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Topic: Irish Troubles

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Provisional IRA

Guerrilla war

Irish Civil War

Terrorism

Roman Catholic

Protestant

Twentieth century

Siege of Vienna

	EU Referendum: Irish troubles
		It is perhaps ironic that, on the eve of the formal termination of Operation Banner – the military operation in Northern Ireland - fresh troubles of an entirely different kind are about to break out in Ireland proper.
		The Irish, of course, have been there before, with their rejection in 2001 of the Nice Treaty, and the stitch-up in 2002 when they were made to repeat the exercise.
		The Irish Farmers' Association (IFA), says Reuters are hostile to world trade talks involving the EU and have indicated that they will vote "No" if there is no improvement in the EU's position, while many "business bosses" are concerned over the EU's meddling in corporate tax.
	eureferendum.blogspot.com /2007/07/irish-troubles.html (502 words)

	The Troubles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Irish republicans, however, regarded the state forces as "combatants" in the conflict and point to evidence of collusion between the state forces and the loyalists as proof of this.
		The Troubles were brought to an uneasy end by a peace process which included the declaration of ceasefires by most paramilitary organisations, the corresponding withdrawal of most troops from the streets and the reform of the police, as agreed by the signatories to the Belfast Agreement (commonly known as the Good Friday Agreement).
		Another legacy of the Irish Civil War, later to have a major impact on Northern Ireland, was the creation of a marginalised remnant of the Irish Republican Army (1922–1969), illegal in both Irish states and ideologically committed to overthrowing both of them by force of arms and re-establishing the Irish Republic of 1919–21.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Troubles (7060 words)

	The Record - Irish Museum has survived troubles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When Joe Dolan, chairman of the board of the Irish American Heritage Museum, speaks of "troubles," he's referring not to the capital-T "Troubles," the colloquial Irish reference to the sectarian violence that has plagued the island in recent decades.
		Irish workers were leaders in the wildcat B&O Railroad strike of 1877, the first national strike, and were prominent organizers of longshoremen and structural ironworkers and carpenters and glovemakers.
		Irish activists demonstrating for an eight-hour workday were in the thick of Chicago's notorious Haymarket Riot in 1886.
	www.troyrecord.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=9854915&BRD=1170&PAG=461&dept_id=32272&rfi=6 (1149 words)

	Online NewsHour: Irish Peace Talks Forum
		Due to the Irish Republican Army's refusal to agree to a ceasefire, Sinn Fein, the political wing of the IRA, was not allowed to attend the beginning of the conference.
		Irish people generally would not be aware of the role the Irish issue plays in domestic US politics beyond the fact that both the Democrats and the Republicans would like to win Irish-American votes.
		The Irish, both north and south, are well aware Clinton is using Northern Ireland for domestic political purposes, but as long as his interest is seen to be helping, in a vague way (via the Mitchell report and his chairmanship of the talks), as well as with economic investment, only the extreme unionists object.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/forum/june96/ireland_6-14.html (3218 words)

	The Anglo-Irish Treaty
		The Irish delegation consisted of Michael Collins, the famous Irish fighter, Arthur Griffith, Robert Barton, Duffy and Duggan.
		The English were adamantly opposed to an Irish republic and wanted the Irish to agree to Dominion status, signing an oath of allegiance and the exclusion of six counties of Ulster.
		The terms were not presented to the Irish again - the threat of war was the clincher for Collins and Griffith, who believed that the Irish could not win an all-out war against the British.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/british_social_history/66331 (424 words)

	New Hibernia Review v2 n3 Iris Éireannach Nua
		The Irish songs of Thomas Moore (1779–1852), which so often insinuated a “sweet sedition” into the drawing rooms of the English gentry, also conceal a more personal subtext: the grief of the poet over the premature deaths of all five of his children.
		Today, traditional music often serves as a sort of port of entry for Irish Americans wishing to delve into their ethnic roots, and more than a few Irish Studies scholars were first drawn to the discipline through a youthful fascination with the music.
		The most dramatic event in the history of Irish archives was undoubtedly the burning, in June of 1922, of the Public Record Office in Dublin, causing the loss of innumerable documentary sources for Irish history.
	www.stthomas.edu /irishstudies/v2n3.htm (1589 words)

	LiteratureClassics.com -- Essay -- Seamus Heaney's Poetry and its Exploration of the Irish Troubles and the Human ...
		It is through the use of this myriad of imagery and the use of structural techniques that Heaney depicts his feelings toward the Irish Trouble and the various aspects and problems of the human experience.
		This is a part of the Irish troubles, as many people began to accept the violence occurring around them, and so decided to “tune” to it, meaning that no one would speak out against the social and political injustices happening all around them.
		In conclusion, ‘Funeral Rites” discusses the contribution of males, the military and the Church to the Irish troubles, and “Punishment” discusses the plight of individual groups and minorities in Irish society and how they are affected by the Irish troubles.
	www.literatureclassics.com /showessayprint.asp?IDNo=1040 (1710 words)

	New Release (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Troubles in Northern Ireland were the subject of a symposium at Nova Southeastern University on Saturday, January 25, 2003.
		The Irish who arrived in America came with the shame of extreme poverty, tormented by the memory of having seen many in their communities die of hunger and disease.
		The "one house-one vote" policy assured that Irish Catholics--many of whom lived a dozen or more to a house--could not fairly represent themselves in so-called "democratic elections." By 1968 thousands of Catholic Nationalists were marching to win their rights, and the British military became increasingly involved in operations with the Northern Ireland Government's security forces.
	www.nova.edu /library/libdev/releases/2002/dec20.htm (1146 words)

	Irish People and Ireland - Irish news, events in Ireland, Irish culture, genealogy, music, Ireland travel
		Irish People and Ireland - Irish news, events in Ireland, Irish culture, genealogy, music, Ireland travel
		A place for Irish expats, Irish descendants, or anybody with an interest in Ireland.
		Niall O'Dowd:...an immense opportunity for both Ireland and the Irish diaspora in America....
	www.irishabroad.com /Community/password.asp (139 words)

	25 Up: Punk's Silver Jubilee: Shadow of a Gunman: Brit-Punk and Northern Irish Terrorism \| PopMatters Music Feature
		The first British punks and the Northern Irish youth who joined terrorist organizations like the IRA and the UDA were affected by similar conditions: chronic unemployment, clashes with the law, a sense of disempowerment, frustration with the present, and hopelessness about the future.
		The Northern Irish paramilitary groups were not youth subcultures, but disaffected teenagers and young men and women in their early twenties formed the majority of the Provisional IRA and UDA foot soldiers.
		The English punks showed a fascination with the troubles and with terrorism that was largely absent from Northern Irish punk music, perhaps precisely because of the absence of real political violence in English society and the consequent exoticism of the violence of Northern Irish society.
	www.popmatters.com /music/features/011130-25up7.html (2912 words)

	Kelly Cogswell, Labor’s Queer Irish Troubles
		For the past eleven years, the gay community has rallied behind the Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization (ILGO) in its battle against the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the parade organizers, whose main political patron is the powerful New York City Catholic Archdiocese.
		Malloy embodies the powerful twins of the Irish community and labor, a connection Parade Committee Chairman John Dunleavy was quick to draw.
		The December induction was held at the plush Park Avenue headquarters of the Mutual of America, whose chairman, William J. Flynn, is Honorary Chairman-Director of the Parade Committee.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/45/341.html (1938 words)

	Some Irish History
		However, many of the native Irish stayed and became employees of the settlers, and the Ulster Plantation became the most successful plantation in Ireland up to that time, but the ramifications of these "plantings" and conquests 400 years ago evolved into Irish troubles of today.
		Just prior to the onset of these hostilities, the Irish of Ulster had begun a new uprising against the invaders and attacked these planters who had been settled in the North 30 years before, murdering between 10,000 and 15,000 of the Protestants.
		And after this treaty was signed, a series of Penal Laws were enacted by the Irish Parliament, the expressed purpose of which was to try to rid Ireland of Catholicism by forcing the population to become Protestant.
	www.brumm.com /genealogy/walkers_moyers/trails/irishhistory.html (816 words)

	'The Troubles':Northern Ireland 1968-1998 - bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Buckland, Patrick, Irish Unionism I: The Anglo-Irish and the New Ireland, 1885-1922 (Dublin, 1972).
		Irish Unionism II: Ulster Unionism and the Origins of Northern Ireland, 1886-1922 (Dublin, 1973).
		Evans, Ernest, 'The Irish Catholic Church and the Northern Ireland conflict', Conflict, 11 (1991), pp.
	www2.warwick.ac.uk /fac/arts/history/undergrad/modules/hi385/biblio (4542 words)

	Harvard International Review: Irish Troubles
		There are four main parties in the North: Sinn Féin and the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) for Irish nationalists and the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and the Democratic Unionist Party for British unionists.
		In free and democratic elections, Sinn Féin has elected five members to the Irish Dail or Parliament, two Ministers for the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the Lord Mayor of Belfast—not bad for what was made out to be an extremist party.
		The idea of Irish unity is just as legitimate as the idea of keeping the North with Britain.
	hir.harvard.edu /articles/?id=1082 (763 words)

	CAIN: Waterstone's Guide to Irish Books 1998
		His massive and comprehensive The Irish Troubles (Gill and MacMillan pb £14.99 0717122018) is one of the leading accounts of the last thirty years in the North.
		Niall O'Dochartalgh's book From Civil Rights to Armalites: Derry and the Birth of the Irish Troubles (Cork University Press pb £15.95 1859181090) takes Derry as its focus, examining the years 1968 to 1972, from the Civil Rights marches to the height of the conflict in the early 1970s.
		Taking as his premise that the best way to understand the troubles is to get the views of the people living in the North, Parker has compiled a catalogue of interviews with ordinary people, churchmen and terrorists from every side of the community which are illuminating in their content.
	cain.ulst.ac.uk /othelem/waterstones.htm (3792 words)

	Representing the Troubles in Irish Short Fiction
		Representing the Troubles in Irish Short Fiction offers a comprehensive examination of Irish short stories written over the last eighty years that have treated the Troubles, Ireland’s intractable conflict that arose out of its relationship to England.
		Stories about the Troubles began as the romantic expression of the intense nationalism felt by the rebels of the Easter Rising, but the violence and betrayal of the Civil War of 1922-23 led writers to adopt the mode of literary naturalism to express their disillusionment with nationalism.
		Thus he gives extremely useful summary descriptions of the changing public perception of the Troubles, of the role of women in the revolution, or of the solidification of sectarian identities.
	cuapress.cua.edu /BOOKS/viewbook.cfm?Book=STRT (608 words)

	westword.com \| News \| Irish Troubles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Born in 1899 to an Irish landowner, she was a careful, evocative writer but an unreconstructed Unionist.
		In fact, she's likely kicking in her grave over the revisionist liberties screenwriter John Banville (with some help from director Warner) has taken with her book: In the original, Lois goes nowhere near the IRA man; in the film, she gets a lot nearer than near.
		Michael Gambon and Maggie Smith, two highly decorated veterans of stage and screen, are absolutely wonderful (which is to say, wonderfully absurd) as Sir Richard Naylor and Lady Myra Naylor, the musty old snobs who rule Danielstown, the drafty manor house that represents the last bastion of the Anglo-Irish.
	www.westword.com /issues/2000-04-27/movies.html (799 words)

	Shorewood Library
		Irish immigrant Lily Molyneux is more accustomed to sweeping through grand rooms in ball gowns than sweeping floors, until she's banished to America by her furious father.
		Minnie's children do not love the Irish farmland as she does, and as they come of age they each are drawn beyond Ireland.
		This is the gripping story of JosephBrennan, an Irish farmer in the rural community of Cloontha; of his impassioned fight with Mick Bugler, who has returned toIreland from the "New World" to claim ancestral land.
	www.mcfls.org /shorewood/booklists/irish.html (2766 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2003.12.12
		In contrast to the confidently affirmative response of Brian Arkin ("Women in Irish Appropriations of Greek Tragedy," 198-212, esp. 202), McDonagh suggests throughout his essay that the drama affords no easy response to this question, and he leaves readers to ponder the implications of the ambiguity.
		The list is surely meant to help readers appreciate the broad historical context of the plays examined in the volume, specifically the importance of the classical literature and scholarship in Ireland, but its exact contribution is unclear.
		What it underscores, perhaps unintentionally, is the fact that all the Irish poets and playwrights considered in the volume have written in English.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2003/2003-12-12.html (1386 words)

	Irish People and Ireland - Irish news, events in Ireland, Irish culture, genealogy, music, Ireland travel
		IrishAbroad.com is a global Irish community and social networking website with over 207,000 members.
		The site is for Irish expats, descendants and any person wishing to travel to Ireland.
		The site is dedicated to all people around the world that have an interest in anything Irish.
	www.irishabroad.com /Advertise (343 words)

	The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The 20th Century: Topic 3: Explorations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The rise of Irish nationalism after the Easter Rising placed considerable demands on Irish writers to produce works that remember the Rising as heroic and that support the cause of Irish independence.
		But she learns, as have many Northern Irish people, that speaking to people on the other side of the Protestant/Catholic divide can be dangerous.
		Many Irish and Northern Irish writers have felt a deep responsibility to represent the nation.
	www.wwnorton.com /nto/20century/topic_3_05/explorations.htm (736 words)

	Times Argus: Vermont News & Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		President Bush, for example, has told Gerry Adams, who heads Sinn Fein, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army, that for the first time in 10 years he's not welcome at the White House for the president's St. Patrick's Day observance.
		In an interview on Irish radio, King said Americans are finding it "hard to see what the justification is" for the IRA in the present climate.
		The murdered man was attacked in a crowded pub and had his throat slit outside, but none of the witnesses, including several IRA activists, would identify the attackers.
	www.timesargus.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050315/NEWS/503150303/1021 (574 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . Rough Cut . Northern Ireland: Uneasy Peace \| PBS
		The "pro-British unionist/Orange settler community" in the province of Ulster arrived centuries ago and the strident assertion that Northern Ireland is "not" Ireland is an equally ridiculous corruption of history.
		The "troubles" are often overlooked in the US and yet this continuing argument of people, religion, and governments needed to be solved.
		After spending a short time studying the troubles in Derry and Belfast last year through a partnership program of the University of Ulster and Kansas State University, I came to understand that there is not ONE solution to the political, economic, religious, social, and justice issues that resound in Northern Ireland.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/rough/2006/03/northern_irelan.html (2999 words)

	Irish Famine, Troubles Insire Exhibits (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Approximately 45 paintings and sculptures by three generations of contemporary Irish artists are on display in the Burns Library Trustees Boardroom though the end of the month.
		The works are inspired by the Great Famine, which struck Ireland in the mid-19th century and sparked a flood of emigration, much of it to America.
		An exhibition of paintings by three Northern Irish artists whose murals in the Catholic "Bogside" neighborhood of Derry have been among the signature political artworks of the Ulster strife packed up yesterday after a three-week showing in Bapst Library.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/rvp/pubaf/chronicle/v6/jl16/sidebar.html (136 words)

	THE BLANKET * Index: Current Articles
		However, with all his sucesses in the arena of world politick, Reagan`s failure to grasp the Irish troubles and stand up for Ireland and Irish interests was a complete and total debacle and stands out for failure, as he had no Irish policy.
		Ever the actor, when votes were needed he was glad to don the brogue of the Irish and never missed the good photo op.
		But reality was, Reagan turned a blind eye to the Irish troubles and swallowed hook line and sinker the Irish policy spoon fed to him by “Lady” Thatcher in her continuing the murderous colonial occupation of Ireland.
	lark.phoblacht.net /reagansol.html (609 words)

	Electronic Monday Paper (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Her PhD thesis, Troubles in Irish Writing: The influence of politics and religion, is a whole-hog effort, spanning Irish writings from 500 BC to contemporary chicklit.
		In a land beset by "troubles" for centuries and deprived of education and of language, the Irish poured out their strivings and thoughts in song, verse, prose and legend, much of it in Gaelic.
		Avni's thesis tapped into all forms of Irish literature, from the earliest oral legends, through sagas, folklore, poetry and ballads; from the earliest political writings to recent journalism and fiction.
	www.uct.ac.za /news/emp/index.php?id=2795 (1161 words)

	Irish Echo Online - News
		Holland, born Edward John Holland on June 4, 1947, was the author of a number of widely acclaimed books on the Northern Ireland Troubles and for the last 25 years was a reporter, editor and columnist for the Echo.
		Holland's last news story for the Echo, carried in the April 14 issue, was a report on the contrasting treatment of former IRA and INLA members at the hands of law-enforcement authorities on both sides of the Atlantic.
		The Good Friday agreement, and the resulting peace process, prompted Holland to write "Hope Against History," an account of the Troubles that traced the path to the IRA's current cease-fire and the emerging primacy of politics on the part of the republican movement in general and Sinn FÃ©in in particular.
	www.irishecho.com /newspaper/story.cfm?id=14632 (1038 words)

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