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Topic: Irene (empress)

	Irene, Byzantine empress. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In 797 Irene had her son deposed and blinded, and she ascended the throne.
		Her accession served as pretext for Charlemagne to be crowned emperor in 800.
		Irene was deposed in 802 and died in exile.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ir/IreneByz.html (121 words)

	Irene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Irene is the name on the list of tropical cyclone names for the ninth tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Ocean in 2005, having been used as the name for five tropical cyclones in the past; see Tropical Storm Irene (disambiguation).
		Irene is the name of a song on the album Momentum, the first album by Christian rapper/singer tobyMac.
		Irene was also the go-code for the final stage of Operation Gothic Serpent(also known as the Battle of Mogadishu).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irene (240 words)

	Empress Irene of Athens
		When Irene of Athens was crowned sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire in 797, she became the first woman ever to hold the throne of the old Roman Empire.
		Irene came to rule the Byzantine Empire at a time when it was deeply divided over the use of icons (sacred paintings or sculptures) in the church.
		Irene was taken to the island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea off the west coast of Turkey, where she died in 803.
	www.edwardsly.com /irene.htm (767 words)

	Irene (empress) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Her most notable act was the restoration of the orthodox veneration of icons or images, a policy which she always had secretly favoured, though compelled to abjure it in her husband's lifetime.
		A hollow semblance of friendship was maintained between Constantine and Irene, whose title of empress was confirmed in 792; but the rival factions remained, and Irene, by skillful intrigues with the bishops and courtiers, organized a powerful conspiracy on her own behalf.
		Nevertheless, Irene is said to have endeavoured to negotiate a marriage between herself and Charlemagne; but according to Theophanes, who alone mentions it, the scheme was frustrated by Aëtius, one of her favourites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_Emperor_Irene (644 words)

	Mabelyn.com - Infamous Women
		Irene was involved in a number of situations where miraculous help was delivered in response to her prayers.
		She was an Athenian by birth and at seventeen (768) she married Leo, the heir of Emperor Constantine V. Constantine was known for his vehement opposition to the worship of icons and statues; a practice commonly known as iconoclasm.
		Irene reigned alone but the court was divided in a power struggle between the two eunuchs who served as her ministers: Stauricious and Aetius.
	www.mabelyn.com /infamous_women/irene.htm (1052 words)

	Irene Chrysovalantou - OrthodoxWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Irene was impressed by the monastery's atmosphere and the sisterhood's way of life, so much so that she freed her slaves, gave her inherited wealth and dowry to the poor and entered the community, wearing a habit of sackcloth.
		Irene would do this for three years, and the evil one was unable to divert her because of Irene's success in subduing earthly thoughts and temptations through abstinence and obedience.
		After this, Irene had only to cross herself as successful defense against the evil one; however, on one occasion she was so shaken with doubt that she fell to the ground, shedding tears of prayer to the Lord, His holy Mother, all the saints and the archangels (to whom the monastery was dedicated).
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Irene_Chrysovalantou (4293 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Irene (Wife of Leo IV)
		Irene was born in Athens, presumably between 750 and 755 (the actual date is unknown, but she can hardly have been older than her husband, Leo IV, who was born in January 750)[[1]] In 769 the iconoclast emperor Constantine V Copronymus (the 'dung-named') wanted a bride for his eldest son and heir Leo IV.
		While Irene was an orphan, her uncle Constantine Sarantapechos was a patrician and possibly strategos (commander of the theme) of the Helladics; his son and her nephew Theophylact, a spatharius -- presumably appointed by Irene herself -- is mentioned in connection with the suppression of a revolt centering around Constantine V's sons in 799.
		Irene was also an active philanthropist: she established several homes for the aged, hospices for the poor, xenodocheia (hostels for travellers), and a cemetery for the poor.
	www.roman-emperors.org /irene.htm (9864 words)

	St. Irene Chrysovalantou \| The Life of St. Irene
		Irene had heard of a man that lived an extremely ascetical life on Mt. Olympus named Ioannikios the Great and knowing that he was a holy man she very much desired to see him.
		Irene was not in the least upset by this, but rather, she gave thanks to God that He enlightened the king to choose another wife.
		Such was the trust that Irene had gained that she was made the treasurer and purchaser of the monastery and was given the care of the silver Pieces of the convent.
	www.stirene.org /StIreneChrysovalantou/StIreneChrysovalantou_index.htm (7226 words)

	Irene (empress) information - Search.com
		Her most notable act was the restoration of the orthodox veneration of icons or images, a policy which she always had secretly favoured, though compelled to abjure it in her husband's lifetime.
		A hollow semblance of friendship was maintained between Constantine and Irene, whose title of empress was confirmed in 792; but the rival factions remained, and Irene, by skillful intrigues with the bishops and courtiers, organized a powerful conspiracy on her own behalf.
		Nevertheless, Irene is said to have endeavoured to negotiate a marriage between herself and Charlemagne; but according to Theophanes, who alone mentions it, the scheme was frustrated by Aëtius, one of her favourites.
	www.search.com /reference/Byzantine_Empress_Irene (650 words)

	Leo to Irene - History for Kids!
		Irene was originally from Athens, and she was a total iconodule: she loved images and as soon as she came to power, she put all the images back.
		In 800, however, Charlemagne had himself crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome, challenging Irene, and in 802 he made matters worse by sending her a proposal of marriage.
		Irene seemed to be about to accept the proposal, when her horrified subjects deposed her and exiled her to Lesbos.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/medieval/history/byzantine/irene.htm (606 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Iconoclasm
		The Empress Irene was regent for her son Constantine VI (780-97), who was nine years old when his father died.
		The synod was closed with the usual Polychronia or formal acclamation, and Epiphanius, a deacon of Catania in Sicily, preached a sermon to the assembled fathers.
		Lastly, there was their indignation against the political conduct of the Empress Irene, the state of friction that led to the coronation of Charlemagne at Rome and the establishment of a rival empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07620a.htm (6636 words)

	St. Irene of Chrysovalantou (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The beautiful daughter of an aristocratic family from Cappadocia, Irene was to be betrothed to the heir of the Byzantine throne, Michael, son of the saintly Empress Theodora (reigned 842-855).
		Her choice was confirmed by the clairvoyant patriarch, Methodius the Confessor, who, without knowing Irene nor having been appraised of the abbess's wish, was guided by the Holy Spirit to appoint Irene as the community's new superior.
		As for Irene, in her humility she was overwhelmed by what she felt to be her inadequacy in taking on such a responsibility, and she redoubled her spiritual efforts, for which she was rewarded by yet greater wisdom and prophetic insight in the supremely difficult task of guiding souls to a blessed eternity.
	www.roca.org /OA/104/104d.htm (1210 words)

	Irene
		Irene was the Empress at Constantinople during the reign of Charlemagne.
		The Empress Irene blinded her son to prevent his accession to the throne.
		This proposal was rejected, and the easterners themselves deposed Irene and elected Nicephorus emperor in her stead.
	latter-rain.com /ltrain/irene.htm (141 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Life of Irene, Abbess of the Convent of Chrysobalanton
		The Empress Theodora, who had been married to the Emperor although she was faithful to God, succeeded to his throne but not to his impiety.
		Thus the admirable Irene, whose mode of life this writing will narrate from the beginning, a woman renowned for moral grace and corporeal beauty alike, was given a most rich and splendid outfit by her parents, who sent her to Constantinople from Cappadocia whence she drew her origin.
		Again Irene heard her saying, 'Call for Anastasia!' At once two women appeared, one of whom was dressed in a monastic habit and was called (it seemed to her) 'the Roman'.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/irene-chrysobalanton.html (13728 words)

	Writers' Window (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Irene of Athens became was crowned sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire in 797.
		Irene was frightened that she would lose power, when her son came to the throne; she demanded that her name be placed above Constantine’s in all public documents.
		Irene was taken to the island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea off the west coast of Turkey.
	english.unitecnology.ac.nz /writers/display_story.html?name=IreneofAthens (1040 words)

	Irene - AOL Music
		According to tradition, her husband discovered icons concealed among Irene's possessions and refused to share the marriage bed with her ever after.
		Irene Dunne (December 20, 1898 - September 4, 1990) was a five-time Academy Award-nominated American film actress and singer of the 1930s and 1940s.
		Irene official AOL Music site for Irene music videos, Irene songs, Irene photos, Irene live performances and more information on Irene.
	music.aol.com /artist/irene/89334/main (84 words)

	In the Heart of Darkness by David Drake * Eric Flint - Chapter 4 - Baen Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the room, the Empress continued to stare blindly at the wall, maintaining her rigid posture, until the sound of the receding soldiers faded completely away.
		Irene noted, with the detached interest of a spymaster, that for all their bitter anguish the sobs had been almost silent.
		When Irene had approached Theodora, a week earlier, with her charges against Narses and her plan to trap him in a treasonous meeting, it had been the Empress who had purchased this villa to serve as their command post.
	www.baen.com /chapters/heart_4.htm (3634 words)

	Irene articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		His mother, Irene, was regent until 790, when she was deposed by a military revolt.
		Her attributes were similar to those of the Greek Irene, the olive branch and the horn of plenty.
		The elder, the master and probably the father or the brother of Praxiteles, is noted for the statue Irene and Plutus [Peace and Wealth].
	www.encyclopedia.com /printablenew/06463.html (426 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Irene of Byzantium (752-803)
		Irene (752-803), the wife of Leo IV, was Byzantine emperor from 797 to 802.
		A hollow semblance of friendship was maintained between Constantine and Irene, whose title of empress was confirmed in 792; but the rival factions remained, and Irene, by skilful intrigues with the bishops and courtiers, organized a powerful conspiracy on her own behalf.
		She is said to have endeavoured to negotiate a marriage between herself and Charlemagne; but according to Theophanes,; who alone mentions it, the scheme was frustrated by AÃ«tius, one of her favourites.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=439 (664 words)

	Irene - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Irene (752-803), Byzantine empress, born of a humble family in Athens.
		Dunne, Irene (1904–1990), American actor, who appeared in a wide variety of films but is most closely associated with the genre of romantic...
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Irene.html (72 words)

	Fortune's Stroke: Chapter Six
		The Empress of Andhra -- it was a grandiose title, for a young girl leading a rebellion against Malwa, but one to which she was legitimately entitled -- had requested Irene's presence in the imperial audience chamber.
		Irene had an aptitude for languages -- that skill was a necessity for a spymaster in Rome's polyglot empire -- and she had been tutored by Belisarius before leaving Constantinople.
		Irene had realized, weeks ago, that the subject of Shakuntala's possible dynastic marriage was a source of considerable tension in the palace.
	jiltanith.thefifthimperium.com /Collections/FortunesStrokeChapters/FortunesStroke_06.htm (5171 words)

	St. Tharasius (Tarasius) of Constantinople, March 15 (February 25) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Empress Irene, regent for her son, privately a true Christian during her husband's lifetime, schemed to gain power over the whole government to end the persecution of true Christians by the Iconoclasts.
		The Holy Father sent legates with letters to the emperor, empress, and patriarch that, in the presence of his legates, the false council of the Iconoclasts should first be condemned and efforts made to re-establish holy images throughout the empire.
		Irene won over the elite, seized power and had Constantine imprisoned and blinded with so much violence that he died in 797.
	www.reu.org /public/saints/Tharasius.htm (1244 words)

	China's last empress gets her due
		In China, schoolchildren are taught that Tzu Hsi -- Orchid -- the last empress of China, was "the enemy of the human race," the downfall of an imperial culture that had survived 2,000 years.
		At 26, the widow Orchid becomes Empress Dowager, but she is almost assassinated on her journey to return the emperor's body to the Forbidden City.
		"Empress Orchid" sets up Min's next book, in which she will write about the 46 years the empress remained in power.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/2004/02/01/RVGJM4F2IE1.DTL (627 words)

	Irene, Empress of the East (752-803) : Library of Congress Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Irene, Empress of the East (752-803) : Library of Congress Citations
		Irene, Empress of the East, 752?-803 -- Fiction.
		Notes: Holland, C. The golden belt, 1984, c1983: CIP galley (Irene, wife of the Emperor Leo IV) LC data base, 9/28/83 (Irene, Empress of the East, 752?-803)
	www.mala.bc.ca /~mcneil/cit/citlcirene1.htm (219 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : An Elephant for Charlemagne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Finally, stretching along the southern Mediterranean shores, and blanketing the whole of what we know today as the Middle East, as well as Spain, was a gigantic state administered from the new city of Baghdad by the Abbasid Dynasty of the Islamic Empire.
		The Empress Irene, as it happened, was also aware of the importance of the Abbasids; their armies had recently besieged Constantinople, her capital, and to end the siege she had been forced to promise an annual tribute to Baghdad.
		Irene, therefore, was also interested in an alliance—but with Charlemagne.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197702/an.elephant.for.charlemagne.htm (1252 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The aim was to unite the church and to condemn the decrees passed by the council of 338 bishops held at Hiereia and St Mary of Blachernae in 754.
		At the eighth and last session, which was held at the request of Constantine and Irene in the Magnaura palace in Constantinople, the definition was again decreed and proclaimed and 22 canons were read out.
		Emperor Constantine VI and his mother Irene signed the acts of the council but it is unclear whether or not they promulgated a decree on the matter.
	library.catholic.org /councils/councils7.txt (4059 words)

	Second Council of Nicaea - 787
		The aim was to unite the church and to condemn the decrees passed by the council of 338 bishops held at Hiereia and St Mary of Blachernae in 754.
		At the eighth and last session, which was held at the request of Constantine and Irene in the Magnaura palace in Constantinople, the definition was again decreed and proclaimed and 22 canons were read out.
		Emperor Constantine VI and his mother Irene signed the acts of the council but it is unclear whether or not they promulgated a decree on the matter.
	www.piar.hu /councils/ecum07.htm (4457 words)

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