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Topic: Iridium

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	Iridium (satellite) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Iridium satellites were, however, retained in orbit, and their services were re-established in 2001 by the newly founded Iridium Satellite LLC, owned by a group of private investors.
		Iridium Satellite LLC claims to have approximately 137,500 subscribers as of September 30, 2005, which is a 22% increase from the third quarter 2004.
		Iridium and other satellite phones may be identifiable to the listener because of the particular "clipping" effect of the data compression and the latency (experienced as a noticeable lag or time delay) due to the electronic equipment used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iridium_(satellite) (1386 words)

	Iridium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A dense, very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum family, iridium is used in high strength alloys that can withstand high temperatures and occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium.
		Iridium was discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant in London, England along with osmium in the dark-colored residue of dissolving crude platinum in aqua regia (a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acid).
		An alloy of 90% platinum and 10% iridium was used in 1889 to construct the standard metre bar and kilogram mass, kept by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures near Paris.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iridium (696 words)

	MSN Encarta - Iridium
		Iridium and osmium are together considered to be the densest elements; their densities are so close as to be nearly indistinguishable.
		Iridium is found in alluvial deposits alloyed with platinum as platiniridium and with osmium as osmiridium.
		Iridium was discovered by the British chemist Smithson Tennant in 1804 and was named for the iridescent nature of some of its compounds.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761556286 (275 words)

	iridium. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Iridium is a very hard, usually brittle, extremely corrosion-resistant silver-white metal with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure.
		Iridium is found uncombined in nature as the metal and in combination with osmium and platinum.
		Iridium was discovered in 1804 by Smithson Tennant; it is so named because of its various highly colored salts.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ir/iridium.html (284 words)

	Iridium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Iridium, a metal of the platinum family, is white, similar to platinum, but with a slight yellowish cast.
		Iridium is not attacked by any of the acids nor by aqua regia, but is attacked by molten salts, such as NaCl and NaCN.
		Iridium occurs uncombined in nature with platinum and other metals of this family in alluvial deposits.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/iridium.html (277 words)

	Iridium Flares (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Iridium 85 (inoperable) was the second satellite to reenter on Dec 31, 2000.
		Iridium 27 (inoperable) was the fourth satellite to reenter on Feb 1, 2002.
		Two Iridium satellites are tentatively planned to be launched aboard a Eurockot on a Rokot KM vehicle (a modified RS-18 ICBM) from Plesetsk, Russia in June 2002.
	www.satobs.org /iridium.html (1843 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Iridium
		Iridium and osmium were discovered at the same time by the British chemist Smithson Tennant in 1803.
		Iridium and osmium were identified in the fl residue remaining after dissolving platinum ore with aqua regia, a mixture of 25% nitric acid (HNO
		Since meteors and asteroids contain a higher percentage of iridium than the earth's crust, this iridium enriched layer is seen as evidence that the earth was struck by a large meteor or asteroid at that time.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele077.html (253 words)

	Lloyd's satellite constellations - Overview - Iridium
		Iridium's performance deadline extension was 31 May 1999, but they gained an extension to the end of June and Motorola was to make a decision in July, which in essence was 'we support provided everyone else does'.
		Iridium has apparently pledged to free up frequencies in the hydroxyl region of the spectrum by 2006, according to this report.
		In the meantime, Iridium is interfering with detection of oxygen-hydrogen bonds, as detailed in John Galt's report (16 March 1999).
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Personal/L.Wood/constellations/iridium.html (2478 words)

	Iridium From Concept to Reality
		Iridium will be the first mobile telephony system to offer voice and data services to and from handheld telephones anywhere in the world.
		The Iridium system was described in an application to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) filed in December of that year, in a supplement of February 1991, and an amendment in August 1992.
		Iridium World Communications, Ltd., a Bermuda company, was formed to serve as a vehicle for public investment in the Iridium system.
	www.aticourses.com /news/iridium.htm (3900 words)

	77 Iridium
		An alloy of 90% platinum and 10% iridium is widely used in both the jewelry and chemical industries, because it is strong, hard, beautiful, and impervious to almost all chemicals even at very high temperatures.
		Osmium and Iridium are the two densest elements in the world (they are in fact so close in density that which one is considered the densest has switched a couple of times over the years).
		This iridium was original sold to Sacks by my friend Max Whitby in the form of marble-sized buttons.
	www.theodoregray.com /PeriodicTable/Elements/077 (1049 words)

	Wired News: Iridium's Shot at a Second Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A big reason that Iridium stands a better chance of succeeding now is that its current owners don't have the massive debt burden that weighed on their predecessors.
		Iridium Satellite paid an estimated $25 million to acquire Iridium -- a veritable drop in the bucket compared to the billions spent developing the network.
		Iridium started off illustriously enough back in the early 1990s, when a team of Motorola engineers first tackled the ambitious scheme of designing a network of satellites capable of transmitting phone calls anywhere on earth's surface.
	www.wired.com /news/business/0,1367,42715,00.html (1007 words)

	What is Iridium
		In July 1996 Iridium LLC (limited liability corporation) was formed and Iridium, Inc. was merged into the LLC.
		Iridium LLC is alive and well and the partners own the satellite constellation.
		Iridium is simply another very clever step, by the global elitists, toward taking control of peoples lives around the world — remember, Big Brother and his Telescreen.
	www.ournation.org /iridium.htm (1226 words)

	Iridium Satellite Messaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As a one-way alternative to dial-up voice and data, Iridium Messaging allows you to communicate to subscribers located in the most remote areas of the world in a lowest-cost and efficient manner.
		As with all of the Iridium satellite services, your communications are digitally encrypted and secure to accommodate your tracking information, account numbers, contact information, and any information that might be necessary for a multitude of tasks.
		Iridium paging services and equipment are extremely versatile and cost effective (even if you are not a world traveler).
	www.satcomsystemsinc.com /iridium/messaging.html (1025 words)

	Iridium
		08 December 1997 Iridium 42 Spacecraft: LM 700.
		08 December 1997 Iridium 44 Spacecraft: LM 700.
		20 December 1997 Iridium 46 Spacecraft: LM 700.
	www.astronautix.com /project/iridium.htm (1070 words)

	IRIDIUM (Information Only) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The IRIDIUM system is a satellite-based, wireless personal communications network designed to permit any type of telephone transmission - voice, paging, facsimile or data - to reach its destination anywhere on Earth.
		A variety of subscriber equipment is available to communicate with the Iridium network, including dual-mode handsets, specialized aeronautical and marine units, numeric and alphanumeric pagers.
		An Iridium Portable Telephone is quite similar to a conventional hand-held cellular terminal.
	www.iridium.ru /engindex.htm (523 words)

	OCENS - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Iridium Satellite System is the only provider of truly global, truly mobile satellite voice and data solutions with complete coverage of the Earth (including oceans, airways and Polar regions).
		OCENS and Iridium offer portable and fixed equipment solutions to fit your needs, be they for pleasure, commercial or industrial applications.
		It is significantly smaller, lighter and more resistant to water, dust and shock than the original Iridium 9500 and is ideal for industrial or rugged conditions, yet appealing to the traveling professional.
	www.ocens.com /cgi-bin/catalog/prod_page.pl?id=2&grp=iridium (495 words)

	Irdium
		Because iridium is very hard and brittle, it is hard to machine, form, or work.
		The specific gravity of iridium is only very slightly lower than osmium, which is generally credited as the heaviest known element.
		Although its principal use is as a hardening agent for platinum, iridium is also used to make crucibles and devices requiring high temperatures.
	www.corrosionsource.com /handbook/periodic/77.htm (293 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - IRIDIUM
		The seminal studies of Robert G. Bergman and William A. Graham 20 years ago featured iridium complexes containing the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand and were followed with investigations using other Ir(I) systems having electronically related tridentate ligands.
		Iridium complexes are generally not as good as rhodium analogs for homogeneous catalysis because they form more stable oxidative addition products, but the Cativa system for acetic acid synthesis developed by BP employs Ir(I) and Ir(III) carbonyl iodides.
		From oxidative addition, bond activation, and catalysis to electronic structure and luminescence, the allure of iridium is powerful and seductive.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/iridium.html (864 words)

	Iridium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Iridium Africa Corporation was formed by Mawarid Overseas Company to invest in Iridium, Inc. Mawarid is one of the largest diversified companies in Saudi Arabia with operations in construction, municipal services and telecommunications.
		Iridium Middle East Corporation was formed by Mawarid and the Saudi Binladin Group - one of the largest groups in Saudi Arabia, with operations in construction and telecommunications.
		Iridium SudAmerica Corporation was formed by Iridium Andes-Caribe (IAC), INEPAR and Motorola, Inc. IAC is a consortium of private Venezuelan investors with experience in consumer foodstuffs, communications, construction, finance and retailing.
	www.computerreview.com /profile/iridium.htm (887 words)

	Jumpgate - Database:Commodities:Iridium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Iridium is a brittle and extremely hard metal.
		Iridium is used chiefly as an alloying material for platinum; the alloy, containing about 10 percent iridium, is much harder than pure platinum.
		Platinum-iridium alloys containing larger percentages of iridium are used in making precision instruments, needle points, surgical lasers and tools.
	www.jossh.com /database/commodities/iridium.html (62 words)

	Iridium LLC - Summary
		Iridium provides global mobile telecommunications services using a constellation of 66 low earth orbit (LEO) satellites in a 86.4 BA inclined orbit.
		Although 77 satellites were originally envisioned for the system and spawned the name based on the 77th element in the periodic table, the system has been scaled back.
		Iridium Satellite LLC resumed service in March 2001, with cheaper prices.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/constellations/iridium_sum.shtml (217 words)

	Wired News: Iridium Falls out of Orbit
		Iridium spent more than $5 billion to launch the most elaborate satellite telephone system ever built, but in the last 10 months it drew fewer customers than the peanut stand at a minor-league baseball game.
		Iridium also said it targeted the wrong market by trying primarily to sell to business travelers, who already have mobile phones that meet their needs.
		Iridium's biggest shareholder, Motorola, said it will continue to offer financial and operational support to Iridium, and said it thought a debt restructuring plan could be drawn up within 30 days.
	www.wired.com /news/business/0,1367,21267,00.html (583 words)

	Forbes.com: The Return Of Iridium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The new Iridium is paying subcontractor Boeing (nsye: BA - news - people) 10% of what the old company paid to operate and maintain the satellites.
		The old Iridium operated a dozen so-called gateways, the ground stations involved in satellite operations, where voice calls are switched between the satellites and the ground-based telephone system.
		Apparently, despite the failure of the first Iridium, there are still companies and governments that want the service--and for whom the high cost of the equipment isn't an issue.
	www.forbes.com /2001/11/30/1130tentech.html (997 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : iridium : key information
		The industrial extraction of iridium is complex as the metal occurs in ores mixed with other metals such as rhodium, palladium, silver, platinum, and gold.
		Sometimes extraction of the precious metals such as iridium, rhodium, platinum and palladium is the main focus of a partiular industrial operation while in other cases it is a byproduct.
		The extraction is complex because of the other metals present and only worthwhile since iridium is useful as a specialist metal and is the basis of some catalysts in industry.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Ir/key.html (460 words)

	Periodic Table : Scholar edition: iridium : The Essentials
		Small and large samples of iridium foil like this, as well as wire, can be purchased via their web catalogue from Advent Research Materials via their web catalogue.
		The name iridium is appropriate, for its salts are highly coloured.
		Iridium is white, similar to platinum, but with a slight yellowish cast.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/scholar/elements/iridium/key.html (246 words)

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