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	Iranian monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Shah of Iran was the hereditary ruler of the Iranian monarchy,generally refers to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah.
		The modern Iranian monarchy was established in 1501 after the Safavid dynasty came to power under Shah Ismail I, and ended the so-called "fourth era" of political fragmentation.
		The monarchy was abolished in 1979 when a revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini pressured Mohammad Reza Pahlavi into exile, and established an Islamic Republic in its place.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iranian_monarchy (190 words)

	Iranian Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Iranian Revolution was the 1979 revolution that transformed Iran from a pro-western constitutional monarchy, under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to an Islamic, populist theocratic republic under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
		The Iranian officers were organized by Shapour Bakhtiar, who had fled to France when Khomeini seized power, but was operating from Baghdad and Sulimaniyah at the time of Brzezinski's meeting with Hussein.
		The one area where Iranian influence was extended was into the Lebanese Civil War, where Hezbollah became closely allied with the Iranians, fighting Sunni and Christian factions in Lebanon, and later the Israelis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iranian_Revolution (4085 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Monarchy, Sen
		The second advantage of a constitutional monarchy is that one doesn't have periodic presidential elections, during which the office of president becomes the subject of a party political tug-of-war.
		If the monarchial option is closed, Iran will have to make do with the next best thing, a parliamentary system with an elected president, and a constitution to resolutely limit the president's powers.
		I hope there are people in the Iranian democratic movement who are thinking clearly about what sort of democracy it they want, and which would be most practical and stable in the first years.
	www.iranian.com /Opinion/2002/December/Monarchy (833 words)

	Iranian monarchy: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Absolute monarchy is an idealized form of government, a monarchy where the ruler has the power to rule his or her country and citizens freely with no laws...
		A constitutional monarchy is a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges a hereditary or elected monarch as head of state....
		The monarchy was abolished in 1979 when a revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini[Click link for more facts about this topic] forced Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (one of two people who held the title Shah of Iran, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/ir/iranian_monarchy.htm (1324 words)

	Monarchy Lecture
		This is the type of monarchy against which revolutions were fought, and it is also the type of monarchy that was responsible for the strengthening of the arguments in favor of democracy and the republican form of government.
		Monarchy in this case reinforces democracy and strengthens it, adding a centripetal and necessary aspect to the system's efforts at stability, especially necessary in view of the fact that modern democracy, by definition, is centrifugal and atomistic in its celebration of individualism.
		It is thus the form of monarchy, capetian and hereditary, that the constitution of the Fifth Republic achieves by elevating the president to a level that allows him to transcend even the contingencies of a presidential majority.
	home1.gte.net /eskandar/lecture.html (7443 words)

	Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The monarchy was reinstated and power handed to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi by the U.S. and U.K., whose rule became increasingly dictatorial in the following years, particularly the late 1970s.
		Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, in part due to large-scale state subsidies– totaling some $7.25 billion per year–including foodstuffs and especially gasoline.
		Most Iranians are Muslims; 90% belong to the Shi'a branch of Islam, the official state religion, and about 9% belong to the Sunni branch (many of them are Kurds).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iran (3944 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Monarchy, Reza Bayegan
		Monarchy is an ideal system for this synergy between tradition and modernity.
		The fact of the matter is that the argument for the restoration of the monarchy in Iran is by far the most valid and sensible alternative for the future of our country.
		There are intelligent supporters of monarchy and there are also those who are always guided by a selfish and materialistic scent and their only real passion is self-interest.
	www.iranian.com /Opinion/2002/July/Cause (2181 words)

	Iranian Nationalism Persian Journal Latest Iran News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Iranian nationalism was powerfully influenced by the Pahlavi dynasty -- the last dynasty to rule Iran prior to the advent of the Islamic Revolution.
		The mullahs, who even during the time of the Iranian monarchy positioned themselves as the authorities from whom the Shah of Iran derived the power as Defender of the Shi'a Faith to rule, opposed this move.
		And despite the fact that the regime needed Iranian nationalism to compete with Saddam's religious invocations during the Iran-Iraq war, Iran is primarily a fundamentalist Muslim country in the present day and age -- an outcome precisely contrary to the wishes of the two Shahs of the Pahlavi dynasty.
	www.iranian.ws /cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/1639/printer (2086 words)

	IRANIAN MONARCHY LIKE THE SWEDEN
		The monarchists want to use the aspirations of Iranian people for human rights and democracy to regain strength and ascend to power and to use the Iranian intellectuals and Iranian youth as cannon powder (goosht-e dam toop), when there is hardly anybody who would be willing to sacrifice himself/herself for their cause.
		and Iranians to have an original poet with world-class contributions, at a time when we have not had even one Nobel prize candidate in any field before Shamloo, and all they did was to hurt him, rather than share in the pride of having an Iranian for such nomination.
		Iranian people know the real thieves, the monarchists and Islamists who accused him of plagiarism and the real world-class experts in different fields showed us that Shamloo was right and the hate of Monarchists and Islamists was because they did not like Shamloo’s political stand.
	www.ghandchi.com /108-Sweden.htm (2393 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Monarchy and Theocracy, Fereydoun Hoveyda
		In this perspective and to come back to the events that ended the Iranian monarchy and replaced it with Khomeini's Islamic despotic rule, one should remember that by 1977, under the pressure of the Carter administration, Muhammad Reza Shah, already deeply impressed by Juan Carlos' example in Spain, wanted to "liberalize" his regime.
		Iranian history abounds in bloody episodes in which "fathers" literally kill their children and subjects.
		What confused outside observers as well as some Iranians about the Islamic revolution, is that, save a limited group of intellectuals and educated members of society, the bulk of the Iranian citizens were not yearning for freedom, but rather looking for another "father".
	www.iranian.com /FereydounHoveyda/2003/April/Book (3111 words)

	Rumblings of a revolution
		Nearly 20 years since the overthrow of the Iranian monarchy, the Islamic regime that took its place is fast losing its last shreds of legitimacy.
		Most Iranians seemed prepared to make the effort to believe that they were participants in a process and also components of a system uniquely designed for Iranian needs.
		Since in the Iranian scheme of things until now religion was the social institution which subsumed all others, the common demand now is that t he role of religion in society be henceforth restricted.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1626/16261200.htm (2578 words)

	Wide Angle. Printable Pages \| PBS
		By the early nineteenth century Iranian reformers had become keenly sensitive to what they perceived as the relative weakness of their society in comparison to the growing threats from Imperial Russia to the north and the British Raj in the south.
		During this period of royal dictatorship, between 1953 and 1978, political parties were outlawed, criticism of the monarchy was punished, and strict controls were placed on the content of newspapers, other printed materials, and the emerging mass media of radio, television, and film.
		A new generation of Iranian journalists are producing newspapers and periodicals that are asking brave questions, challenging the authority of the state, and working once again to bring voices of dissent into the public sphere.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/wideangle/printable/iran_handbook_print.html (3136 words)

	Baylor University \|\| The Pulse \|\| The Rise of An Ayatollah
		It was Khomeini’s political savvy and acute understanding of the Iranian citizens and their plight that allowed him to recognize the revolutionary potential of the citizens’ nationalistic protests against the Shah. ; However, his authentic religious piety and austere lifestyle won him popular standing among people outraged by corrupt politicians.
		For the fabric of Iranian life was, and is, woven on the loom of Islam.
		Iranians identified both with Khomeini’s strong sense of nationalism and his piety, and these two aspects were indispensable in effecting the revolution.
	www.baylor.edu /Pulse/index.php?id=23786 (3596 words)

	Ted Grant The Iranian Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The monarchy in Iran has been finally thrown out as a result of the excesses, the corruption, the cruelty, the torture, of the last quarter century.
		It is this element in their programme where the Mullahs have claimed to stand for freedom and democracy, which has been a powerful source of attraction to the mass of the middle class, and of course to sections of the workers as well.
		Given the lack of a mass revolutionary tradition of a Marxist character in Iran, such a development among the lower officers and among a section of the elite, leaning on the support of the workers and peasants is possible.
	www.sozialistische-klassiker.org /diverse/Div42.html (5680 words)

	Iranian Jewry Celebrates Cyrus
		In contrast to their neighbouring countries they have been shown extra-ordinary kindness and generosity and it is the sacred duty of the Iranian Jewish society to express its gratitude in the best possible manner.
		Among the measures adopted by the Iranian Jewish society through the decisions of a special committee, were the organising of meetings, the decorating and illuminating of all Jewish establishments, such as synagogues and schools, and the holding of prayer and thanksgiving ceremonies.
		In the great gathering of world rulers and leaders on the occasion of the 25th centenary of the Iranian monarchy, the absence of the representatives of the Jewish nation is to be regretted.
	www.dangoor.com /74071.html (934 words)

	The End of Fascist Iranian Monarchy
		Iranian monarchists are hiding behind the nice words of human rights and democracy to bring back the same despotism of Shah's regime.
		I am just one person speaking his mind, but even with all their finances and foreign support, Iranian monarchy is finished and this is why they try to suppress even one little guy speaking about their efforts to return the fascist monarchy to Iran.
		Their Evin torture chambers did not stop Iranians and pro-Democracy Iranian activists, and they were overthrown by the Iranian people, and no matter how much Iranian people hate IRI and want to overthrow IRI, we will never support the return of Iranian monarchy.
	www.ghandchi.com /266-EndOfMonarchy.htm (704 words)

	Nobody Notes
		Iranians worldwide, especially the three million in Diaspora, outside their motherland, have become ever increasingly vigilant in scrutinizing the media and scholarly circles to ensure that their historical heritage is represented in an objective manner.
		Although a sporadic number of Iranians have emigrated to the U.S. since the 19th century, it is only the mass exodus post 1979 revolution in Iran, which has led to over three million Iranians abroad.
		In his own very Iranian way, he insisted however that I was welcome to hold onto to the collection for as long as I was working with it.
	fafani.blogspot.com /2005/11/blog-post_113229373032199041.html (15969 words)

	Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy 1831-1896, by Abbas Amanat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy 1831-1896, by Abbas Amanat
		Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896
		As for Amir Kabir and his role in the political defeat of the Bábís, Amanat states that "an indigenous movement of change ceased to exist for decades to come." By suppressing the Bábís, "Amir Kabir inadvertently cleared the way for the consolidation of the high 'ulama for the rest of the century and beyond" (168).
	bahai-library.com /?file=quinn_amanat_pivot_universe (1027 words)

	Nima Forum - A Bravenet.com Forum
		Our monarchy is based on Cyrus the great and Nationbuilders like Reza Shah I. Iran is a big country with different people.
		Only the Shah can unite this people because these people are all Iranian and it has been their tradition to always be united under the throne.
		Many people in Iran do not even understand democracy because they have lived in a village all their life therefore the republic would only be corrupt and undemocratic.
	pub36.bravenet.com /forum/3071517577/fetch/120537 (145 words)

	Iran Politics Club :: View topic - Monarchy or Republic? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Pahlavi's overthrew the Constitutional Monarchy of the Qajars because Constitutional Monarchy was not what Iran needed at that time and neither were Iranians educated enough/ ready for such a type of government.
		Iranians have progressed, even though you can't see it by the type of regime currently occupying Iran, the people have progressed intellectually.
		You are basically saying Iranians are idiots who cannot progress, who cannot become civilized, who cannot learn what manners are, who don't know what honor is, who have no dignity, who have no patriotism and and......
	www.iranpoliticsclub.net /club/viewtopic.php?p=2282 (9551 words)

	The Future of Iranian Nationalism (Great Read!) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Those changes have served as markers for the evolution of Iranian political society, and have corresponded with vast changes in the country's sociopolitical structure.
		If Iranians are going to be true 'Nationalists' then they have to embrace Persian culture, history, and religion none of which has much to do with Islamists in power, Arabic history or Culture.
		Prejudice of Arabs is deeply imbedded in Iranian culture.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/939861/posts (2717 words)

	shahofiran
		We know for certain today that the great Iranian nation is moving down the path toward the Great Civilisation, a path which will lead in a short time to a place among the front ranks of the superior world powers.
		As the commander of this monarchy, I make a covenant with Iran's history that this golden epic of modern Iran will be carried on to complete victory, and that no power on earth shall ever be able to stand against the bond of steel between the Shah and the nation.
		The nation and the Imperial Arrned Forces, which come from the ranks of the people and derive their power from our inexhaustible national resources, are alert day in and day out to protect their country.
	www.warcryer.com /shahspeachnowrouz1976.html (917 words)

	Media, Persia, Parthia, & Iran
		Before a long period in which the monarchy weakens and the country begins to fragment, Nâder Shâh puts a memorable Iranian mark on the history of India with a spectacular raid that captures Delhi.This humiliation of the declining Moghuls, which netted the famous Peacock Throne,
		In World War II Iranian neutrality, and what may have been Rez.â's sympathy for Germany, led to the Russians and British occupying the country and deposing the Shâh.
		Meanwhile, however, Iranian students demonstrating aginst the Shâh, often with bags over their heads, were becoming a familiar sight in the West.
	www.friesian.com /iran.htm#parthian (2645 words)

	MKO HAS NO INFORMATION OF IRANIAN NUCLEAR SITES (Iran Press Service)
		He was referring to the so-called revelations made three years ago by the Council of Iranian National Resistance, the political branch of the MKO in Washington about sites the group said were secret military installations for making nuclear weapons.
		He also confirmed that the MKO was the subject of divergences in the Bush Administration, with some, at the Pentagon around Defence Secretary Donald Rimsfeld looking to the group and its well-trained members, estimated at between 2.000 to 5.000, and military equipments provided by Mr.
		Khodabandeh sakid, accusing the MKO of having “destroyed” the overall Iranian national opposition to the regime.
	www.iran-press-service.com /ips/articles-2004/october/mko_201004.shtml (1097 words)

	IranianVoice.org
		In an interview with RTE News, Reza Pahlavi of Iran said that the Iranian regime is at the forefront of fomenting regional radicalism.
		This is Tehran and the coats the waiter has just taken constitute part of the hejab that is mandatory wear for women in public in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
		London, 8 Apr. (IPS) Sa’di, the well-known 14th-century Persian poet and moralist, narrates the story of a benefactor who made a wish and vowed to donate 400 derhams to the ascetics if it came true.
	www.iranianvoice.org /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=601 (618 words)

	AsiaSource: Asia Biography - a resource of the Asia Society
		He was the leader of the Islamic Revolution (1979) that abolished the Iranian Monarchy and founded the Islamic Republic, and is for many Muslims the greatest figure in their modern history.
		Khomeini was born September 24, 1902 in the western Iranian city of Khomein to Sayyid Mustafa, whose father, Sayyid Ahmad, had settled there some fifty years earlier.
		(Although of Iranian origin, Khomeini’s ancestors spent several generations in India; Sayyid Ahmad was the first to resettle in Iran.) Sayyid Mustafa was killed five months after Khomeini’s birth under disputed circumstances.
	www.asiasource.org /society/khomeini.cfm (1091 words)

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