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	The Case of the Irish Elk
		Cuvier's study of the Irish elk was a key part of the documentation that extinction had happened in the past.
		The Irish elk was once considered a prime example of orthogenesis: it was thought that its lineage had started evolving on an irreversible trajectory towards larger and larger antlers.
		Irish poet Seamus Heaney memorably described the Irish elk and the bogs where its fossils are found in his poem "Bogland."
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mammal/artio/irishelk.html (840 words)

	Irish Elk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its name is misleading: although large numbers of skeleton have been found in Irish bogs, the animal was not exclusively Irish, and neither was it closely related to either of the living species currently called elk; for this reason, the name "Giant Deer" is sometimes preferred.
		In fact, Irish Elk had antlers of exactly the size one would predict from their body size and no special theory of natural selection is required.
		Recent research has determined that due to the high amounts of calcium and phosphate compounds required to form these massive structures, the Irish Elk males had to deplete these compounds partly from their bones, replenishing them from foodplants after the antlers were grown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_Elk (609 words)

	Kentucky Elk Hunting Hunt
		These are large files due to the number of Elk photos and size of the elk pictures.
		Elk are called wapiti which is Shawnee for "white rump." The Irish Elk that lived less than a million years ago had giant antlers that stretched more than 12 feet from tip to tip.
		Just as the Irish Elk went extinct the Elk of Kentucky were killed off until a elk herd was reintroduced to Eastern Kentucky by RMEF and the Department of Natural Resources.
	www.hunting-elk.com (376 words)

	Irish Elk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Irish Elk (Megaloceros giganteus) is an extinct deer that lived in Europe during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs.
		The name “giant deer” is sometimes preferred, since the animal was neither exclusively Irish nor closely akin to either of the living species currently called “elk” (it is called Irish Elk because its skeletons are found in large quantities in Irish bogs).
		In fact, Irish elk had antlers of exactly the size one would predict from their body size and no special story of natural selection is required.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/i/ir/irish_elk.html (216 words)

	Geotimes - December 2004 - New dates for old deer bones
		Previous dates from European Irish elk fossils indicated that they disappeared once their ecosystems were wiped out by the most recent ice age.
		Irish elk, a relative of modern-day deer that stood over 10 feet tall, like this specimen at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, survived more than 3,000 years past their presumed extinction date, according to new fossil evidence.
		Even though the Irish elk had disappeared from Britain by 20,000 years ago, they returned during the Pleistocene, around 12,000 years ago with the spread of woodland and scrub vegetation, perhaps from forests farther to the east, where more recent specimens have been found.
	www.geotimes.org /dec04/NN_irishelk.html (663 words)

	Ron Moen :: Antler Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		We used a mineral and energy metabolism model developed for extant cervids to compare nutritional requirements for antler growth among Irish elk and extant cervids.
		Irish elk deposited 3.8 kg of phosphorus and 7.6 kg of calcium into antlers which weighed 40 kg at the end of the velvet shedding.
		Irish elk grew antlers very close to the maximum antler mass possible for their body mass, antler Ca and P stoichiometry, daily forage intake, and length of the antler growing season.
	www.d.umn.edu /~rmoen/IrishElk.html (219 words)

	Elk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In India it was used to refer to Cervus unicolor, commonly known as the sambar.
		The word is also used to indicate Megaloceros, the extinct giant deer or Irish elk.
		ELK, an acronym for a shaft with which a mobile pallet (dolly) can be steered.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elk (231 words)

	irish wolfhounds ~ A Brief History of the Irish Wolfhound (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The history of the Irish Wolfhound is the history of the dogs of Ireland, for while these great hounds have indeed made history, history in her turn, has made the Irish Wolfhound.
		So it was not unusal that Irish Wolfhounds were so highly prized for their hunting prowess, particularly in pursuit of the now extinct gigantic Irish elk (which stood about 6 feet tall ~ at the shoulders), and the wolf.
		Historically they were referred to as "Irish Greyhounds,", "the Greyhounds of Ireland," "the Great Hounds of Ireland," and "Big Dogs of Ireland." Between the disappearance from Ireland of the Irish Elk and the wolf, along with the excessive exportation of the dwindling ranks of Wolfhounds, that the breed almost became extinct by the 17th century.
	home.fiac.net /marshaw/histryiw.htm (1586 words)

	elk - definition by dict.die.net
		The European elk (Alces machlis or Cervus alces) is closely allied to the American moose.
		The American elk, or wapiti (Cervus Canadensis), is closely related to the European stag.
		Irish elk (Paleon.), a large, extinct, Quaternary deer (Cervus giganteus) with widely spreading antlers.
	dict.die.net /elk (261 words)

	Torteval Irish Wolfhounds
		So highly prized was the wolfhound for his hunting prowess in pursuit of both the wolf and the now extinct Irish elk (which stood 6' tall at the shoulder) that ownership was restricted to kings, nobles and poets.
		During the 3rd or 4th century, the Irish poet Ossian told of the mythical warrior and huntsman, Finn, chief under King Cormac, commander of his armies and master of his hounds (300 adults and 200 puppies).
		The old Irish word for hound is 'cu', and it was common for warriors and kings to add 'cu' to their names, implying that they were as worthy of respect as a wolfhound.
	www.irishwolfhounds-guernsey.com /history.html (660 words)

	AllRefer.com - elk (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		The name elk is used in North America to designate a different animal, the wapiti, closely related to the red deer of Europe.
		The prehistoric Irish elk, Megaceros giganteus, is still another species, related to the fallow deer.
		All animals called elk are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Mammalia, order Artiodactyla, family Cervidae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/elk.html (216 words)

	Elk Bugle
		The elk bugle technique is important when hunting and info on bugling can be obtained on conservation and hunting sites.
		The cows (female elk) are naturally smaller than the male and do not have antlers.
		Elk pictures bring the great outdoors to mind; babies are usually very pleasant to look upon; a baby is a treasure.
	www.elk-elk.com /elk-bugle.html (198 words)

	Choosing an Irish Wolfhound - PetPlace.com
		The Irish wolfhound is an ancient breed previously used by the Celts for hunting wolves.
		The Irish wolfhound is an ancient breed used by the Celts nobility for hunting wolves and the extinct Irish elk.
		In addition, the Irish wolfhound is prone to dilated cardiomyopathy, osteochondrosis and elbow hygroma, a fluid filled swelling.
	www.petplace.com /dogs/choosing-an-irish-wolfhound/page1.aspx (768 words)

	Elks
		A group of history students have discovered the antler of an Irish Elk in cliffs near Kirk Michael on the Isle of Man.
		Although the exact age of the antler has yet to be determined, the position of the remains indicates that the elk (Megaloceros giganteus) lived around 11,000 years ago.
		However, just 20 bone samples from Irish Elks have been dated and the ongoing programme of research is expected to reveal more surprises about how they met their fate.
	www.crystalinks.com /elks.html (757 words)

	What to feed an Irish Wolfhound
		The Irish Wolfhound originated near Rome and was then brought to Ireland during an invasion by Roman troops.
		They are coveted for their hunting prowess; particularly for the pursuit and take-down of the Irish Elk, an animal that can be six feet tall at the shoulders.
		Nutrients of the Irish Wolfhound's native areas were very high in carbohydrates and fiber from grain sources.
	home.att.net /~wdcusick/IrishWolfhound.html (1411 words)

	Suomalainen.com
		A TV tie-in book to accompany Channel 4's "Extinct" series on extinct species, this title for young readers follows the life cycle of the Irish elk, who was actually a deer and not Irish.
		In Extinct: The Irish Elk, young readers can follow the life-cycle of the Irish elk, a giant prehistoric creature that was neither Irish nor an elk, but a deer.
		As food became scarce during the Ice Age, the elk, hungry and weakened, faced a battle to survive...
	www.suomalainen.com /sk/servlets/ProductServlet?action=productInfo&productID=1484705 (226 words)

	Wild Deer Ireland
		This Giant Irish Deer is believed to have roamed the lowlands of central and eastern Ireland, weighing up to 800-1000 lbs.
		Even though they are known as the Irish Elk, fossils have been found in such countries as France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Britain, Italy and Central Asia.
		The Irish elk evolved during the glacial periods of the last...
	www.wilddeerireland.com /Species_elk.html (420 words)

	Irish Wolfhounds: What's Good About 'Em? What's Bad About 'Em?
		With other animals the Irish Wolfhound is usually amiable, but he does love to chase, tackle, and pounce on anything that moves rapidly.
		The tallest breed in the world was developed in feudal Ireland for hunting wolves and the giant Irish elk.
		Young Irish Wolfhounds need enough exercise to keep them lean and healthy, but not so much that their soft growing bones, joints, and ligaments become over-stressed and damaged.
	www.yourpurebredpuppy.com /reviews/irishwolfhounds.html (969 words)

	American Kennel Club - Irish Wolfhound History
		Early Irish Literature abounds in references to these large dogs which are called, interchangeably, "Irish dogs," "Big Dogs of Ireland," "Greyhounds (or Grehounds) of Ireland," "Wolfdogs of Ireland," "Great Hounds of Ireland." Irish Wolfhound is the more modern name.
		He was coveted for his hunting prowess, particularly in the pursuit of the wolf and the gigantic Irish elk, which stood six feet at the shoulders.
		Emphatically, the Irish Wolfhound is not a satisfactory choice for the city dweller or in closely populated suburbs where one might desire a guard dog to be on solitary duty from morning until night.
	www.akc.org /breeds/irish_wolfhound/history.cfm (296 words)

	Irish Elk Dublin bog elk Pliocene deer Holocene Stephen Jay Gould Irish Pleistocene Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		It is famous for its formidable size (about two meters at the shoulders), and in particular for having the largest antlers of any known cervid (a maximum of 13 feet from tip to tip).
		The latest known remains of the Irish elk have been carbon dated to about 5700 BChttp://www.cbc.ca/story/science/national/2004/10/06/deer041006.html.
		A significant collection of Irish Elk skeletons can be found at the Natural History branch of the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin.
	en.powerwissen.com /qlVRAN48PEPaZahA0GKIAg%3D%3D_Irish_Elk.html (403 words)

	Irish Wolfhound Club of Canada
		They served their masters in war, as guard dogs, as hunters of the Irish Elk and wolf, and were often gifted to royalty of other countries.
		After the disappearance of the elk, the number of Irish hounds began to decline until their export outside of Ireland was banned by Oliver Cromwell in 1652.
		In 1885, he founded the "Irish Wolfhound Club" to further protect this beloved breed at which time the Standard was created and accepted by the Kennel Club and Irish wolfhounds began appearing in registered shows.
	www.irishwolfhoundclubofcanada.ca /handbook/history.shtml (299 words)

	AnimalForum.com breed profile: Irish Wolfhound
		The Irish Wolfhound is the largest and tallest of the AKC registered breeds.
		The Wolfhound was an expert hunter of wolf and the gigantic Irish elk, which stood 6 feet at the shoulder.
		In the 19th century, Scottish Deerhounds and Irish Wolfhounds were frequently considered to be the same breed, and the same dog might be entered in a dog show one day as a Deerhound and the next day as a Wolfhound.
	www.animalforum.com /dbreed/hoirishwolfhound.htm (1053 words)

	Whitetails.com Irish Elk
		The Giant Irish Elk was one of the largest deer species there has ever been.
		The Elk grazed mainly on grass, but required high levels of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus to grow their large antlers.
		It is unknown how the Elk bred, but it could have had a lek system, where males display to females, who then choose which males to mate with.
	www.whitetails.com /deer_info/species/irish_elk.cfm (369 words)

	pp377-389 Geology of the Isle of Man, Lamplugh, 1903
		In the above excavations only fragmentary relics of the Irish Elk were discovered; but the study of the old records leaves no doubt that the fine specimens previously obtained from this place were found in the Chara-marl, F, which was much thicker towards the middle of the hollow where the old pit was worked.
		Murray described the occurrence of bones of elk in a bed of shell-marl overlain by peat on the farm of ‘Ballatesin,’ Ballaugh, and of a blue earthy mineral, supposed to be phosphate of iron, on the horns and in the peat-earth.
		The sand and gravel overlying the marl were evidently washed in from the margins; and probably in part represent the shore deposits of the pool synchronous with the marl and peat of the middle of basin.
	www.isle-of-man.com /manxnotebook/fulltext/geo1903/p377.htm (4381 words)

	Irish elk - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Irish elk survived after ice age ended.(Paleontology)(Brief Article)
		The great Irish elk: Seamus Heaney's personal Helicon.
		ANIMAL CRACKERS; You'll find everything from flocks of turkeys to extinct Irish elks on display at the World Taxidermy Championships.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-x-irishelk.html (169 words)

	Irish elk survived after ice age ended Science News - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		New fossil finds indicate that the Irish elk, previously thought to have gone extinct at the end of the last ice age, survived in some spots for several millennia more.
		Ecological changes drove Irish elk from central and western Europe at the height of the last ice age, about 20,000 years ago but the creatures recolonized the continent and the British Isles about 14,500 years ago.
		The youngest Irish elk fossils found in Europe--ones previously thought to mark the species' extinction--date to around 12,000 years ago.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_19_166/ai_n7072747 (276 words)

	Irish Elk
		In Europe, Elk is the animal known in North America as the Moose (Alces alces).
		Elk is an old British and Irish name for the Whooper Swan, from the Old Norse word for the wild swan.
		The Irish language, the Goidelic Celtic language of Ireland.
	www.33beat.com /Irish_Elk.html (388 words)

	about the Irish wolfhound
		The Irish wolfhound was originally a war dog, used to drag men out of chariots or off horseback, but was also used as a hunting hound and as a guard.
		It was used to hunt the Irish elk and the wolf and was used singly or in pairs rather than in a pack, hence the need for great size.
		There is an Irish Wolfhound Foundation, which was established in 2002 as a tax-exempt, non-profit charitable organization dedicated to helping protect and preserve the past, present, and future of the Irish Wolfhound.
	www.irishwolfhounds.org /about.htm (2189 words)

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