovery of illegal activity and the deportation of those involved.
	www.ict.org.il /articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=14 (3265 words)

	Iranian Revolution Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Islamic Revolution was the 1979 revolution that transformed Iran from a constitutional monarchy, under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to an Islamic, populist theocratic republic under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
		The leaders of Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf States were also distressed by the Iranian revolution, as a Shi'a minority exists among their nations (except in Iraq and Bahrain where Shi'a are the majority) and it would stir a civil war.
		The one area where Iranian influence was extended was into the Lebanese Civil War, where Hezbollah became closely allied with the Iranians, fighting Sunni and Christian factions in Lebanon, and later the Israeli occupation.
	www.bookrags.com /Iranian_Revolution (5355 words)

	Iranian Women--Vanguard of World Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the wake of the victorious Iranian insurrection of February 6, 1979, the Iranian women's demand for emancipation, backed by demonstrations of hundreds of thousands of women, became the central rallying point for the unstoppable, continuing Iranian revolution and the springboard for radical opposition to the current Islamic bourgeois democratic regime.
		The contradiction between the character of the revolution and the character of the power that issued from it, is explained by the contradictory character of this new petty bourgeois partition-wall between the revolutionary masses and the capitalist bourgeoisie.
		The Iranian Socialist Workers Party is underestimating the central role of the Fedayeen in the February insurrection by giving it scant mention in the press and by merely proposing a united front with the Fedayeen.
	www.socialism.com /library/iranwomen.html (6489 words)

	The Iranian Revolution 1979
		The revolution has involved most sections of the nation apart from the handful of capitalists, the landlords, the supporters of the monarch and the bulk of the army officers.
		The ripeness of the situation in Iran for the socialist revolution is indicated by the fact that the liberals, Iran's so-called National Front, actually have had to adopt a "socialist" or semi-socialist programme.
		Moscow did not desire the Iranian revolution, but would not refuse to accept the fruit of a revolution which would strengthen their power enormously in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and the Persian Gulf.
	www.newyouth.com /archives/middleeast/iranian_revolution_1979.html (5680 words)

	iranian.com: Revolution
		Within a couple of years after the revolution, after the religious bosses moved to solidify their power by excluding the younger generation, there was a revolt and in turn a purge that led to the death, torture, and imprisonment of thousands and thousands of the most bright and the most conscientious young people of Iran.
		We shall call upon all Iranians to set up with the help of international organizations, the "Congress for the Freedom of Iran" on March 22, corresponding to the 9,900th day of captivity of the Iranian nation in the hands of a few mullahs.
		Nor were Iranians much involved with the Crusades; not even the Saljuq sultans of Iran offer much support to their cousins of Rum when the latter were fighting the Christian Crusaders in the Levant.
	www.iranian.com /revolution.html (2173 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs
		The Iranian revolution that ousted the US-backed Shah was certainly hard-earned.
		Though the Iranian revolution of 1979 was drawn from several quarters of the ideological spectrum - social democrats, liberals, communists and anarchists - its leadership passed into the hands of the Shi'ite clergy.
		Son of a flsmith, Ahmadinejad's fierce championing of the downtrodden struck a chord among the "pious poor", both in the rural areas and among the urban poor - be it on land redistribution or emphasis on social justice.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/GF29Ak04.html (2504 words)

	The Iranian Revolution
		Iranian steel mills rose from 1,902 in 1963 to 7989 in 1977.
		Iranians with a lot of money, including high ranking military officers, were sending their wealth abroad.
		It was believed that with the success of the revolution the ulama (official community of scholars of Islam) and Khomeini would return to their mosques and schools and perhaps advise the government on Islamic matters.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch29ir.html (3826 words)

	International Socialist Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Iranian revolution of 1979 and the image of American diplomats held hostage cast fundamentalism as a symbol of resistance to the U.S. and as the main enemy of the U.S. abroad.
		Moreover, since the Iranian revolution, the U.S. has had to adapt to continuing volatility in the area, shifting its regional policy on security in the Persian Gulf and the flow of oil through it.
		Although the Iranian revolution of 1979 resulted in the installation of Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic Republic, it was the mobilization of the working class and the poor that brought the Shah’s regime to its knees.
	www.isreview.org /issues/09/iranian_revolution.shtml (2106 words)

	Results -- Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The 1979 Iranian revolution was the ultimate victory of the traditional forces over the modernizers, as the Constitutional Revolution of 1906 was a major victory for the modernizers, who succeeded to install a system which recognized the rule of law.
		Also, the Iranian revolution was not accompanied necessarily with an intrinsically critical nature among the Iranian intellectuals which would impel them to speak the truth to power.
		Unlike the previous generations of Iranian intel1ectuals, what the critica1 thinking of modernity has taught the younger generation is to adopt a general attitude that consists of being at odds both with “fundamentalist politics” and with “utopian rationalities”.
	iranproject.info /articles/article.asp?Key=27 (1837 words)

	Iranian Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Iranian Revolution (The Islamic Revolution) was the 1979 revolution that transformed Iran from a constitutional monarchy, under Shah (King) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to a populist theocratic Islamic republic under the rule of Ayatollah (or Imam, as he is known in Iran) Ruhollah Khomeini.
		The Iranian revolution is credited by many historians as launching an era of Islamic radicalism, with subsequent Islamic movements such as Hezbollah and Al Qaeda seen as influenced by the notion of a "revolution" to bring about a pure Islamic state.
		The Shah and the Ayatollah ;: Iranian mythology and Islamic revolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islamic_revolution (5356 words)

	IranianVoice.org - Iranian Revolution Will Come from the People
		After more than two decades of repressive mullahs and Shariah, today's young Iranians -- more than two-thirds of the population is under 30 -- have had their appetites for freedom whetted by a technological age in which the West can't be shut out.
		One of the opposition voices speaking to Iranians -- who, according to reports phoned and e-mailed from inside the country, have increasingly been taking to the streets in protest against the Islamic regime -- is a radio station nestled in Beverly Hills.
		It may not be a velvet revolution, but it won't have the same result as the 1979 revolution.
	www.iranianvoice.org /article1573.html (754 words)

	Shi'a: The Iranian Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		All through the 1960's and 1970's, Iranians were deeply discontent with the dictatorship of the Shah, but the flood of protest material fanned this discontent into a raging passion.
		So forty days after the massacre at Qumm, Iranians took to the streets to commemorate the dead students and, by extension, to protest the government.
		Iranian demonstrators knew this was the month of martyrdom and many would dress in white (the garb of martyrs) and try to provoke government troops to fire on them.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/SHIA/REV.HTM (706 words)

	Persuasion and the Iranian Revolution of 1979
		The Iranian people did not know that they were revolting against a man who would not live more than a year after the revolution had begun.
		In this way, by the concept of reciprocation, the Iranian masses were obligated to return the forthcoming favors by lending their aid to the Shah’s overthrow.
		In this respect, the leader of the revolution was a glorious figure of brevity, valor, might, and heroism.
	www.kean.edu /~pbabalav/iranianrevolution.htm (3786 words)

	PBS Online: Beyond the Veil - The Islamic Revolution
		To understand the political forces and factions which led to the 1979 Iranian Revolution we should begin with the post World War II period.
		He declared that the Iranian calendar had to be changed and the first year of this calendar should refer to the beginning of the Achaemenian dynasty.
		In June, Khomeini and the Council of the Revolution prepared a draft of the new constitution.
	www.internews.org /visavis/BTVPagesTXT/Theislamicrevolution.html (1710 words)

	[Infoshop News] Religious Fundamentalist Regimes: a lesson from the Iranian Revolution 1978-1979 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Secondly because the revolution - or more correctly, the Muslim clerical counter-revolution that destroyed it - was to the Arab, Kurdish and Persian world what the Russian Revolution was to the European world and has provided the "model revolution" debated amongst anti-imperialist and revolutionary Muslim workers ever since.
		Khomeini founded the fundamentalist Iranian Republican Party (IRP) to squeeze opposition parties out of the provisional government and at the same time established the Revolutionary Guards (Pasdaran), a political police force to marginalise the secular left within the komitehs which it wanted to mobilise as a supporter bloc.
		LESSONS The true workers' revolution was destroyed and for the Iranian working class, whether secular or Muslim, a long night of living under a new autocratic regime had begun.
	flag.blackened.net /pipermail/infoshop-news/2002-May/001028.html (1665 words)

	Michael Ledeen on Iran on National Review Online
		To be sure, Karrubi is a mere figurehead, but his willingness to openly and melodramatically challenge the regime speaks volumes about the determination of the opposition and the contempt held for the leadership.
		Part of the reason for the failure to agree upon an explicit endorsement of Iranian democracy is a lack of good information from inside Iran, and a consequent lack of accurate analysis.
		The truth is that the United States has had rotten intelligence on Iran ever since the run-up to the 1979 revolution that removed the shah and brought the awful mullahs to power.
	www.nationalreview.com /ledeen/ledeen061603.asp (1475 words)

	History: The Iranian Revolution
		One-fifth of the Iranian government was willing to join in a massive and nonviolent manifestation of opposition even though most of them knew that thousands of their countrymen had been shot in previous demonstrations.
		It clearly reflected the weakness of the Shah, and the inevitability of revolution in Iran.
		The Iranian Revolution follows Crane Brinton's theory on a revolution because the revolution included symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence, just as the theory states.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/120.htm (3708 words)

	History of Iran: Islamic Revolution of 1979
		Khamenei was one of the founders of the Islamic Republican Party, which dominated the Majlis (the national legislature) after the 1979 revolution.
		He was appointed to the Council of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, and between 1979 and 1981 he was a member of the Majlis, serving as deputy minister of defense, commander of the Revolutionary Guard, and representative on the Supreme Council of Defense.
		Rafsanjani was re-elected in 1993 but stepped down in 1997, since the Iranian constitution limits the president from seeking a third term.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/islamic_revolution/islamic_revolution.php (869 words)

	Class Analysis of the Iranian Revolution of 1979
		In particular, discussions of the 1979 Revolution have failed to recognize i) the role of internecine conflict within the ranks of capitalist appropriators, and ii) the importance of ancient (or self-exploiting) direct producers and their allied agents in the collapse of the monarchist regime.
		The primary thesis of this chapter is that the efforts of the monarchist regime to create a particular form of capitalism, herein described as oligarchic capitalism, that would serve as catalyst for Iran's rapid economic growth created a range of social crises that threatened the survival of ancientism (or self-exploitation) and non-oligarchic capitalism.
		The Shah, his ministers, and advisers remained committed to land reform, partly because the 1949 Chinese revolution remained a potent symbol during the 1960s and the monarchist regime was convinced that the so-called peasantry must be pacified.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/iran.htm (3484 words)

	Shi'a: The Iranian Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		All through the 1960's and 1970's, Iranians were deeply discontent with the dictatorship of the Shah, but the flood of protest material fanned this discontent into a raging passion.
		So forty days after the massacre at Qumm, Iranians took to the streets to commemorate the dead students and, by extension, to protest the government.
		Iranian demonstrators knew this was the month of martyrdom and many would dress in white (the garb of martyrs) and try to provoke government troops to fire on them.
	www.wsu.edu:8000 /~dee/SHIA/REV.HTM (706 words)

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