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Topic: Irish Parliament

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	Henry Grattan - LoveToKnow 1911
		It was through ranks of volunteers drawn up outside the parliament house in Dublin that Grattan passed on the 16th of April 1782, amidst unparalleled popular enthusiasm, to move a declaration of the independence of the Irish parliament.
		One of the first acts of "Grattan's parliament" was to prove its loyalty to England by passing a vote for the support of 20,000 sailors for the navy.
		On the 15th of January 1800 the Irish parliament met for its last session; on the same day Grattan secured by purchase a seat for Wicklow; and at a late hour, while the debate was proceeding, he appeared to take his seat.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Henry_Grattan (1972 words)

	Parliament of Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Facade of the Irish Parliament House, in Dublin.
		The Irish Parliament was originially founded in the 13th century to represent the English community in the Lordship of Ireland.
		In 1494, the Parliament encouraged the passing of Poyning's Law which subordinated the Irish Parliament to the English one, so that the Irish Parliament could not be bullied by the powerful landed families in Ireland like the Earl of Kildare into passing laws that pursued the agendas of the different dynastic factions in the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_Parliament (1501 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Irish Parliament
		The mediæval Irish Parliament (made up of the King of Ireland and two chambers, the Irish House of Commons and the Irish House of Lords[?]) which existed in Lordship of Ireland (1171-1541) and the Kingdom of Ireland (1541-1800).
		This parliament operated under major restrictions, including Poyning's Law[?] and the Penal Laws, imposed by the English and British Crown, by the English and British Parliament and by the King-in-Council.
		The Irish Parliament was subject to an Irish executive, presided over by the English/British selected Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (previously called the 'Lord Deputy'), which was ultimately answerable not to it but to the English/British Government in London.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ir/Irish_Parliament (781 words)

	Irish House of Commons - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Irish House of Commons was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland, that existed from from mediæval times until 1800.
		The British apponted Irish executive, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government.
		The House of Commons was abolished when the Irish parliament merged with its British counterpart in 1801 under the Act of Union.
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Irish_House_of_Commons (355 words)

	Irish Parliament (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The mediæval Irish Parliament (made up of the King of Ireland and two chambers, the Irish House of Commons and the Irish House of Lords) which existed in Lordship of Ireland (1171-1541) and the Kingdom of Ireland (1541-1800).
		This parliament operated under major restrictions, including Poyning's Law and the Penal Laws, imposed by the English and British Crown, by the English and British Parliament and by the King-in-Council.
		The Irish Parliament was subject to an Irish executive, presided over by the English/British selected Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (previously called the 'Lord Deputy'), which was ultimately answerable not to it but to the English/British Government in London.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/i/ir/irish_parliament.html (768 words)

	Irish Literature - MSN Encarta
		Although the Irish parliament was entirely Protestant, it repealed some repressive laws against Catholics—permitting them to own land and to practice their religion, for example—but it did not grant Catholics the right to vote.
		The Irish Renaissance was spearheaded by the energy of its major figures: writers William Butler Yeats, Lady Isabella Augusta Gregory, and John Millington Synge.
		Irish poetry in the first half of the 20th century was dominated by Yeats, whose early work drew inspiration from Irish mythology and folklore.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566508_3/Irish_Literature.html (2907 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Teachta Dála
		A TD or Teachta Dála (Irish for 'Dáil Deputy', pronounced 'chock-ta dawla') is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Irish Oireachtas (pronounced 'orr-och-tas') or National Parliament.
		The term was first used to describe those Irish MPs elected in the 1918 general election from the island of Ireland who instead of attending the Westminster House of Commons, to which they had been elected, assembled instead in Dublin to create a new Irish parliament, Dáil Éireann.
		It was used to refer to members of the Irish Republic's single chamber Dáil Éireann (translated as the 'Assembly of Ireland') (1919-1922), members of Dáil Éireann (translated as 'Chamber of Deputies') during the Irish Free State (1922-1937) and the Dáil Éireann (translated as the 'House of Representatives') of Éire (1937-present) and the Republic of Ireland.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Teachta-D%C3%A1la (592 words)

	Andrew Cusack: The Old Irish Parliament House
		The Irish parliament (at the time legally subservient to the English one at Westminster) started meeting there in the 17th century; to my knowledge the first time this happened was October 5, 1692, though it may have been earlier.
		Parliament repaired to the Blue Coat School north of the Liffey while the foundation stone of the new structure was laid on February 3, 1729.
		Irish MPs were now sent to the British House of Commons, while the Irish peers elected a smaller number of their group to be represented at the equivalent body in Westminster.
	www.andrewcusack.com /blog/2005/07/the_old_irish_p.php (1808 words)

	Kingdom of Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Parliament in the eighteenth century met in a new, purposely designed parliament house (the first purposely designed two chamber parliament house in world history) in College Green in the heart of Dublin.
		Parliament in this period came to be known as Grattan's Parliament, after one of the principal Irish political opposition leaders of the period, Henry Grattan.
		By an Act of the Irish Parliament passed in 1800, the Kingdom of Ireland merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Kingdom_of_Ireland (555 words)

	Irish parliament (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oireachtas of the Irish Free State - the legislature of the 1922-1937 Irish Free State.
		Parliament of Southern Ireland - the home rule parliament of 1920-1921.
		Parliament of Ireland - the Irish legislature abolished by the 1801 Act of Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_parliament_(disambiguation) (170 words)

	PARLIAMENT OF IRELAND FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After the Irish_Rebellion_of_1641, Irish Catholics were barred from voting or attending the Parliament altogether in the Cromwellian Act_of_Settlement_1652.
		In the early 18th century it successfully lobied for Parliament to be called every two years (as opposed to on the whim of the monarch) and shortly thereafter, it declared itself to be in session permanently (mirroring developments in the English_Parliament).
		Furthermore the Penal_Laws meant that Catholics, who constituted the vast majority of Irish people, were not permitted to sit in, or participate in elections to, the parliament; Poyning's_Law made the Irish legislature subordinate to the Parliament_of_Great_Britain, by forbidding the Irish parliament to discuss any bill without the British legislature's prior approval.
	www.dontpayyourtaxes.com /Parliament_of_Ireland (1422 words)

	KINGDOM OF IRELAND FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The kingdom was legislated for by a bicameral Irish Parliament, made up of a House of Commons and a House of Lords, which almost always met in Dublin.
		Parliament in the eighteenth century met in a new, purposely designed parliament house (the first purposely designed two chamber parliament house in world history) in College_Green in the heart of Dublin.
		Parliament in this period came to be known as Grattan's_Parliament, after one of the principal Irish political opposition leaders of the period, Henry_Grattan.
	www.gottaorderflowers.com /Kingdom_of_Ireland (400 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Irish Parliament was originally founded in the 13th century to represent the Irish and Anglo-Norman population of the Lordship of Ireland.
		However, following the general uprising of the Catholic Irish in the Irish Rebellion of 1641, which featured wholesale slaughter of much of the English and Scottish population and savage reprisals by the loyalists in turn, Roman Catholics were barred from voting or attending the Parliament altogether in the Cromwellian Act of Settlement 1652.
		In the early 18th century it successfully lobbied for Parliament to be called every two years (as opposed to on the whim of the monarch) and shortly thereafter, it declared itself to be in session permanently (mirroring developments in the English Parliament).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Irish_Parliament (2508 words)

	Grattan's Parliament
		For most of the eighteenth century, the Irish parliament in Dublin was prepared to accept a subordinate role.
		Within the Irish parliament itself, a reforming group known as "patriots" eventually emerged, led by Henry Flood and the Earl of Charlemont.
		It was immediately rejected by the Irish parliament, whose members refused to be coerced by an armed assembly, and the convention dispersed.
	www.irelandseye.com /aarticles/history/events/dates/grattan.shtm (654 words)

	Ganesha Publishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Parliament generated a great deal of printed material, not only through its administrative needs - acts, bills, inquiries, proclamations, reports, schedules etc. - but at a secondary level by bringing into the city of Dublin substantial numbers of country members whose hours were to be whiled away reading when they weren't drinking or fighting.
		The Irish Parliament - by which one means the House of Commons, in theatrical effect - was borne on a tide of self-dramatization from the victory of 1782 (Legislative Independence from Westminster) to the self-willed, if well-financed, tragic farce of 1800.
		Reporting of the Dublin parliament was in some respects in advance of conditions prevailing at Westminster, with the result that the present reprint may also assist in the development of the study of Anglophone parliaments generally.
	www.ganesha-publishing.com /irish/parl_intro.htm (2427 words)

	The Irish Parliamentary Tradition
		From 1172 until the early modern period, traditional Irish society successfully co-existed alongside the areas of Norman rule, with the native Irish possessing almost total independence in their political organisation and day-to-day affairs.
		This culminated in the defeat of the native Irish armies by those of Queen Elizabeth I at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601 and in the ‘Flight of the Earls’, when Ireland’s remaining major chieftains left for the European continent.
		The supplanting of the native Irish under James I's plantation in the northern counties led to an uprising by the Ulster Irish who were joined by the Catholic ‘Old English’.
	www.irlgov.ie /oireachtas/a-misc/partrad.htm (961 words)

	Irish Northern Aid, Inc./Irish History Overview
		The Irish resisted strongly and it was not until 1601 in the reign of Elizabeth I of England that the Gaelic system of law and organization was broken.
		The Irish Volunteers became the Army of the Republic, under the Ministry of Defense and pledging its allegiance to Dail Eireann.
		Three mayors of Irish cities, all members of the IRA, were killed by the British; martial law was declared through nearly half of the country; streets, shops and factories in many towns were burnt to the ground; there were executions in prisons and torture in internment camps.
	www.inac.org /irishhistory (2197 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		This Irish Parliament was the central institution in what had become known by the 1780s as the Protestant Ascendancy.
		The final passage of the Act in the Irish Parliament was achieved with substantial majorities, achieved in part according to contemporary documents through bribery, namely the awarding of peerages and honours to critics to get their votes.
		Part of the attraction of the Union for many Irish Catholics was the promise of Catholic Emancipation, thereby allowing Roman Catholic MPs (which had not been allowed in the Irish Parliament).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Act_of_Union_1800 (869 words)

	Irish Stamps
		On the Irish Stamp the Lady Liberty is depicted in front of the GPO and carries the Irish "tri-colour" (green, white and orange) rather than the French colors (blue, white and red).
		Irish Volunteers, the military wing of the IRB, became known as the Irish Republican Army or the IRA.
		The text is the 1916 Proclamation declaring the establishment of the Irish Republic (Poblacht na hEireann).
	web.umr.edu /~greggjay/irstamp.html (2810 words)

	History of the Irish Parliament Online - Ulster Historical Foundation
		The undisputed doyen of eighteenth-century Irish constitutional theorists was Sir William Molyneux (1656—98), MP for Dublin University and a close friend of the English philosopher John Locke.
		During the eighteenth-century, the Irish colonial nationalists were primarily concerned with refuting any idea that the Irish parliament was not the supreme legislative assembly and judicial court in Ireland.
		They modelled their demands on those of the British parliament, pointing out their similarly ancient origin and warning their opponents that ‘the rights of parliament should be preserved sacred and inviolable wherever they are found.
	www.ancestryireland.com /hip_intro.php?filename=Constitutional (1114 words)

	The Irish Uprising 1641
		The displacement of the native Irish was compounded by the threat to the Roman Catholic church in Ireland.
		The Irish Parliament was subservient to the English Parliament under a 16th century statute known as Poynings Law, and during the early 17th century, Irish constituencies were changed to allow the election of English and Scottish Protestant representatives, which resulted in a Protestant majority in the Irish Parliament.
		Initially the Irish Uprising was spontaneous and anarchic but it became more organised under the Assembly of Kilkenny of 1642, where the Gaelic Irish and the Old English aristocracy formed an unlikely alliance.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /glossary/irish-uprising-1641.htm (1069 words)

	Irish Potato Famine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Irish parliament had been hamstrung since the end of the fifteenth century by Poynings' Law, which gave the English Parliament power to legislate for Ireland, no matter what the Irish parliament had done.
		Moreover, O'Connell, the Irish leader in the British Parliament, was the ally of the Whigs.
		These steps were clearly based on English assumptions: Irish problems were to be solved by substituting large consolidated farms for the fragmented small holdings of the Irish peasants, and by applying capital in large doses to modernize Irish agriculture.
	mars.acnet.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/potato.html (2433 words)

	freedomforum.org: Irish Parliament votes to ban late pre-election polls
		The lower house of the Irish Parliament last night approved a government-backed measure banning public-opinion polls in the seven days before an election, an action that was promptly pounced on by an irate news media.
		Seamus Dooley, Irish organizer of the National Union of Journalists, said, "I regard the government and Fine Gael's (the majority party in parliament) action in pushing the bill through as a last-minute measure, without consultation, as flying in the face of democracy.
		There have been Irish press reports that the government was warned, before the bill was passed by the Dáil, of constitutional problems, in particular, a provision that includes "the right of the citizens to express freely their convictions and opinions."
	www.freedomforum.org /templates/document.asp?documentID=14343 (604 words)

	Henry Grattan - Encyclopedia.com
		Aided by Britain's preoccupation with the American Revolution and its fear of the revolutionary potential of the Irish volunteer army (see Ireland), Grattan led the successful fight for abolition of the restrictions on Irish trade and the repeal of Poynings's Law (see under Poynings, Sir Edward).
		Having thus gained nominal legislative independence for the Irish Parliament, he worked to eliminate the system by which English patrons continued to control it, advocating Catholic Emancipation as the only means for making the Irish Parliament truly representative.
		In 1800, on the last day of the debate on the parliamentary union with England, Grattan appeared in the Irish Parliament and made the greatest speech of his career in opposition to the Act of Union.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Grattan.html (1102 words)

	Irish Parliament Gives Near-Unanimous Approval to Peace Accord
		By JAMES F. UBLIN -- The Irish Parliament gave near-unanimous approval Wednesday to the peace agreement for Northern Ireland reached in Belfast 12 days ago by leaders of the Protestant majority and the Roman Catholic minority of the British province.
		Higgins suggested that the Irish electorate was not sophisticated enough to understand and decide on two major issues at the same time.
		Most Irish leaders feel such ambivalence is standard for Sinn Fein and note that if the agreement were defeated in either part of Ireland, it would die.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/042398nireland-peace.html (893 words)

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