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Topic: Irish Republic

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Irish War of Independence

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Irish Republican Army

	Irish Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Irish Republic is generally considered to have come to an end in 1922 at the latest, when it was superseded by the Irish Free State.
		The military branch of the Irish Republic were the Irish Volunteers who, shortly after the outbreak of the War of Independence, were renamed as the "Irish Republican Army" to reflect their status as the national army of the new republic.
		The judicial arm of the Irish Republic consisted of a network of Dáil Courts administered by IRA officers, which at first operated in parallel with the British judicial system, and gradually came to supersede it as public opinion swung against the British.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_Republic (2361 words)

	Irish Republic -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Irish Republic is generally considered to have come to an end in 1922 at the latest, when it was superseded by the (A republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921) Irish Free State.
		Two different Irish language titles were used: Poblacht na hÉireann and Saorstát Éireann, based on two competing Irish translations of the word (A form of government whose head of state is not a monarch) republic: Poblacht and Saorstát.
		The military branch of the Irish Republic were the Irish Volunteers who, shortly after the outbreak of the War of Independence, were renamed as the 'Irish Republican Army' to reflect their claim to be a national army.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/I/Ir/Irish_Republic.htm (2157 words)

	Irish Republican Army article - Irish Republican Army Irish United Kingdom Irish Republic Dáil Éireann Provisional - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		All claim descent from the original 'Irish Republican Army', the 'army' of the Irish Republic declared by Dáil Éireann in 1919.
		Attacks on particularly remote Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) barracks continued throughout 1919 and 1920, forcing the police to consolidate in the larger towns for safety's sake, and effectively placing large areas of the countryside in the hands of the Republicans.
		The Irish delegation was led by Arthur Griffith, after de Valera, newly upgraded to a full 'President of the Republic' by the Dáil on his request in August 1921, then insisted that as head of state he could not attend as King George was not leading the British delegation.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Irish_Republican_Army (2007 words)

	MSN Encarta - Irish Republican Army
		The term IRA was later adopted by the Irish Volunteers who fought against British forces between 1919 and 1921, during the latter stages of the Irish Revolution.
		Conversely, the Irish Volunteers were dedicated to ensuring that home rule was established as a first step toward their primary goal: the creation of an independent Irish republic.
		By early 1914, Irish society and politics had been militarized by the two volunteer armies and there was the imminent possibility of a civil war over the issue of home rule.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575144/Irish_Republican_Army.html (1116 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Proclamation of the Irish Republic, 24 April 1916
		The Irish Republic is entitled to, and hereby claims, the allegiance of every Irishman and Irish woman.
		In this supreme hour the Irish nation must, by its valour and discipline and by the readiness of its children to sacrifice themselves for the common good, prove itself worthy of the august destiny to which it is called.
		THOMAS J. A "creeping barrage" is an artillery bombardment in which a 'curtain' of artillery fire moves toward the enemy ahead of the advancing troops and at the same speed as the troops.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/irishproclamation1916.htm (454 words)

	Irish Stamps
		The seven signers of the Proclamation of the Republic and a symbolic representation of the GPO are illustrated.
		Irish Volunteers, the military wing of the IRB, became known as the Irish Republican Army or the IRA.
		The text is the 1916 Proclamation declaring the establishment of the Irish Republic (Poblacht na hEireann).
	web.umr.edu /~greggjay/irstamp.html (2810 words)

	Republic of Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The population of the Irish Republic (1986 census) was 3,540,643.
		Irish is spoken as the vernacular by a relatively small number of people, however, mostly in areas of the west.
		Irish folk music ranges from lullabies to drinking songs, and many variations and nuances of tempo, rhythm, and tonality are used.
	ireland.iol.ie /~dluby/republic.htm (3670 words)

	Fios Feasa: The Irish Language
		Irish is a Celtic language spoken in a number of small communities, mostly in the west of Ireland, and by larger numbers of people scattered across the country.
		While Irish speakers are very much a minority in the Ireland of today, they have an importance to the cultural life of the nation far out of proportion to their numbers.
		Irish is by constitutional law the first official language of the Irish Republic, and was recently awarded official status in the Six Counties of Northern Ireland as a central part of the Good Friday Agreement.
	www.fiosfeasa.com /bearla/language/intro.htm (175 words)

	The Anglo-Irish Treaty: Seed of 'The Troubles' -- The Wild Geese Today
		Irish history is full of men and women who put their lifes on the line for Irish freedom.
		Rightly or wrongly, Collins believed that the Irish forces could not sustain the all-out war the British were likely to initiate; certainly Collins would have been one of the finest judges of this.
		Perhaps the Irish could have held out against the might of Britain longer and attained the 32-county republic, or perhaps Lloyd George was bluffing.
	www.thewildgeese.com /pages/treaty.html (1473 words)

	The IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The lessons of this period were not lost on succeeding generations of Irish patriots and the Fenian Movement of the late 1850s and 1860s won widespread support in Ireland and America for its programme of armed struggle to achieve an Irish Republic.
		The Irish Volunteers became the Army of the Republic, under the Ministry of Defence and pledging its allegiance to Dáil Eireann.
		Three mayors of Irish cities, all members of the IRA, were killed by the British; martial law was declared through nearly half of the country; streets, shops and factories in many towns were burnt to the ground; there were executions in prisons and torture in internment camps.
	users.westnet.gr /~cgian/irahist.htm (2418 words)

	The Observer \| International \| Why the Irish Republic is deporting its own citizens
		Twenty years later, a new generation of Irish children are being treated as if they were "illegitimate" citizens, again only because of the status of their parents,' says Joanna McMinn, Director of the National Women's Council of Ireland.
		The Coalition Against the Deportation of Irish Children (CADIC) says that by deporting families of Irish children, it means that these children are forced to live in countries where their rights may not be protected.
		The Minister, who has vowed to rid the Republic of 'baby tourism' - whereby he says immigrants come to Ireland to give birth in the hope of being granted leave to stay - says his decisions are made on the basis of 'decency, pragmatism and common sense'.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Observer/international/story/0,6903,1361321,00.html?gusrc=rss (1361 words)

	Ireland hostels - Hostels in Ireland
		The Irish Youth Hostel Organisation (YHA) or An Oige was founded in 1823 and has over 20 hostels located throughout Ireland.
		Irish hostels are not licensed so do not have private bars.
		Most Irish hostels have a selection of dorms and private rooms, many private rooms offer en-suite facilities.
	www.hostels.com /ie.html (221 words)

	ireland.com and The Irish Times, Ireland's Online Newspaper
		Republic of Ireland manager Brian Kerr during the World Cup qualifier against Switzerland at Lansdowne Road last night.
		It appears to have passed totally unnoticed on this side of the Irish Sea.
		Ireland 0 Switzerland 0: Whoever it is who ends up being in charge of this Irish side in January when the draw is made for the qualifying stages of Euro 2008 he is bound to be sure of one thing.
	www.ireland.com (519 words)

	The Reform Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Reform members value both Irish and British traditions and believe that true reconciliation in Ireland and across our islands will not be achieved until we have a state that accommodates our overlapping cultures and identities.
		This means that the Republic of Ireland must face up to the reality that as a state it is closely linked to the United Kingdom socially, culturally and economically.
		Reform is committed to the better representation of the rights, concerns and aspirations of minorities in the Republic, as well as those of the majority community in the Constitution.
	www.reform.org (148 words)

	1916 in Ireland : What are you celebrating? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Most Irish people at the time believed that Irish men should be off fighting the Germans.
		The Proclamation calls on all Irish people to unite, saying that all previous differences which "have divided a minority from the majority" were "carefully fostered by an alien government".
		It obviously was a problem but this perspective totally overlooks the fact that only three years previously the Irish bosses led by William Martin Murphy had locked out and starved thousands of Irish workers.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/ws91/national31.html (801 words)

	CNN.com - Irish Republic rejects EU treaty - June 8, 2001
		One of the leading "no" campaigners, Patricia McKenna of the Irish Green Party, said the vote reflected concerns about lack of democracy in EU structures and institutions.
		Pat Cox, an Irish Liberal Democrat deputy in the European Parliament, said the "no" vote was not aimed specifically against enlargement, noting strong Irish support for the process.
		This Irish vote reflects a rather mixed and complex set of motives, none of which sought to reject enlargement," Cox said.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/06/08/irish.eu.02 (577 words)

	Ireland (British Empire & Commonwealth Land Forces)
		The Irish in Uniform, by The Fame of Tipperary Group.
		Irish Regiments in World War I, by The Fame of Tipperary Group.
		Irish Peacekeepers Throughout the World, by The Fame of Tipperary Group.
	www.regiments.org /nations/europe/ireland.htm (734 words)

	1916 Easter Rising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Irish writer, Sean O'Faolain, has written of his country: 'Most of our physical embodiments of the past are ruins, as most of our songs are songs of lament and defiance.
		They provided, as it were, the general staff of the mass movement for Irish freedom from British rule, and their fortnightly publication, Irish Freedom (founded in 1910), advocated complete republican government for the whole of Ireland.
		They had to act through the Irish patriotic organisations, over many of which they had obtained partial control, and if the rising were to be a military success they had to acquire arms, either from British arsenals, or from abroad, which meant in effect from Germany.
	users.bigpond.com /kirwilli/1916 (4875 words)

	Ireland - becoming a free state
		Suspension of the bill stimulated the growth of the Citizen Army, an illegal force of Dublin citizens organised by the labour leader Jim Larkin (died 1948) and the socialist James Connolly (1870-1916); of the Irish Volunteers, a national defence body; and of the extremist Sinn Féin.
		Irish liberation from British rule was achieved as the result of a struggle extending over several centuries and marked by numerous rebellions.
		On Easter Monday, April 18, 1949, by the terms of the Republic of Ireland Bill approved by the Dáil in November 1948, Éire became the Republic of Ireland, formally free of allegiance to the British crown and the Commonwealth of Nations.
	www.iol.ie /~dluby/history.htm (2932 words)

	Proclamation of the Irish Republic, issued 24 April 1916 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Standing on that fundamental right and again asserting it in arms in the face of the world, we hereby proclaim the Irish Republic as a sovereign independent state, and we pledge our lives and the lives of our comrades-in-arms to the cause of its freedom, of its welfare, and of its exaltation among the nations.
		The Irish Republic is entitled to, and hereby claims, the allegiance of every Irishman and Irishwoman.
		Until our arms have brought the opportune moment for the establishment of a permanent national government, representative of the whole people of Ireland and electedby the suffrages of all her men and women.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Lobby/1916/irrepdec.html (366 words)

	Easter Rising - 1916
		The Irish simply listened and shrugged their shoulders, or sniggered a little, and then glanced round to see if the police were coming.
		He became the orator of the Irish Volunteer movement, an orator of ultimate revolution, and his power of gripping the rank and file of the Volunteers was due to his mastery of the language, his sincerity, his personality, his fire.
		At the beginning he was just interested in the revival of the Irish language and in bringing back to Ireland her ancient culture and civilisation.
	www.rootsweb.com /~fianna/history/east1916.html (7117 words)

	Royal visit to Irish Republic on the cards
		Speculation is mounting that the Queen could be set to make her first official state visit to the Republic of Ireland.
		Security fears have ruled out a visit to the Republic by the Queen in recent times, however following discussions between Her Majesty and Irish President Mary McAleese in London on Thursday, the Belfast born President said she was confident a visit could take place soon.
		"The Irish and British governments are agreed that a visit should take place and the timing is for a decision by them in the light of the successful development of the political process in Northern Ireland over time,” Mrs McAleese said.
	www.4ni.co.uk /industrynews.asp?id=41427 (377 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ireland, Republic of (British And Irish Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Ireland, Republic of, Gaelic, Eire, republic (1995 est.
		(For physical geography and history to 1922, see Ireland.) From 1922 to 1937 the country was known as the Irish Free State, and from 1937 to 1949 as Eire.
		Dublin is the capital of the republic and by far its largest city.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/IrelandR.html (203 words)

	Proclamation of the Irish Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Irishmen and lrishwomen: In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag and strikes for her freedom.
		and the Irish Citizen Army, having patiently perfected her discipline, having resolutely waited for the right moment to reveal itself, she now seizes that moment, and, supported by her exiled children in America and by gallant allies in Europe, but relying in the first on her own strength, she strikes in full confidence of victory.
		Until our arms have brought the opportune moment for the establishment of a permanent national government, representative of the whole people of Ireland, and elected by the suffrages of all her men and women, the Provisional Government.
	www.usm.maine.edu /%7Emcgrath/documents/proclam.htm (369 words)

	CNN - N.Ireland debates future ties to Irish Republic - Jan. 27, 1998
		Catholic politicians, moderates and Irish Republican Army supporters are determined to build powerful ties with the rest of Ireland, which won independence from Britain in 1922.
		The British and Irish governments, which co-sponsor the talks, are charting a compromise course between those two seemingly opposing goals.
		"The LVF will carry on with its campaign until the Irish Republic drops Articles 2 and 3 of its constitution and stops interfering with the internal affairs of Northern Ireland once and for all," the statement said.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9801/27/irish.talks (603 words)

	Daniel Fisher addresses the Irish Mental Health Commission
		Tony Bates and a former user he had assisted spoke on the importance of mindfulness in recovery from social phobia.
		I told the Irish Commission that their expert panel should also include at least 2 users leaders because we have insider expertise.
		In the words of Laurie Ahern, former Co-Director of NEC, "We are the evidence that people recover from mental illness" i also presented the Commission with NEC's four point proposal on how to implement the US Commission recommendations around user involvement in orienting the system to recovery.
	www.power2u.org /irish_mhc.htm (902 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Ireland
		In an unprecedented and concerted effort to resolve the situation, the Irish and UK governments worked closely together in negotiations which led to the Good Friday Agreement on the future of Northern Ireland in 1998.
		He suffered a setback in 2001 when Irish voters rejected the Nice Treaty in a referendum, but was saved from even greater embarrassment in October the following year when a second referendum endorsed it.
		The Irish print and broadcast media operate freely within the confines of the law.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1038581.stm (652 words)

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