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Topic: Iraq Petroleum Company

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	Iraq. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Iraq is bordered on the south by Kuwait, the Persian Gulf, and Saudi Arabia; on the west by Jordan and Syria; on the north by Turkey; and on the east by Iran.
		Iraq is a veritable treasure house of antiquities, and recent archaeological excavations have greatly expanded the knowledge of ancient history.
		Iraq continued to insist on an end to all sanctions, but in May, 2002, the UN Security Council agreed on revised sanctions that focused on military goods and goods with potential military applications, greatly expanding the range of consumer goods that could be readily imported into Iraq.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ir/Iraq.html (3874 words)

	Iraq - The Turkish Petroleum Company
		TPC was organized as a nonprofit company registered in Britain that produced crude oil for a fee for its parent companies, based on their shares.
		IPC's parent companies delayed development of the Iraqi fields, and IPC's concession expired because the companies failed to meet certain performance requirements, such as the construction of pipelines and of shipping terminals.
		IPC shareholders asserted their monopoly position again when they won the concession rights to southern Iraq and in 1938 founded the Basrah Petroleum Company (BPC) as their wholly owned subsidiary to develop the region.
	countrystudies.us /iraq/53.htm (1282 words)

	Commanding Heights : Iraq Overview \| on PBS
		Iraq joins the United Nations, but opposes the partition of Palestine and sends troops to fight Israel in 1948.
		Political unrest among nationalists, the military, and urban intellectuals comes to a head in 1958: The monarchy is overthrown, and Iraq is declared a republic.
		Fighting intensifies on both sides, but Iraq falters under the allied air attack, which is modified after 200 Iraqi civilians are killed in a bombing run.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/iq/iq_overview.html (1180 words)

	IRAQ: A century of war and rebellion
		Since the state of Iraq was created early this century, the working class in the area have suffered brutal exploitation and repression at the hands of the rival ruling class groups competing for power.
		Turkish Petroleum Company formed by British, Dutch and German interests acquires concessions to prospect for oil in the Ottoman provinces of Baghdad and Mosul (both later part of Iraq).
		Iraq is admitted to the League of Nations, becoming formally independent - although Britain remains in a powerful influence.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Senate/7672/iraq.html (4489 words)

	Anglo-Iranian Oil Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		APOC took a 50% share in a new Turkish Petroleum Company organised in 1912 by Calouste Gulbenkian to explore and develop oil resources in the Ottoman Empire.
		After a hiatus caused by World War One it reformed and struck an immense gusher at Kirkuk, Iraq in 1927, renaming itself the Iraq Petroleum Company.
		The Anglo-Persian Oil Company continued its large Persian operations although it changed its name to the AIOC in 1935.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anglo-Iranian_Oil_Company (440 words)

	Iraq Petroleum Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The house flag of the Iraq Petroleum Co. On a pale blue pennant, there is a disc with wavy fl and gold stripes in the lower portion.
		The company was incorporated in 1912 as the Turkish Petroleum Company and the partnership included the British Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Shell and Deutsche Bank.
		The company made its first oil strike in 1927 and was re-named the Iraq Petroleum Company in 1929.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/iq~ipc.html (239 words)

	Iraq
		Iraq (Mesopotamia) is the land which lies between the rivers Euphrates and Tigres in the Middle East.
		Although Iraq was a close ally of Britain, King Faisal, under pressure from his own population, was forced to give his support to Egypt in the war.
		The south of Iraq is populated mainly by Shia Muslims and the centre, west and north of Iraq are mainly Sunni Muslims.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWiraq.htm (4421 words)

	Iraq Economy economy money currency trade oil petroleum economy agriculture dates economic debt fish livestock date ...
		The two leading firms were the Iraq Petroleum Company, which held concessions in the north, around Kirkuk and Mosul, and the Basra Petroleum Company, which operated in the southeast, near Al Basrah.
		From 1972 to 1975 all the foreign oil companies were fully nationalized by the government, and their operations were taken over by the Iraq National Oil Company and the Northern Petroleum Organization.
		Petroleum sales accounted for almost all the earnings; other exports were dates, raw wool, and hides and skins.
	www.geocities.com /iraqinfo/sum/economy.html (775 words)

	datadubai.com: Oil
		The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) held a concession for Dubai from 1937 to 1961.
		Continental Oil Company acquired the IPC concession in 1963 and formed the Dubai Petroleum Company (DPC).
		The dry gas is piped to the Dubai Aluminum Company (Dubal), where it fuels a large electric power and desalination plant.
	www.datadubai.com /oil.htm (424 words)

	History of Oil in Iraq- Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The powerful Iraq Petroleum Company, in which US and French firms held minority positions, acted always in the cartel interests of the Anglo-American companies.
		The company kept a monopoly of Iraq’s oil sector until nationalization in 1972.
		The Turkish Petroleum Company’s (TPC) creation by the UK aimed at seeking concessions to explore for Iraqi oil, to eliminate rivalry among TPC’s partners and to compete with US oil companies.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/iraq/history/oilhistindex.htm (793 words)

	Iraq on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		IRAQ [Iraq] or Irak, officially Republic of Iraq, republic (1996 est.
		Revelations in May of U.S. abuse of Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison in late 2003 and early 2004 sparked widespread dismay and outrage in Iraq, the United States, and the world, and in May, 2005, Amnesty International accused the U.S.-led forces of using torture in Iraq.
		Remarks by Vice President Cheney on Iraq and the War on Terror Followed by Question and Answer at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Iraq_Economy.asp (4577 words)

	Sumer Petroleum Services Limited
		He also participated in the development of many oil fields in north, central, and south Iraq and is well known to the operating organizations at these locations.
		He worked in all areas of Iraq and was seconded for six months for work and special velocity interpretation tasks in Abu Dhabi, Qatar, and Bahrain.
		He is well known for introducing and pioneering new seismic interpretation techniques in Iraq, and discovering a number of geological subsurface structures.
	www.sumerpetroleum.com /yacu.htm (629 words)

	Iraq & Kuwait
		The Iraq Petroleum Company was created in 1920 with 95% of the shares going to Britain, France, and the U.S. In order to weaken Arab nationalism, Britain blocked Iraqi access to the Persian Gulf by severing the territorial entity, "Kuwait" from the rest of Iraq in 1921 and 1922.
		The inability of Iraq to make those repairs means that the continuation of malnutrition, of inadequate water supplies, and most importantly, perhaps, the largest number of casualties today, is the result of dirty, contaminated water because of inadequate sewage treatment and water treatment facilities.
		The claim that Iraq poses a grave danger to the rest of the world, and to the United States in particular, is so ridiculous that it would not even merit the attention of a rebuttal except for the fact that U.S. government propaganda has been so successful in fabricating that threat.
	www.csun.edu /~vcmth00m/iraqkuwait.html (5663 words)

	Iraq Revenue Watch: Frequently Asked Questions
		Iraq's oil was originally developed through a western-based conglomerate called the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) - with BP, Shell, and the forerunner to Total (CFP-France) each getting roughly one quarter, with the remainder owned primarily by Standard Oil and Mobil.
		The largest of Iraq's oilfields slated for post-sanctions development is Majnoon, with reserves of 12-30 billion barrels of 28o-35o API oil, and located 30 miles north of Basra on the Iranian border.
		Companies involved in reconstruction projects would want the Ex-Im Bank-backed proposal to move ahead as early as this winter, to be assured of continuous funding.
	www.iraqrevenuewatch.org /faq (8862 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Oil, Palestine, and the Powers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		...This company is a subsidiary of the Iraq Petroleum Company...
		...The British-governmentcontrolled Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, which dominates the oil interests in Iraq, Iran, and Palestine, is of course committed to the official British line in the Middle East, which may be described as an all-out effort to gain the friendship of the Arabs...
		...The Interest of the Companies THE influence of the oil companies themselves in the determination of policy is rather hard to estimate...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V3I5P62-1.htm (3203 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Middle East \| Country profiles \| Timeline: Iraq
		Iraq is declared a republic and Qasim becomes prime minister.
		Iraq's army was all but destroyed in the 1991 Gulf War
		It is not accepted by Iraq until May 1996 and is not implemented until December 1996.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/737483.stm (1991 words)

	iraq oil summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The partners in the Iraq Petroleum Company were British Petroleum (23.75%), Shell (23.75%), Total (23.75%), Exxon (11.875%), Mobil (11.875%) and Partex (5%).
		Major discoveries were made at Kirkuk in Kurdistan in 1927 and at Zubair and Rumaila in southeast Iraq in 1949 and 1953, respectively.
		The most valuable oil properties in Iraq are probably Rumaila, with original oil in place of 51.67 billion barrels, Kirkuk with original oil in place of 37.5 billion barrels, Majnoon with original oil in place of 15 billion barrels, and Zubair with original oil in place of 15 billion barrels.
	www.gregcroft.com /iraq.ivnu (419 words)

	Iraq Petroleum Company - General Information 1970 -Al Mashriq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Facilities for the recovery of L.P.G. (Liquid Petroleum Gas) from the Reformer are also provided.
		Very light petroleum fractions, which are a further product of reforming, are used as Fuel Gas to feed the burners of the Catalytic Reforming Unit itself and to feed, in part, the burners of both distillation units and Ruston dual fuel engines running electrical alternators in the Power House.
		The Crude Kerosene from the distillation units is treated in a Plumbite sweetening plant, built by the I.P.C. in 1951 for Benzine sweetening and converted in 1965 to Kerosene.
	almashriq.hiof.no /lebanon/300/380/388/ipc/ipc-gi-1970/r-01.html (483 words)

	CNN.com - BP maps out Iraq strategy - Apr. 9, 2003
		Oil companies and the U.S. and British governments have been unwilling to talk openly about the future of the oil industry in Iraq.
		But industry insiders expect that early postwar Iraq oil contracts for the big companies like BP, Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch/Shell and others will be limited to staff secondment and consulting roles similar to those they have taken on in Kuwait since the first Gulf War in 1991.
		In 1920, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, as BP then was, became the largest shareholder of the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), a cartel of western oil companies that sought to carve up the energy resources of Iraq and those of other Middle East nations.
	www.cnn.com /2003/BUSINESS/04/09/bp.reut (720 words)

	A Timeline of Oil and Violence - Iraq
		Hussein sought to fund the rebuilding of Iraq (and to prop his regime) with its treasured oil resource, currently estimated at 250 billion barrels.
		Iraq broke off diplomatic connections with Iran after Iran occupied Persian Gulf Iraqi islands.
		Note: Two months into the war (Nov.1980), Khomeini expressed interest in releasing the hostages provided: Iranian assets were released, all sanctions were canceled, and that all of the Shah’s property was returned to Iran.
	www.ringnebula.com /Oil/Timeline-Iraq_040903c.htm (6011 words)

	UNDP Iraq
		Based on the available GDP data and data on oil production and exports, most observers agree that economic growth took off in when Iraq nationalized the Iraq Petroleum Company in 1972, and subsequent to the first oil shock in 1973, oil revenues began growing dramatically.
		The PDS was put in place by the Iraqi government in 1990, in order to provide monthly food rations to the entire population at subsidised prices after the U.N. Security Council imposed economic sanctions.
		In 1996, with the advent of the oil-for-food programme, food imports destined for the PDS were funded by the proceeds of Iraqi oil sales.
	www.iq.undp.org /ILCS/income.htm (722 words)

	AllRefer.com - Iraq - The Turkish Petroleum Company \| Iraqi Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		AllRefer.com - Iraq - The Turkish Petroleum Company
		You are here -allRefer - Reference - Country Study & Country Guide - Iraq
		Climate - Mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/iraq/iraq49.html (1635 words)

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