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Topic: Irish National Theatre Society

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Abbey Theatre on Encyclopedia.com Yeats was a leader in founding (1902) the Irish National Theatre Society with Lady Gregory, J. Synge, and A. (George Russell) contributing their talents as directors and dramatists. Historical invisibility: the vexatious A. Wilson and the Abbey Theatre. In 1904, Annie Horniman gave them a subsidy and the free use of the Abbey Theatre in Dublin. www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/AbbeyT1he.asp

Abbey Theatre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Egged on by nationalists who believed that the theatre was not sufficiently political and with the pretext of a perceived slight on the virtue of Irish womanhood in the use of the word 'shift', a significant portion of the crowd rioted, causing the remainder of the play to be acted out in dumbshow. The conjunction of a new building, a new generation of dramatists that included such figures as Hugh Leonard, Brian Friel and Tom Murphy, and the growth in Irish tourism with the National Theatre as a key cultural attraction helped to bring about a revival in the theatre's fortunes. The Abbey and the genius of Irish theatre Captured December 14, 2004. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_National_Theatre_Society

The Voice of Nationalism - One Hundred Years of Irish Theatre The ILT began staging native-born plays in Ireland in 1899 and soon became the Irish National Theatre Society, which finally found a permanent home as the Abbey Theatre of today. The Irish Literary Theatre is largely responsible for this vision of rural Ireland and for the ascendance of the peasant as a figure of quintessential Irishness. The rise of Irish nationalism at the end of the last century has inspired generations of Irish playwrights to draw upon their Celtic traditions and define their country's violent political and social upheaval. www.neh.fed.us /news/humanities/1999-01/irish_theater.html

A lasting Irish drama csmonitor.com He wrote "In the Shadow of the Glen," a one-act play that was produced in 1903 by the Irish National Theatre Society, at the suggestion of his mentor, Yeats, whom he met on a visit to Paris. The company was a group of Irish dramatists and actors who billed themselves as the Irish Literary Theatre and later as the Irish National Theatre Society. In the society's infancy, many of its independent Irish members were associated with the Gaelic League, which promoted the revival of the Irish language and literature. search.csmonitor.com /2003/0226/p16s01-altr.htm

Guardian Unlimited Arts features A troubled house When WB Yeats wrote the manifesto for an Irish national theatre in 1904, the stage was set for confrontation. By then, Martyn had been squeezed out by the powerful duo of Yeats and Gregory, though he had been very much part of the first experiment - the Irish Literary Theatre, opened in 1899. Fortuitously, the theatre was almost at once given the chance to show its artistic independence: a new theatrical genius had arisen, Sean O'Casey, and his play about the Easter Rising, The Plough and the Stars, aroused enormous controversy when it opened in 1926. www.guardian.co.uk /arts/features/story/0,11710,1140288,00.html

Abbey Theatre Financed by Annie Horniman, the theatre was built to house the Irish National Theatre Society, formed in 1901 by W G Fay, Yeats, and Lady Gregory to perform the plays of the new Irish dramatists. From the 1960s onwards, the Abbey Theatre made a series of highly innovative departures as it embraced the new Irish drama created by Tom Murphy, Thomas Kilroy, Frank McGuinness, Sebastian Barry, Marina Carr, and others, without abandoning its hold on the established repertoire associated with playwrights such as Seán O’Casey and T C Murray. The theatre opened in 1904 and staged the works of a number of Irish dramatists, including Lady Gregory, W B Yeats, J M Synge, and Seán O’Casey. www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0015107.html

deane.txt It led to a weakening of constitutional nationalism and a proportionate strengthening of the appeal of the physical force movement among Irish nationalists. The director was W. Fay who, with his brother Frank Fay, was to bring a particular style of acting and a specific idea of a national theatre to the Abbey stage. In the next year, an Englishwoman, Miss A. Horniman, presented the Theatre Society with the building known as the Abbey. www.ibiblio.org /sally/deane.txt

Holidayhound - Dublin, Abbey Theatre, Irish drama, WB Yeats, Lady Gregory The Abbey Theatre, Irish Drama, literary, WB Yeats, Gaelic Revival, Lady Gregory, Irish National Theatre Society, Synge, O'Casey, The Playboy of the WEstern World, Juno and the Paycock, The Plough and the Stars, Russel, Colum, Ervine, Peacock Theatre, Abbey School, Irish actors, directors, playwrights. The Abbey Theatre is one of the landmarks in the history of Irish drama (and the country as a whole), and will be eternally associated with perhaps the greatest literary mind Ireland has ever produced, WB Yeats. The Abbey still stays true to the intention of Yeats and Gregory, and is a theatre for the performance of Irish drama. www.holidayhound.com /editorials/t6dpabbadvise.htm

Manuscript Sources for British and Irish Literature The Abbey Theatre, organized in 1904, grew from the Irish National Theatre Society. Correspondence includes letters from Yeats to various acquaintances discussing his poetic and dramatic works, Irish politics, the Abbey Theatre, and his personal life. Lennox Robinson, an Irish playwright, manager, producer, director, and editor, was appointed producer and manager of the Abbey Theatre by W. specialcollections.library.emory.edu /guides-lit-britir.html

The Abbey Theatre: About the Abbey - History The Abbey and Peacock Theatres constitute the National Theatre of Ireland which is managed by the Irish National Theatre Society Limited. The Irish National Theatre was founded in 1903 by W. Yeats and Lady Augusta Gregory. In 1925, the National Theatre was given an annual subsidy by the new Free State, and the Abbey became the first ever state-subsidised theatre in the English speaking world. www.abbeytheatre.ie /about/history.html

Gate Theatre --  Encyclopædia Britannica The Abbey and the Irish National Theatre Society had provided a stage for... Irish achievements in the theatre rival those in literature. Early in the 20th century the cultural renaissance gained strong momentum in Dublin with the opening of the famous Abbey Theatre, an enterprise associated particularly with the poet William Butler Yeats and the playwrights John Millington Synge and Lady Gregory. www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9036182&query=abbey

aeh.txt The Irish National Theatre Society had no permanent home and on discovering that her Hudson Bay shares had risen dramatically, Miss Horniman offered to use the unexpected windfall to fund a theatre for them; her formal offer was accepted in May 1904. AEFH leased the Abbey Theatre premises in 1904 in order to provide a home for the Irish National Theatre Society. First performed by the Gaiety company for the Incorporated Stage Society at the Aldwych Theatre in London, it was then included in the Gaiety programme at the Coronet Theatre, before moving to the Playhouse for a summer season. rylibweb.man.ac.uk /data2/archives/aeh.txt

Eire-Ireland:Journal of Irish Studies: An open national identity: Rutherford Mayne, Gerald MacNamara, and the plays of the Ulster Literary Theatre (8) For them, as for most of the playwrights of the Irish National Theatre Society, nationalism was not a political notion but a cultural focus rooted in the revival of "an ancient idealism"--an imaginative sensibility, as it were, dedicated to the discovery of a sincere national identity. Ironically, the Belfast company's inaugural production in December 1904 took place during the same month when the Irish National Theatre Society moved into the Abbey Theatre. During the early decades of the twentieth century, while Ireland's Abbey Theatre tried hard to create a unified image of nationhood in the figure of a West-of-Ireland peasant, a little theatre company in the North of Ireland addressed issues of national representation by very different means. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FKX/is_1-2_39/ai_n6150062

Virtual Writer - Padraig Colum The first production of one of his plays occurred in 1903, with the Irish National Theatre Society's staging of Broken Soil at Molesworth Hall.. Colum became a member of the National Theatre Society and was an original Abbey Theatre charter signer; he wrote several of the Abbey Theatre's earliest plays. Living in Dublin, he frequented the National Library, where he met James Joyce, with whom he developed a close friendship. www.virtualwriter.net /padraigcolum.htm

Literary Encyclopedia: Riders to the Sea Riders to the Sea was first performed on February 25, 1904 by the Irish National Theatre Society (later and more widely known as the Abbey Theatre). It must be remembered that Synge wrote and produced this play for the Irish National Theatre and that, in 1904, the very definitions of “Irish” and “national” were in dispute. As a result, the Arans were seen as a last bastion of pre-colonial Irish culture: Irish Gaelic was (and still is) the primary language of the islanders; Gaelic folklore and superstition remained rooted in the public mind; and the main sources of income were fishing and trading in livestock. www.litencyc.com /php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=10165

The Early Abbey Theatre In this Proseminar we will be concerned with the early years of the Abbey Theatre (1904-) and theatres such as the Irish Literary Theatre (1899-1901) and The Irish National Theatre Society (1902-1904), which prepared the way for it. We will be focussing on approximately a decade of theatre in Dublin, on writers such as W.B. Yeats, Lady Augusta Gregory and John Millington Synge amongst others, their works for the theatre, on the performance of those works and their reception by contemporary audiences and critics. Intending participants are advised to discover all they can about the period, the theatres and the above mentioned authors. www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de /theater/lehre/veranst/Sommer_01/ps_02.htm

Keegan Theatre On-line In other words, the Abbey Theatre is intended to be the home of a really national drama and to give expression on the stage to that new spirit of nationality which is thrilling Irish life.” The Irish were accustomed to being sneered at by their Anglo-Irish rulers, and Synge was, in fact, part of that group, an Irish Home Ruler who was also a sharp critic of nationalism, a writer from an evangelical Protestant background, who was criticized both for idealizing the peasantry and for libeling them. He will understand that the Abbey Theatre exists to produce plays that would not otherwise appear on the boards at all, to produce them by Irishmen both as actors and as authors, and to see to it that they deal only with Irish subjects. www.keegantheatre.com /home/91769.html

Irish Landmarks:The Abbey Theatre - World Cultures European Combined, both the Abbey and the Peacock constitute The National Theatre of Ireland; also, the government continues to support it with an annual grant from An Chomhairle Ealaion -The Arts Council of Ireland. However, the Irish government once again came to the rescue and pledged to re-house the theatres in a contemporary facility on the same site. Led by W.B. Yeats, a group of prominent figures in Irish literature came together with the intention of championing, promoting and preserving the works of Irish-born playwrights. www.irishcultureandcustoms.com /ALandmks/AbbeyTheatre.html

The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The 20th Century: Topic 4: Texts and Contexts This became the Irish National Theatre Society, of which Yeats was made president in 1903, and moved into the Abbey Theatre in Dublin in 1904. Irish history and the recent history of Irish nationalism, together with his adoration of the nationalist Maud Gonne From 1922 to 1928, Yeats was a Senator of the Irish Free State, and a number of poems from this period depict him as having both poetic and public responsibilities. www.wwnorton.com /nto/20century/topic_4/yeats.htm

John Millington Synge The first two one-act plays, In the Shadow of the Glen, (1903), a comedy, and Riders to the Sea (1904), considered one of the finest tragedies ever written, were produced by the Irish National Theatre Society. The plays of Irish peasant life on which his fame rests were written in the last six years of his life. This group, with Synge, Yeats and Lady Gregory as co-directors, organized in 1904 the famous Abbey Theatre. www.angelfire.com /me3/morganofthefairies/synge.html

Appendix I: Plays Produced by the Abbey Theatre Co. IRISH NATIONAL THEATRE SOCIETY AT THE ABBEY THEATRE. Fred Ryan began as follows: "The Irish National Theatre Society was formed to continue on a more permanent basis the work of the Irish Literary Theatre.") Appendix I: Plays Produced by the Abbey Theatre Co. digital.library.upenn.edu /women/gregory/theatre/appendix-I.html

Glossary: Yeats, William Butler He helped to found the Irish Literary Society, and with the help of Lady Gregory and others, co-founded the Irish Literary Theatre (later the Irish National Theatre Society) in 1899. William Butler Yeats (June 13, 1865 - January 28, 1939) celebrated Irish poet and nationalist, was born in Dublin, and educated in London and Dublin. While studying at the School of Art in Dublin he developed an interest in mystic religion and the supernatural. www.harbour.sfu.ca /~hayward/van/glossary/yeats.html

Glossary: Gregory, Lady Yeats, whom she met in 1896, she co-founded the the Irish Literary Theatre (later the Irish National Theatre Society). Lady Gregory (1852 - 1932), born at Roxborough, Co. Galway, was a leading figure in the Irish Revival. Yeats spent many of his summer holidays at her home in Sligo. www.harbour.sfu.ca /~hayward/van/glossary/gregory.html

Harvard University Press/Letters to Molly Synge had already achieved recognition as a playwright--translations of two of his plays had been performed in Berlin and Prague--and he was codirector, with Yeats and Lady Gregory, of the Irish National Theatre Society. A primary source for the study of Synge and the Irish theater movement, the letters include poems inspired by Molly and extensive information about Abbey Theatre business. Molly had started her acting career the year before, in the newly opened Abbey Theatre, with a walk-on part in Synge's Well of the Saints. www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/SYNLET.html

Literary Encyclopedia: In The Shadow of the Glen The outcry against the play began during the rehearsals and eventually culminated in a public walkout by half the National Theatre company on opening night and a series of angry editorials in the nationalist press. Eventually, artistic vision won out over politics, and the play came to be regarded as one of Synge’s masterpieces and one of the great works to emerge from the Irish National Theatre’s first generation. Although it was the third play completed by Synge, it was the first to be produced, and it created an immediate controversy for the author and the National Theatre. www.litencyc.com /php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=10164

VH1.com : Movies : Person : Sara Allgood : Biography Born to a middle-class Irish family and educated at the Marlborough Street Training College, 19-year-old Sara Allgood joined the Irish National Theatre Society, obtaining her first speaking role in a 1903 production of W.B. Yeats' The King's She became a member of Dublin's Abbey Theatre in 1904; within a few years she was lauded as Ireland's foremost actress. After a decade of worthwhile stage assignments and forgettable film roles, Sara came to Hollywood in 1940, where she was cast by John Ford in a strong role in the Oscar-winning How Green Was My Valley (1941). www.vh1.com /movies/person/839/bio.jhtml

Irish Literary Supplement: Fiddling the tune.(Ireland's National Theaters: Political Performance and the Origins of the Irish Dramatic Movement)(Book Review) THE ABBEY THEATRE CELEBRATES ITS CENTENARY IN 2004, and because of its longevity, occasional artistic successes, and enduring subsidies, this main stage of the Irish National Theatre Society, Ltd., appears to many as an entirely. Ireland's National Theaters: Political Performance and the Origins of the Irish Dramatic Movement Syracuse University Press, 2001, $49.95, $19.95 Fiddling the tune.(Ireland's National Theaters: Political Performance and the Origins of the Irish Dramatic Movement)(Book Review) www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_hb161/is_200203/ai_hibm1G195153438

C4 Edgar Rice Burroughs Library Colum acted with the new Irish National Theatre Society, but after his play Broken Soil was staged in 1903, he concentrated on writing. The Irish poet, dramatist and writer of children's books is best known for his lyric poems, including "The Plougher" and "An Old Woman of the Roads", which first appeared in Wild Earth, his first book of verse (1907), and "She Moved Through the Fair" (1916). The national park he fought to establish in India was renamed in his honor two years later and is now nearly twice its original size. www.erbzine.com /dan/c4.html

Irish Dramatic Movement and 1903-- Renamed the Irish National Theatre Society. (See Gregory's "Our Irish Theatre" and Yeats's "An Irish National Theatre" in MID) 1904-- Society moved to the Abbey Theatre. spider.georgetowncollege.edu /english/burch/irish_dramatic_movement_and.htm

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