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Topic: Irish Civil War

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	Irish Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the cause of the civil war was the treaty, as the war developed the Republicans sought to identify their actions with the traditional republican cause of the "men of no property" and the result was that the war also saw large Anglo-Irish landowners, and some not very well-off Protestant Loyalists, attacked.
		The fact that the Irish Civil War was fought between Irish Nationalist factions meant that the issue of Northern Ireland was ignored and Ireland was spared what could have been a far bloodier civil war based on ethnic and sectarian lines over the future of Ireland's six north-eastern counties.
		Collins, up to the outbreak of the civil war and possibly until his death, had been planning to launch a clandestine guerrilla campaign against the Northern state and was funnelling arms to the northern units of the IRA to this end.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_Civil_War (5083 words)

	Executions during the Irish Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This phase of the war was a guerrilla war and both sides, the Government forces of the Irish Free State and the Anti-Treaty IRA insurgents, used executions and terror.
		The Free State's official executions of 77 Anti-Treaty prisoners during the civil war was recalled by Fianna Fáil (the political party that emerged from the anti-Treaty side in 1926) members with bitterness for decades afterwards.
		In the hardline Irish republican tradition, those IRA members executed in the civil war became martyrs and were venerated in songs and poems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ballyseedy (2487 words)

	Irish Civil War - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Irish Civil War, conflict in Ireland in 1922-1923, which followed a division in the Sinn Féin movement over the acceptance of the Anglo-Irish...
		English Civil War, military conflicts from 1642 to 1646 in England between the armies of Charles I and those of the English Parliament that were...
		After the Civil War, the state’s natives left in large numbers and were replaced by Irish Roman Catholics and Germans.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Irish_Civil_War.html (186 words)

	Three Monkeys The Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Irish Civil War
		66 of The Civil War: 1922-1923 by Eoin Neeson (Dublin, 1966)
		112 of The Civil War: 1922-1923 by Eoin Neeson (Dublin, 1966)
		The Civil War: 1922-1923 by Eoin Neeson (Dublin, 1966).
	www.threemonkeysonline.com /threemon_printable.php?id=70 (5206 words)

	WHKMLA : The Irish Civil War, 1922-1923
		Irish chief delegate Michael Collins returned to Dublin with the draft to an Anglo-Irish treaty that foresaw the establishment of an Irish Free State (as opposed to the Irish Republic the I.R.A. had fought for) which was to cover roughly 3/4 of Ireland - Northern Ireland was to remain British.
		The treaty was accepted by both the Irish parliament and the population (January 1922), and Ireland, as a Free State, became semi-independent (the Irish had to swear allegiance to the king of the United Kingdom; Ireland was to become member of the Commonwealth).
		The war began with the occupation of the Four Courts, the center of administration of Ireland, in Dublin in April 1922, by militant opponents of the treaty.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/betwwars/ircivwar.html (404 words)

	Scottish Civil War
		The Scottish Civil War of 1644–47 was part of wider conflict known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which included the Bishops Wars, the English Civil War and Irish Confederate Wars.
		Civil disobedience would soon turn into armed defiance.Scotland had helped to spark this series of civil wars in 1639, when it had risen in revolt against Charles I's religious policies.
		This in turn sparked civil war in England, because the Long Parliament did not trust Charles with command of an army to put down the Irish rebellion, fearing that it would also be used against them.
	www.tagate.com /wars/page/scottish.shtml (2416 words)

	Civil War - Uncyclopedia
		An entire mythological war was centered around the discovery of their employees to work long hours in dark, cold factories for pay not enough to feed even a small frog.
		The southern states, known as the Intersection, with their superior education, health, and population kept the war confined to the northen regions for most of the war, aiming to ensure destruction of the northern factories to rid the world of their terrible social and economic implications.
		Some especialists claim, however, that this shouldn't be considered a "Luxembourg Civil War" due to the fact that the only victim of the war didn't entirely die in Luxembourg, the feet were in Belgium and the head in Germany leaving only the torso to Luxembourg.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Civil_War (1025 words)

	Irish Civil War and Before
		The causes of civil, as of other types of war, lie to some extent in the immediate past, and responsibilities for action or lack there of it are seldom clear cut.
		The violence which became the civil war of June 1922 to May 1923 was the climax of events which had been building since before the Easter Rebellion in 1916.
		The civil war was a complex one with numerous factions and issues to keep track of to properly understand the war.
	www.usna.edu /EnglishDept/ilv/civilwar.htm (2260 words)

	North Kerry in the Irish Civil War
		A large meeting in support of the Irish Volunteers was held in the town in April, 1914 and a local branch of the Volunteers was subsequently formed.
		For Irish genealogists, the Civil War was an unmitigated disaster.
		The Irish Free State becomes The Republic of Ireland and its Constitution was adopted, claiming all 32 Counties to comprise the country.
	www.rootsweb.com /~irlker/kercivwar.html (5092 words)

	Charles J. McGuinness "Nomad" and Irish Civil War
		De Valera still refused to accept the treaty, however, and the inauguration of the Irish Free State was marked by a civil war which lasted until the anti-treaty republicans conceded defeat in May 1923.
		The new Irish poetic drama was divided between the tendency to rebuke the romanticism of the national movement and the impulse to invest it with a fresh apparel of beauty, woven of poetry and legend.
		For the day after the partition to which she is in effect a consenting party, the Ulster commercial--who is a debtor to the Irish peasant-farmer--must ask himself whether he really wishes to see his creditor sole master of the finance and the administration of the West, the Centre, and the South.
	www.mcguinnessonline.com /irishsailor/irishrepublican.htm (5099 words)

	Wikinfo \| Irish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Irish Civil War (June, 1922 - April, 1923) was a conflict between supporters and opponents of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 6 December 1921 which had established the Irish Free State, precursor of today's Republic of Ireland.
		He challenged the right of the Dáil to approve the Treaty, saying that its members were breaking their oath to the Irish Republic and attempted unsuccessfully to set up his own rival government.
		The occupation (April 1922) by anti-Treaty militants of the Four Courts, the centre of judicial administration in Ireland, resulted in a tense stand-off which was only ended at British insistence by the building's bombardment and capture by Free State forces (June 28-June 30).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Irish_Civil_War (442 words)

	Troubled Ireland - Irish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Irish civil war was between June 1922 and May 1923, the pro-treaty followers and the anti-treaty followers fought a savage war.
		Before the conflict was over, Griffith and Collins were dead, and hundreds were slain in a war between people who only months earlier had worked together in their attempt to win the Anglo-Irish war.
		When the civil war ended in 1923 there had been over 5000 military casualties and Free State firing squads had shot over 77 'Irregulars' in reprisal for 'acts of war'.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~erewhon1/ireland/civil.htm (551 words)

	Critique: Irish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The paper on the Irish Civil War is an overview of the major events leading up to the war, during the war itself, and a brief follow-up of the effects of the war in the proceeding years.
		Emphasis could also have been placed on the affect that the war itself had on the literary works of the time, with the civil war as a cause rather than an effect.
		Several paragraphs were dedicated to the causes of the war, and towards the end others summarized the effects on the years directly following the end of the war.
	www.usna.edu /EnglishDept/ilv/crit/civilwarcrit.htm (490 words)

	History of Ireland 1921 - 1925: The Irish Civil War and Stabilisation of Northern Ireland
		The war went on for almost a year, and was particularly intensive in Connaught and Munster.
		Among the casualties of the Civil War was Michael Collins, who was shot dead in an ambush in his native county Cork.
		This resulted in a dramatic rise in sectarian violence and rioting, particularly in Belfast, although IRA violence was reduced once the Civil War began in 1922.
	www.wesleyjohnston.com /users/ireland/past/history/19211925.html (844 words)

	AllAboutIrish - American Civil War
		It helps to understand how the armies were formed but it is also impossible to ignore that there was a certain amount of distrust and discrimination against the Irish in the United States at the time the war broke out.
		That army was further reduced in size by the resignation of officers and men who felt their primary loyalties lay with the Southern states they called home and accepted positions in the Confederate forces.
		Since the largely Catholic Irish were not completely trusted by their Protestant neighbors, particularly in the North, they generally joined separate units.
	www.allaboutirish.com /library/diaspora/ia-civilwar.shtm (439 words)

	1900 to The Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A fascinating account of the tragic and complex nature of the Civil War in the West of Ireland.
		A major re-evaluation, by a leading historian, of the events and personalities of the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War in County Kerry, Ireland.
		This short history covers the guerrilla war characterized by both marvelous courage and miserable cruelty, a period historians now call "The Anglo-Irish War," in which a total of over 1300 people were killed, more than a thousand of them Irish.
	www.irishbook.com /cat423.htm (740 words)

	Irish-Americans In The Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		But because the white population of the Confederate states was more native-born than immigrant during the Civil War years, there did not seem as much of a drive in the Southern army to recognize heritage in the names and uniforms of regiments as there was in the Union forces.
		In the Federal army there was the fabled Meagher's Irish brigade, led by the flamboyant Thomas Meagher; they went into battle with an emerald green flag with a large golden harp in its center, celebrating their heritage even in the midst of death.
		Many of the rioters were frustrated Irish laborers who could not get jobs, and their targets were draft officials, as well as free fls living in the North, who seemed able to get jobs that the Irish were denied.
	www.civilwarhome.com /irish.htm (532 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One of the main factors of the Spanish Civil War and its effects on Ireland was that of the role of religion and in particular the role of the Catholic Church.
		Following the defeat of the anti-Treaty faction in the Civil War, Ernie O'Malley spent most of the next two years travelling Europe, recuperating from the effects of his wounds and the hunger strike as well as developing his intellectual interests.
		The next year, the civil war was ended when De Valera agreed to accept the partition of Ireland as a compromise.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/irish-civil-war.html (525 words)

	Civil Service Systems in Comparative Perspective
		This configuration is characterised by the fact that even under British rule the Irish civil service have always been majority party responsive, the socio-economic context is mixed as opposed to mixed corporatist, the focus for personnel management functions is divided and the sense of mission held by civil servants is generally one of policy responsiveness.
		The relation of the Irish civil service to the political regime is undoubtedly majority party responsive, particularly in light of the dominant trend of coalition government in recent years.
		As the Irish civil service is politically impartial, it is at the very essence of the system that the civil service respond to the parties in government, as patronage, loyalty and political appointment to the service are absent.
	www.indiana.edu /~csrc/millar5.html (2110 words)

	H-Net Review: Patrick Maume on The Politics of the Irish Civil War
		His reinstatement of "civil society" groups as political actors and his discussion of their attempts at peace initiatives (opposed as strenuously by the Treatyites, often seen as defenders of "civil society," as by the anti-Treatyites) deserves particular praise.
		The central discipline imposed by Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880s was exceptional, and the Parnell Split resembled the Civil War in that nationalists experienced it as a humiliating regression to a state of affairs thought to have been overcome.
		The later history of the Irish Party was dominated less by the prospect of being displaced by separatists than by fear of political disintegration and a return to localist, patronage-based factionalism.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=24701162841442 (797 words)

	The Irish Civil War, 1922-1923 by Paul V. Walsh - A NYMAS Fulltext Resource
		By the standards of the 'Great War' it was very small indeed; roughly 3,000 deaths were inflicted over a period of eleven months, probably less than the average casualties suffered on the Western Front during a quiet week.
		By the end of the war, however, acts, official or otherwise, were being committed by both sides that would have been unthinkable at its outbreak.
		The Irish Civil War was the first conflict to see the widespread use of the Thompson submachine gun.
	www.libraryautomation.com /nymas/irishcivilwar.html (16352 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Irish Civil War
		By 11 July, 1921, when the ceasefire of the War of Independence was declared, the IRA and the British Army and Police Services had fought each other to a standstill.
		The Irish representatives at the signing were completely outclassed by the British ones and in the end Britain got the favourable deal.
		It is estimated that 4,000 people died in the ten months of the Civil War, about two times the number that died during the War of Independence.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A5404286 (1316 words)

	Irish War Memorials
		War between forces for and against the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
		Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was a war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands (also known in Spanish as the Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, between March and June of 1982.
		War by Engand against French and Spanish for control of north America.
	www.irishwarmemorials.ie /html/wars.php (209 words)

	Pre-Civil War
		Unlike the Irish in other parts of the U.S., the Irish in the South had to fit into a regional culture as well as American culture in general.
		The only comprehensive study of Irish immigrants in the 19th century South, this book makes a valuable contribution to the story of the Irish in America.
		But it was the Irish, not the Spanish, who came closest to destroying the security of the Elizabethan state.
	www.bookguy.com /Irish/Books/irishpre.htm (450 words)

	The Irish Soldiers in WWI - World Cultures European
		It was also said that the Irish were well suited for the fighting life, having had plenty of practice on their home soil.
		While this writer was familiar with key Civil War figures such as U. Grant (whose maternal grandfather was from Co. Tyrone), Meagher, Cleburne, Sheridan, Corcoran, and so many others who are famous for their bravery and leadership in battle, a principal player in the Irish Brigade - their chaplain, Fr.
		The book sets the scene and the building miasma around some of the war's major conflicts that were to result in serious loss of life borne out of the ineptitude of senior command.
	www.irishcultureandcustoms.com /ACalend/VetsCivilWar.html (1702 words)

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