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Topic: Iraq sanctions

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	Sanctions Against Iraq - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		The sanctions remained in place thereafter, despite a harsh impact on innocent Iraqi civilians and an evident lack of pressure on Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein.
		For many Council members, Resolution 1483 fails to give an adequate role to the UN in post-war Iraq and to arrange for the return of the UN arms inspectors to certify that Iraq is free of weapons of mass destruction.
		From the earliest days of the sanctions, critics pointed to many serious flaws, including the humanitarian suffering of innocent civilians, the lack of clear criteria for lifting, and the failure of the sanctions to put direct pressure on Iraq's leaders.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/sanction/indexone.htm (703 words)

	Iraq sanctions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Critics of the sanctions say that hundreds of thousands of Iraqis, disproportionately children, died as a result of them, [2] although certain skeptics claim the numbers to be less.
		As the sanctions faced mounting criticism of its humanitarian impacts, Iraq was in 1996 allowed under the UN Oil-for-Food Programme (under Resolution 986) to export $5.2 billion (USD) of oil every 6 months with which to purchase items needed to sustain the civilian population.
		While UN resolutions subsequent to the cessation of hostilities during the Gulf War imposed several requisite responsibilities on Iraq for the removal of sanctions, the largest focus remained on the regime's development of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons, and in particular its laggard participation in the UNSCOM-led disarmament process required of it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iraq_sanctions (1317 words)

	Iraq Sanctions Case
		In the meantime, sanctions have caused Iraq's poor to suffer immeasurably and Iraq's ecology to suffer deleteriously.
		Furthermore, sanctions have not forced Saddam Hussein to change his sanctioned actions: He continues to drain the southern marshes, conducts chemical warfare on Iraqis, continues to threaten the safety of Kurds and Shiites, and continues to threaten the territorial autonomy of his neighbors.
		Iraq is in part supporting its economy by the gold reserves and other assets it stole from Kuwait during the Gulf War.
	www.american.edu /TED/iraqsanc.htm (3545 words)

	Reason Magazine - The Politics of Dead Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The idea that sanctions in Iraq have killed half a million children (or 1 million, or 1.5 million, depending on the hysteria of the source) took root in 1995 and 1996, on the basis of two transparently flawed studies, one inexplicable doubling of the studies' statistics, and a non-denial on 60 Minutes.
		In the hands of sanctions opponents and foreign policy critics, it was portrayed as a confession of fact, even though neither Albright nor the U.S. government has ever admitted to such a ghastly number (nor had anybody aside from CESR and Lesley Stahl ever suggested such a thing until May 1996).
		Sanctions critics almost always leave out one other salient fact: The vast majority of the horror stats they quote apply to the period before March 1997, when the oil-for-food program delivered its first boatload of supplies (nearly six years after the U.N. first proposed the idea to a reluctant Iraqi government).
	www.reason.com /news/show/28346.html (2689 words)

	Middle East Report Online: How the Sanctions Hurt Iraq , by Colin Rowat
		Since concerns about the sanctions often center on their harm to Iraqi civilians, the economic and humanitarian implications of the new proposals must be considered.
		Iraq's subsequent invasion of Kuwait seems at least partly a desperate bid to stave off economic collapse, by boosting oil prices, securing new sources of revenue and signaling a tough bargaining stance to other regional creditors.
		The total allowed oil spare parts allowed Iraq are $300 million per phase in Phases IV and V and $600 million per phase in Phases VI to X. Report of the team of experts established pursuant to paragraph 15 of Security Council resolution 1330 (2000), http://www.un.org/Depts/oip/reports/s2001_566.pdf, 6 June 2001.
	www.merip.org /mero/mero080201.html (2458 words)

	CNN.com - Britain, U.S. rethink Iraq sanctions - February 20, 2001
		The impact of sanctions has been eased in the last four years by an "oil-for-food" arrangement that allows Iraq to sell oil and buy food and medicines with some of the proceeds.
		Washington and London insist sanctions cannot be finally lifted until Iraq complies with 1991 Gulf War ceasefire resolutions and allows U.N. weapons inspectors to oversee elimination of its weapons of mass destruction programmes.
		But Iraq, which refused to let the inspectors back in after a wave of U.S.-British air strikes in December 1998, argues it has already met its obligations and has rallied international support for a complete end to what it calls the blockade.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/UK/02/20/iraq.sanctions (644 words)

	Effects of Sanctions - Global Issues
		Iraq had reached a stage where the basic indicators we use to measure the overall well-being of human beings, including children, were some of the best in the world.
		Smart sanctions were eventually passed unanimously in May 14, 2002 at the UN Security Council as the ninth revision to to the original economic sanctions passed against Iraq in 1990.
		The sanctions were finally lifted it seemed, not because of the humanitarian urgency demanded for years by people from the United Nations to grassroots activists, but because the political objective of removing the Saddam Hussein regime had been met.
	www.globalissues.org /Geopolitics/MiddleEast/Iraq/Sanctions.asp (5060 words)

	Terrorism - Sanctions and Weapons Inspections in Iraq
		It is generally recognized that sanctions have failed to achieve their stated purpose: the disarmament of Saddam Hussein's Iraq.
		Thus, Iraq was called upon to disclose all chemical and biological weapons stocks and facilities, nuclear materials, and surviving ballistic missile capabilities.
		The perception that sanctions were failing to compel Iraqi disarmament led to the adoption of SCR 1284 in December 1999.
	www.cdi.org /terrorism/iraq_sanctions.cfm (1429 words)

	SANCTIONS
		When it is recalled that, according to UN sources, Iraq was importing 70% of its food requirements even before the devastation of its agricultural sector by the Gulf War, the inadequacy of this sum is self-evident.
		The sanctions alone would not amount to siege warfare, but the blockade forcibly preventing goods from entering or leaving Iraq and the prohibition on Iraqis using their own funds held abroad provide the element of force required to bring the blockade/sanctions regime within the concept of siege warfare.
		In the case of Iraq, it would be to say that it may breach the Geneva Protocol while purporting to force Iraq to comply with the Geneva Protocol, which is cited as a justification for the sanctions in SCR 687.
	www.zmag.org /CrisesCurEvts/Iraq/sanctions.htm (7467 words)

	Killing Sanctions in Iraq
		Iraq would have to use precious resources to refrigerate the medicine in hopes it could someday be used.
		Heller says it is a falsehood that Iraq has the means to meet its humanitarian needs, but he ignores the quote from Kofi Annan that Iraq is indeed in a position to address the nutritional and health conditions of the Iraqi people.
		Some version of smart sanctions may have been appropriate for the UN back in 1990; after more than a decade of devastatingly dumb sanctions, it's simply too little and too late, and Iraq is too badly devastated, for such proposals.
	www.thenation.com /doc/20020121/letter (4489 words)

	Iraq Sanctions War sanctions embargo genocide holocaust UN UNICEF malnutrtion WHO saddam hussein oil for food blockade
		In July 1998 (after the sanctions), 6,495 children per month under the age of five died, a 16-fold increase from before the sanctions.
		Iraq is being collectively tortured for its defiance of American and Israeli domination plans for the region.
		Its extent became apparent during 1991 and the prevalence has increased greatly since then: 18% in 1991 to 31% in 1996 of [children] under five with chronic malnutrition (stunting); 9% to 26% with underweight malnutrition; 3% to 11% with wasting (acute malnutrition), an increase in over 200%.
	www.geocities.com /iraqinfo/sanctions/sanctions.html (756 words)

	President Removes Iraq Sanctions
		The regime that the sanctions were directed against no longer rules Iraq.
		And we want a democratic Iraq in which the Iraqis may decide their own future, they can be -- have their own future in their own hands, and naturally, that they can live in freedom.
		And not only was I able to thank our troops, I was able to speak to the country and talk about not only their courage, but the courage of a lot of other men and women who wear our country's uniform.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2003/05/20030507-15.html (1678 words)

	Some Iraq Sanctions To Be Eased by U.S.
		A State Department official said the easing of U.S. sanctions is unrelated to the campaign to remove the U.N. sanctions.
		The change is aimed at allowing gear such as computers to be sent to Iraq because they are needed for tasks including organizing charitable activities and overseeing the dredging of a harbor in southern Iraq, officials said.
		One administration official noted that Germany, a staunch opponent of the war in Iraq, assured the administration this week that it would be prepared to support the lifting of the sanctions even if the United Nations has not certified that Iraq's weapons of mass destruction have been destroyed.
	www.iraqfoundation.org /news/2003/emay/8_sanctions.html (1121 words)

	Sanctions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Resolution 661 (1990) of 6 August 1990 imposed economic sanctions on Iraq, including a full trade embargo barring all imports from and exports to Iraq, excepting only medical supplies, foodstuffs, and other items of humanitarian need, as determined by the Security Council sanctions committee, which was also established by Resolution 661.
		The sanctions committee is chaired by the Ambassador of Ghana, with the delegations of
		Resolution 1483 (2003), adopted 22 May 2003, the Security Council determined that, except for prohibitions related to the sale or supply to Iraq or arms and related material, all prohibitions related to trade with Iraq and other sanctions measures established by Resolution 661 (1990) and subsequent resolutions shall no longer apply.
	www.un.org /News/ossg/iraq.htm (989 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Containing Iraq: Sanctions Worked - George A. Lopez and David Cortright
		The United Nations sanctions that began in August 1990 were the longest running, most comprehensive, and most controversial in the history of the world body.
		Most analysts argued prior to the Iraq war -- and, in many cases, continue to argue -- that sanctions were a failure.
		Sanctions compelled Iraq to accept inspections and monitoring and won concessions from Baghdad on political issues such as the border dispute with Kuwait.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20040701faessay83409/george-a-lopez-david-cortright/containing-iraq-sanctions-worked.html (1000 words)

	CNN.com - U.N. Security Council lifts Iraq sanctions - May. 22, 2003
		CNN's Michael Okwu on the son of a former Iraqi diplomat accused by U.S. authorities of spying.
		The U.N. Security Council voted Thursday to lift sanctions against Iraq after almost 13 years and to give the United States and Great Britain authority to control the country until an elected government is in place.
		NATO's flag will not fly in Iraq, but diplomats told Reuters the alliance's decision to start planning for logistical and operational support to the Polish-led multinational force could be the first step toward a much bigger role.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/meast/05/22/sprj.irq.main/index.html (978 words)

	Voices in the Wilderness : Sanctions on Iraq - War: Myth & Reality
		The dossier on Iraq’s terror and weapons of mass destruction, produced by Tony Blair and praised by Colin Powell and the White House, was plagiarized from journalist Sean Boyne’s 1997 contribution to the defense magazine Janes and Ibrahim al-Marashi’s post-graduate thesis.
		Though Washington promotes pre-emption as a deterrent to threats and terrorism from Iraq and its agents, CIA director George Tenet has stated the contrary: that, right now, the threat of terrorist attack against the U.S. from Iraq is minimal to none, but the likelihood dramatically increases in the event of a U.S. invasion.
		Lift economic sanctions, allowing the people of Iraq room to breathe, to live, to rebuild their lives and the means to move toward self-determination.
	vitw.org /archives/318 (4256 words)

	UN Sanctions Against Iraq
		The sanctions have made it practically impossible to replace glass broken at the Raschdiva greenhouse complex during the coalition's bombing attacks on a nearby communications outpost during the war.
		Eric Rouleau described Iraq's food shortage, stating, "For visitors who knew Iraq in happier times, it is astonishing to realize that it is possible to die of hunger in one of the world's richest countries, on land covering the largest oil reserves in the world, after those of Saudi Arabia" (Rouleau 63).
		A continued enforcement of the sanctions in light of Iraqi compliance and the deplorable standards of living they have created, leads one to the conclusion that the initial objectives of the sanctions have undergone a radical transformation.
	iraqwar.org /impossible.htm (5887 words)

	OJR Reporter's Toolbox: Effects of Sanctions on Iraq
		Resolution 661, prohibiting all imports from Iraq and occupied Kuwait, freezing all of Iraq’s overseas assets, and blocking all exports to Saddam Hussein’s country “not including supplies intended strictly for medical purposes, and, in humanitarian circumstances, foodstuffs,” until Iraq complied with Resolution 660 … which it never did.
		This is certainly the case with the effects of sanctions on Iraq.
		Humanitarian Panel Report on Iraq, synthesizing the studies of a dozen U.N. agencies and several outside groups.
	mattwelch.com /OJRsave/OJRsave/IraqSanctions.htm (928 words)

	Campaign Against Sanctions on Iraq (CASI)
		The Campaign Against Sanctions on Iraq (CASI) aimed to raise awareness of the effects of sanctions on Iraq, and campaigned on humanitarian grounds for the lifting of non-military sanctions.
		This website is maintained as an archive of information relating to the sanctions and Iraq before this date.
		At an EGM on 18th October, the Campaign Against Sanctions on Iraq was formally dissolved.
	www.casi.org.uk (566 words)

	Electronic Iraq
		The Clinton administration, justifying small-scale bombings and the continuation of economic sanctions, engaged in fear mongering identical to that of its successor administration.
		Since the guerrilla strategy in Iraq is to provoke a Sunni-Shiite civil war as a way of making the country ungovernable and forcing the Americans out, attacks on symbols of the Twelfth Imam are especially effective.'
		The Iraqi parliament is considering a package of measures to meet the needs of the growing number of Iraqis who have fled to neighboring countries, a lawmaker said on 19 June.
	electroniciraq.net (566 words)

	Act Together: Women's Action for Iraq
		We formed in 2000 to campaign against the economic sanctions on Iraq and, since late 2001, also campaigned against the US/US invasion of Iraq.
		February 2005: Iraq: Decades of suffering, Now women deserve better, a report by Amnesty International, shows that Iraqi women continue to live with violence and fear.
		She traces the political history of Iraq from post-colonial independence, to the emergence of a women’s movement in the 1950s and Saddam Hussein’s early policy of state feminism.
	www.acttogether.org (573 words)

	Citizens Concerned for the People of Iraq - working to end war and economic sanctions
		INOC is dedicated to helping the people of Iraq recover from over 12 years of economic sanctions and war, as well as educating the public about the health effects of wars and the unacceptability of bombing civilian infrastructure and economic sanctions.
		UNICEF, sanctions against Iraq contributed to the deaths of half a million children under the age of five.
		Voices in the Wilderness sent its 71st delegation to Iraq in August 2003
	www.scn.org /ccpi (474 words)

	CNN.com - Details of resolution to lift Iraq sanctions - May. 8, 2003
		Virtually all of the economic sanctions imposed on Iraq for the last 13 years would be lifted under a proposed U.N. Security Council resolution, being jointly sponsored by the United States, Britain and Spain that may be presented Friday.
		U.S. officials say the sanctions are no longer needed after the removal of Saddam Hussein's regime and that lifting the sanctions will hasten reconstruction of the war-torn country.
		The sanctions were imposed in August 1990 shortly after Iraq invaded Kuwait.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/meast/05/08/iraq.sanctions (535 words)

	IRAQ SANCTIONS CHALLENGE HOME PAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		INTERNATIONAL DAY OF PROTEST: January 16/ JOIN A DELEGATION TO IRAQ: Jan. 2001 Iraq Sanctions Challenge IV Iraq Sanctions Challenge III--January 14-21, 2000: reports from delegates
		Chronicle of January 2000 Medicine for Iraq Challenge
		Chronicle of May 1998 Medicine for Iraq Challenge
	www.iacenter.org /iraqchallenge (55 words)

	U.S. Treasury - Sanctions Program Summaries - Iraq
		Modifying the Protection Granted to the Development Fund for Iraq
		This document is explanatory only and does not have the force of law.
		The Executive Orders and implementing regulations dealing with Iraq contain the legally binding provisions governing the sanctions and this document does not supplement or modify those Executive Orders or regulations.
	www.treas.gov /offices/enforcement/ofac/programs/iraq/iraq.shtml (251 words)

	Backflip Publisher: thomasn528 \| Folder: Iraq sanctions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Select a Web page from this folder below.
		Public Directory > thomasn528 > Iraq sanctions (20)
		Anti-sanctions account, including some documentation: - MAI (Medical Aid for Iraq) reports - FAO/WFP report #237 - July 1999 UNICEF report - UNICEF Countrywide child and maternal mortality survey (added 2001/10/08)
	www.backflip.com /members/thomasn528/10232759 (143 words)

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