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Topic: Irish War of Independence

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	Irish War of Independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To purist Irish Republicans, the Irish War of Independence war had begun with the Proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising of 1916.
		Republicans argued that the conflict of 1919-21 (and indeed the subsequent Irish Civil War) was the defence of this Republic against attempts to destroy it.
		The IRA, as the 'army of the Irish Republic', was perceived by members of Dáil Éireann to have a mandate to wage war on the Dublin Castle British administration headed by the Lord Lieutenant running Ireland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence (4627 words)

	Amity Not Unity by Adrian Wijemanne
		To them war is a well-known and common breakdown of human relationships but they know equally well that in the long run humanity triumphs and peace is secured and that peace is the greatest triumph of the human condition.
		In the first case, the Irish, the new state (now The Republic of Ireland) comprised 26 of the 32 counties on the island of Ireland, the remaining 6 continuing within the UK as the province of Northern Ireland.
		In the Irish and Chechen Wars of Independence the war ended with the unilateral withdrawal of the state’s forces when the state realized that victory in the conventional sense was unattainable and continuance meant high costs without any return.
	www.sangam.org /ANALYSIS_ARCHIVES/amitynot.htm (5035 words)

	Three Monkeys The Irish War of Independence and the IRA, 1916-1921
		During the East Clare by-election, the Irish Volunteers from Clouna marched and drilled publicly when going to attend meetings in support of the Sinn Fein candidate who, of course, was Ãamonn de Valera, and on polling day they were very active at the polling stations.
		Irish public opinion changed in the years during World War I. In 1914 the south had been in favour of receiving Home Rule from the British government, with limited powers, when the war was over.
		The War of Independence, which lasted for two and a half years, resulted in 1,300 deaths, over a thousand of whom were Irish.
	www.threemonkeysonline.com /printable.php?id=32 (5316 words)

	The Irish Civil War, 1922-1923 by Paul V. Walsh - A NYMAS Fulltext Resource
		By the standards of the 'Great War' it was very small indeed; roughly 3,000 deaths were inflicted over a period of eleven months, probably less than the average casualties suffered on the Western Front during a quiet week.
		By the end of the war, however, acts, official or otherwise, were being committed by both sides that would have been unthinkable at its outbreak.
		It is tempting to attribute this emphasis on mobility to a tradition in Irish warfare of relying on lightly armed soldiers, and the use of 'Flying Columns' in the War of Independence is certainly consistent with such a tradition.
	www.libraryautomation.com /nymas/irishcivilwar.html (16352 words)

	War Of Independence Debate On Sectarianism Descends On Unassuming Offaly - Indymedia Ireland
		Britain went to war against the Irish government established by the 1918 elections, and the Irish democracy was defended by its volunteer armed forces, who, for historical reasons were committed to an ideology which sought to transcend the distinction between settler and native within a common national sentiment.
		In addition, the Irish Republican side was well represented by individual Protestants in prominent positions, as detailed by historian Brian Murphy recently in his account of the non-sectarian trajectory of Republican policy and practice during the War of Independence.
		The revisionist historians argue that the IRA was sectarian during the War of Independence.
	www.indymedia.ie /article/74400 (7954 words)

	IRISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
		The Volunteers, or IRA (Irish Republican Army), in local areas responded to The Tans with guerrilla warfare ambushes, such as the Kilmichael Ambush, near Macroom, County Cork, led by Tom Barry.
		The division in the Dail was reflected in the country which led to the outbreak in 1922 of The Civil War.
		The Soloheadbeg Ambush in County Tipperary was one of the most important episodes of The War of Independence.
	homepage.eircom.net /~tipperaryfame/independ.htm (1192 words)

	The World at War - area Timeline from-to
		Irish War of Independence begins with an attack by the Third Tipperary Brigade of Irish Volunteers on members of the Royal Irish Constabulary at Soloheadbeg, Co. Tipperary.
		The IRA formulates Plan Kathleen in hopes of winning Germans support but their German contacts conclude that the IRA is too disorganized to be of use to the Reich.
		The venture has little impact on the shortages and 20 Irish ships are sunk with the loss of 138 lives during the course of the war.
	worldatwar.net /timeline/ireland/18-48.html (3284 words)

	ipedia.com: Anglo-Irish War Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The IRA, as the 'army of the Irish Republic', was perceived by members of Dáil Éireann to have a mandate to wage war on the Dublin Castle British administration running Ireland.
		The war ended in a Truce in 1921, which led to the negotiation of the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921) and the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922.
		A minority of those involved in the War of Independence refused to accept the Treaty and started the Irish Civil War which lasted until mid 1923 and which cost of the lives of some of the leaders of the independence movement, notably Michael Collins and Rory O'Connor.
	www.ipedia.com /anglo_irish_war.html (245 words)

	Irish 1916 Easter Rising ~ War for Independence -
		We declare the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland, and to the unfettered control of Irish destinies, to be sovereign and indefeasibleIn every generation the Irish people have asserted their right to National freedom and sovereignty; six times during the past three hundred years they have asserted it in arms.
		An Irish delegation headed by Arthur Griffith and Michael Collins met representatives of the British Cabinet in London, and after six weeks conference, the Irish delegates, compelled by threat of renewed ruthless warfare on their prostate land, signed a compromise treaty on December 6th.
		An important group of the Irish workers and fighters held out for the Irish Republic, which had been consecrated by the blood of Pearse, Connolly, Clarke and their gallant companions, and by a thousand martyrs since.
	home.fiac.net /marshaw/1916.htm (2639 words)

	War of Independence on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The balance of injustice and the War of Independence.
		WAR OF INDEPENDENCE [War of Independence] 1 In Spanish history, see Peninsular War, 1808-14.
		Changes in the Design of the Urban Space of the Arabs of Haifa during the Israeli War of Independence.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-WarIndep.asp (292 words)

	Iraq War @ PriceOfFreedom.com (Price of Freedom) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Iraq War (2003-present) is an ongoing conflict in Iraq [1], which began with the 2003 invasion of Iraq that resulted in the defeat of Iraq's Hussein-led regular military forces, the capture of all major Iraqi cities and of Saddam Hussein.
		After the 1991 Gulf War, U.N. Resolutions were passed to impose sanctions on the Saddam regime until it was verified that their Weapons of Mass Destruction were destroyed.
		The first calls for war on Iraq came from the Project for the New American Century (PNAC), and the American Enterprise Institute, with arguments based largely on the alleged threat that Saddam posed to American interests in the region, and the project of American influence into the next century.
	www.priceoffreedom.com (4864 words)

	The 1916 Uprising - History, Part 3
		World War I was raging on the Continent and on the sea.
		The bloody manner in which the Brits crushed the rebellion was the key factor leading to Irish Independence.
		It is a fascinating story, the struggle for Independence and the realisation of a centuries-long dream arising from 1916’s ashes.
	www.mickhalpin.com /hist3.htm (509 words)

	Irish War of Independence
		The Irish War of Independence was a sporadic guerrilla campaign that lasted from January 1919 until July 1921.
		The war was prosecuted ruthlessly by the Irish Republican Army which, paralleling the political efforts of Sinn Féin, hoped to break Britain's will to rule Ireland and create an independent Irish republic.
		He is the author of Green Against Green, the definitive history of the civil war in Ireland.
	www.mqup.mcgill.ca /book.php?bookid=744 (221 words)

	Irish Echo Online - Arts
		Their mission was as clear as it was dangerous: locate and kill as many as two dozen members of an elite British unit engaged in espionage and assassination during the ongoing Irish War for Independence.
		By the fall of 1920, it was clear to Collins that the Cairo Gang was closing in on him and the IRA leadership.
		To those who tried to draw some equivalence between the killing of British soldiers in the morning and Irish civilians in the afternoon, Collins had a ready answer: "There is no crime in detecting and destroying in wartime the spy and the inforer.
	www.irishecho.com /newspaper/story.cfm?id=12099 (1098 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Irish Famine causes Irish population to decrease by 2 million due to death and emigration.
		The Irish Home Rule Bill, which grants an independent parliament to Ireland, passes, though enactment is delayed until 1920.
		The Irish Free State is established, ending the Irish Revolution (December 6).
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~cemulshi/timeline.html (354 words)

	History News Network
		Award-winning and radical film director Ken Loach's latest film in production is about the Irish War of Independence and Civil War - and it is likely to ignite intense debate about a brutal period in Irish history.
		The period has filled plenty of history books in the 80 years since, and was given the blockbuster treatment nine years ago in the movie Michael Collins.
		I think it's certainly been written about, but it hasn't been told in the cinema in the way we are going to tell it, which is from the point of view of the ordinary volunteer and the ordinary families," he says on location in Coolea, County Cork.
	hnn.us /roundup/entries/16112.html (200 words)

	Category:Anglo-Irish War (1919-1921) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Please browse the existing categories to check if the category is covered under another name.
		Look for Category:Anglo-Irish War (1919-1921) in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Category:Anglo-Irish War (1919-1921) in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Anglo-Irish_War_(1919-1921) (153 words)

	Contemporary Review: Ireland's War for Independence - Reviews - The Irish War of Independence - Book Review
		Coincidentally, perhaps its publication commemorates the birth of Saorstat Eireann [Irish Free State], the first meeting of Dail Eireann, January 1921 and the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on December 6th, 1921.
		The Government of Ireland Act of the 23rd December of 1920, providing for two subordinate Irish Parliaments north and south and a Council of Ireland to cater for common interests, preceded the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
		Few historians seem to be able to put a terminal date to the civil war but the five-month break between the ending of the war of independence in July 1921 and the outbreak of civil war following the Treaty in December that same year often confuse the untutored in contemporary Irish history.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1650_282/ai_105744934 (352 words)

	1919 - 1921 War of Independence
		On 21st January 1941, the Irish Government announced the creation of a medal for those who tool part in the War of Independence.
		Both versions are also known as the 'Black and Tan' medal or Irish War of Independence service medal.
		In the centre a figure purported to be typical of the Irish flying
	www.irishmedals.com /1921.html (386 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Northern Ireland \| Movie set to reignite civil war debate
		Award-winning and radical film director Ken Loach's latest film in production is about the Irish War of Independence and Civil War - and it is likely to ignite intense debate about a brutal period in Irish history, says BBC NI's Diarmaid Fleming.
		Loach says the film has relevance today, both in the portrayal of an army of occupation - which he says resonates with the war in Iraq - and in examining the legacy of the Treaty which ended the civil war and created the border.
		Loach went to local units of the Irish army reserve to recruit volunteers to play military roles, and the cast includes many who had relations involved in the fighting more than 80 years ago.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/rss/-/1/hi/northern_ireland/4265266.stm (931 words)

	The Luck of the Irish - In the movies, IRA terrorists become dashing heroes. By James Surowiecki
		And Neil Jordan's Michael Collins (1996) sympathetically portrayed Collins and his comrades in the 1918-1921 Irish war for independence from Britain--a war won in part by Collins' strategy of bombings and late-night assassinations.
		Yet all these films are suffused with a sense of the basic justice of the Irish nationalist cause and, more than that, of the purity of the motives that drive the IRA.
		Northern Ireland was split off from the rest of the country in 1921, as part of the peace agreement that ended the Irish war for independence (an agreement negotiated by Michael Collins).
	www.slate.com /id/3141/device/html40/workarea/3 (1366 words)

	Cork historian challenges revisionist Peter Hart on Irish War of Independence - Indymedia Ireland
		Irrespective of one’s views of whether in the heat of battle a definitive view can be formed on a false surrender or on whether ‘sectarianism’ can be adduced as a motive for the Bandon-Dunmanway shootings, the point is that Peter Hart has put forward highly compromised evidence that has been found wanting.
		This was despite Ian Paisley accusing Eugene Reavey of being responsible for the Kingsmill massacre in Westminster.
		Unless otherwise stated by the author, all content is free for non-commercial reuse, reprint, and rebroadcast, on the net and elsewhere.
	www.indymedia.ie /article/75885 (4729 words)

	Books and Movies on Michael Collins, Irish Freedom Struggle -- The Wild Geese Today
		Collins was a forceful presence that forged the Irish nation and Coogan vividly illustrates the turbulence as well as the joy of his life.
		He was the prototype of the urban terrorist and the real architect of the war against the British.
		The Irish Civil War inspired passion, hatred and idealism long after the Free State took control in 1923.
	www.thewildgeese.com /pages/mcollins.html (1106 words)

	Focus On: Aid for Mother Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Eamon de Valera, the president of the first Dáil, the Irish revolutionary parliament, issued this bond in 1920 during the Anglo–Irish War—the Irish war of independence.
		Following the 1932 elections, less than a decade after the Irish Civil War, de Valera returned to power and served as taoiseach (prime minister) and later as president of Ireland until 1973.
		Both this bond and an earlier bond issued by the Fenian Brotherhood are from the records of the Charitable Irish Society on deposit in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
	www.masshist.org /cabinet/march2003/bond2.html (389 words)

	The Irish War of Independence in Cork (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In fact, so effective was their campaign that more than thirty percent all British forces in Ireland were concentrated within the county during the conflict.
		city and county had a major role to play during the Anglo-Irish War of liberation.
		The men and women who were willing to sacrifice all for the love of their country should not be forgotten.
	www.dhoun.utvinternet.ie (132 words)

	Three Monkeys The Irish War of Independence and the IRA, 1916-1921
		The Irish War of Independence and the IRA, 1916-1921
		Their violent behaviour led to them being nicknamed the ‘Black and Tans’ after a particularly ferocious Co. Tipperary hunt pack.
		They were paid 50p per day and in July 1920 they were joined in Ireland by a new Auxiliary Division of the R.I.C.- mostly ex-army officers- who became known as the ‘Auxies’.
	www.threemonkeysonline.com /threemon_printable.php?id=32 (5225 words)

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