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Topic: Irish censorship law

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	Censorship: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		In ancient Rome, censorship was the office or function of a censor.
		Censorship is the use of state power to control freedom of expression.
		The purpose of censorship is to maintain the status quo, to control the development of a society, or to stifle dissent among a subject people.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ce/Censorship.html (342 words)

	Irish Censorship in context - Peter Martin
		Irish censorship appears to modern eyes a perplexing relic of a past we prefer not to acknowledge.
		His attitudes were representative of the Irish Catholic middle class of his day and he prohibited references to divorce, infidelity, nudity and where possible, vulgarity or blasphemy as he defined it.
		Throughout the history of Irish censorship, a variety of pressure groups such as the Catholic Truth Society, the Irish Vigilance Association and the Knights of Columbanus organised submissions from their members.
	www.jesuit.ie /studies/articles/2006/Martin.htm (2702 words)

	Irish
		Irish House of Commons The Irish House of Commons was the lower house of the Act of Union.
		Irish Leader of the Opposition The Irish Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the lar...
		Irish Wolfhound The Irish Wolfhound is a breed of sighthound), bred to hunt.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/irish.html (4356 words)

	Multitext - Ireland: culture & religion, 1912-49
		Irish censorship is probably the most harped-upon feature of the first forty years of national independence—in fact, many intelligent people base, or at least used to base, their whole view of the period on it.
		Irish painting and sculpture were seen as belonging in a provincial British context, or else as third-rate and third-hand borrowings from France, then the most prestigious country in Europe (and the world) in the visual arts.
		Irish Catholics were concerned by the progress of communism in the Soviet Union, and took a particular interest in events in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-9.
	multitext.ucc.ie /d/Ireland_culture__religion_1912-49 (8936 words)

	Censorship in the Republic of Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the Troubles in Northern Ireland censorship was used to prevent Sinn Féin and IRA members from having access to the media.
		In the 1980s, the Irish Family Planning Association and the Trinity College Dublin and University College Dublin student's unions were successfully sued by the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children for publishing telephone numbers for abortion clinics in the United Kingdom.
		The Censorship of Publications Act, 1946 repealed a large part of the 1929 act and was "to make further and better provision for the censorship of books and periodical publications".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_censorship_law (1711 words)

	Irish censorship law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Censorship The history of censorship from ancient to contemporary.
		The National Coalition Against Censorship NCAC aims to educate and mobilize the community against acts of censorship.
		Pornography, Obscenity and the Superhighway - A Case for Censorship New York University Professor Irving Kristol argues for a certain level of censorship.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Irish_censorship_law.html (365 words)

	The Militant - 6/26/95 -- Sinn Fein Leader: `Enemy Is British Rule' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Section 31, a censorship law enacted in 1971, placed a total ban on the broadcast of Sinn Fein, IRA, and other nationalist groups' representatives.
		Now that this censorship law is lifted, "attitudes are changing and Sinn Fein is growing in the South again," said Cahill.
		Nancy Artiega, of Irish Northern Aid, said she was in Belfast last August when the cease-fire was announced.
	www.themilitant.com /1995/5925/5925_6.html (677 words)

	Annotated Bibliography Contents for Letter H (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Censorship of materials intended for use outside Great Britain is compulsory and largely automatic; censorship of material intended for publication within Great Britain is on a voluntary basis.
		In spite of the general merit of the resolution proposing a peacetime sedition act, the author sees danger unless its application is confined to cases where the criminal intent is clear and the likelihood of causing lawless acts is imminent.
		A study of the radical reform movement that swept England and Scotland during the period of the French Revolution and was ultimately crushed by the suppressive measures of the Pitt government.
	twister.lib.siu.edu /cni/letter-h.shtml (5519 words)

	[No title]
		The native Irish were governed by the Penal Laws, an apartheid code, which forbade them to own land or horses, practice their religion, participate in government or educate their children.
		Irish Republicans, however--along with the majority of nationalists never accepted Ireland's partition, and they are still fighting for a united, socialist Ireland.
		Irish feminists agitated for reforms in the welfare system for single mothers, for access of women to equal jobs, pay and education, and for legal divorce and contraception.
	www.etext.org /Politics/INAC/irish.women (2373 words)

	Censorship
		Censorship in cyberspace Censorship in cyberspace is often treated as a separate issue from censorship of offline materi...
		Censorship in the United Kingdom There is a long history of United Kingdom.
		Censorship under fascist regimes The fact that italians were well aware of the fact that any communication could be int...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/censorship.html (138 words)

	SPECIAL REPORT: Ireland
		Lawyers had warned Guerin that published allegations of racketeering and drug-peddling could expose newspapers to libel suits, or provide legal grounds for the dismissal of future criminal charges against the subjects of her articles-unless, of course, these accused mobsters could be persuaded to respond to the charges on the record.
		Irish juries tend to give very large awards to plaintiffs in libel suits against the media, without any regard to a newspaper's circulation, a radio station's listenership, or the viewing figures for particular stations or programs.
		Irish society clearly does not value the good name of those at the bottom of society's ladder as it does those higher up.
	www.cpj.org /attacks96/sreports/ire.html (3053 words)

	Irish Film Insitute»Irish Film Censorship»Past Seasons, Festivals & Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		While such an approach to cinema went relatively unchallenged in the early decades of censorship, this was no longer the case in the post-war years, which saw the emergence of a more risqué cinema both from America and Europe.
		This pushing of the boundaries in cinema—in the adaptations of Tennessee Williams plays, in the horror genre, in British New Wave movies—led to severe anomalies in the administration of Irish film censorship which were largely resolved through a shift in policy towards the issuing of limited certificates from 1965 onwards.
		With the exception of adult pornography, Irish ratings are now little different to those of other western jurisdictions, while the current Censor, John Kelleher, has tried to make the process more transparent with the introduction of the IFCO website.
	www.fii.ie /cinema/f_season1.asp?SID=71 (525 words)

	Cu Digest Archives
		Irish AOL users, although frequently speaking bitterly of AOL's apparent embrace of Unionist disrupters in the Forum, still deeply desired the services to remain open, despite harassment, in the hope that the sites would serve as cross-border opinion exchanges without British censorship or "spin." Unionist AOL members wanted the Forum closed.
		Relatively few laws survive strict scrutiny; the test is harsh enough that very few government actions restricting speech pass it, since few policy-makers take into consideration the hurdles that must be met before speech can be restricted.
		This failure weighed heavily against the library, because established law requires that even if the government has a compelling interest in restricting certain speech, it must do so in a manner which is the least restrictive possible, and the library had made no attempt to do so.
	venus.soci.niu.edu /~cudigest/CUDS11/cud1101.html (4372 words)

	Erin's Web > Learn How to Speak Irish Gaelic!
		Irish has evolved from a form of Celtic which was introduced into Ireland at some period during the great Celtic migrations of ancient times between the end of the second millennium and the fourth century BC.
		In 1366, the English government passed a series of laws (the Statutes of Kilkenny) to stop the Anglo-Irish from becoming totally absorbed in the Gaelic culture: Englishmen were forbidden to wear Irish costumes, speak the native tongue and intermarry.
		Teaching of Irish was forbidden by the English and was done so in an effort to force the Irish to follow British rule and law.
	www.erinsweb.com /gae_index.html (622 words)

	Legal Environment
		Copyright will subsist under Irish copyright law for the lifetime of the author and 70 years after the author’s death, regardless of the date when the work was published or otherwise lawfully made available to the public.
		Irish Copyright and Related Rights Act of 2000 updated Irish copyright law to take account of many changes that have taken place since the Copyright Act, 1963.
		The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the non-profit corporation that was formed to assume responsibility for the Internet Protocol (IP) address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions previously performed under U.S. Government contract by IANA and other entities.
	www.american.edu /initeb/ty5746a/legal.html (746 words)

	New England International and Comparative Law Annual - 1999 - IRELAND'S STRUGGLE WITH ABORTION
		Irish citizens, they contended, had a right to receive and impart information about services that were lawful in other member states because they were citizens of a member state.
		Seemingly, the Irish Supreme Court implied that regardless of what the ECJ decided, it would have the last say as to whether abortion was a service which could be advertised.
		Irish courts often looked to English courts and followed their decisions, and the statute interpreted by the English Supreme Court (the 1861 Act) was identical to the one in place in Ireland.
	www.nesl.edu /intljournal/vol5/yorke.htm (6623 words)

	cearta.ie » Law
		If neither statute nor the arrangement between the couple and the clinic provides for this, then it would seem that the woman has no right to seek to implant the embryos in the hope of bearing a child or children without the consent of her now ex-partner.
		That to the Irish Constitution is a little longer.
		I like the Carnegie Foundation, not least for its founder’s support of Irish and Scottish libraries, one of which was my local library when I was growing up (and it features in the lovingly written and beautifully produced Brendan Grimes Irish Carnegie Libraries.
	www.cearta.ie /category/law (664 words)

	991203
		It might be said that 'postmodern' society is perceived as a problem which the dramatist seeks to address by attempting to establish (in spite of the postmodernist insistence on the impossibility of a Kantian 'view from nowhere') a perspective not fully implicated in the problematic.
		Secular natural law had jettisoned the claims of a universality based on the universality of God's law, but still maintained a quasi-divine notion of an absolute and transhistorical truth.
		Terence J. Fay, S.J. The Irish Messenger of the Sacred Heart from its beginning was a strong ally of the Irish bishops in their struggle to sacralize their communities and to protect them from secularization.
	www.studiesirishreview.com /articles/1999/991203.htm (5259 words)

	Cultural Economics: Copyright CPU
		One ancient responsibility of the State is censorship of subversive or heretical creeds, ideas and the works that transmits such mental contagion to the public.
		Accordingly, the first copyright law of 1476, the year William Caxton introduced the printing press in England, was a licensing law requiring printers to inscribe their name, location and titles of works they wanted to print on a register.
		This was part of an evolutionary process whereby the Common Law courts progressively stripped the guilds, with one notable exception, of their monopoly powers and assumed responsibility for their regulation.
	www.culturaleconomics.atfreeweb.com /cpu.htm (2400 words)

	Media Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The course will consequently deal with a variety of topics, such as the law of defamation, of contempt of court and copyright law, which affect the work of journalists and others who work in the media.
		Similarly the course will require us to measure most aspects of media law against the guarantee of free expression enshrined in Article 10 of the European Convention, which is, in contrast, the subject of an extensive body of case law.
		Finally, European Community law is becoming an increasingly important factor in media regulation - as, for example, in the case of the "Television without Frontiers" Directive (89/552/E.E.C.).
	www.ucd.ie /law/courses/media.html (346 words)

	From British Drama 1890 to 1950
		In the nineteenth century Boucicault wrote plays on Irish subjects, but their mainstay was a lovable, patriotic “stage Irishman” whose charming but sentimental buffoonery rather compromised the ambitions of the nationalistic Irish to free themselves of such stereotyping.
		Yeats’s desire “to build up a Celtic and Irish school of dramatic literature,” expressing “the deeper thoughts and emotions of lreland,” showing “that Ireland is not the home of buffoonery and easy sentiment, as it has been represented, but the home of an ancient idealism,” took precedence.
		Their downfall is not to be interpreted as the inevitable result of man’s sinful nature (one way of accounting for not living up to ideals) but as the result of a vast craving for more abundant life and of realizing that healthy impulse in ways that warp, cheat, or pollute the desire.
	chuma.cas.usf.edu /~dietrich/britishdrama4.htm (14119 words)

	EPIC Alert 5.17 (11/19/98)
		The TRO also precludes retroactive enforcement of COPA, should the law eventually be upheld, for material posted while the restraining order is in effect.
		Although he stressed that today's ruling was not a "final order on the merits," the judge expressly found that the plaintiffs appear likely to prevail in their constitutional challenge.
		Though the COPA, like the CDA, purports to restrict the availability of materials to minors, the effect of the law is to restrict adults from communicating and receiving expression that is clearly protected by the First Amendment.
	www.epic.org /alert/EPIC_Alert_5.17.html (1824 words)

	Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is the story of how Irish men and women came to be dispersed all over the world, and what they made of their lives in their new homes.
		The Harp Re-Strung: The United Irishmen and the Rise of Irish Literary Nationalism (Irish Studies); by Mary Helen Thuente; Hardcover.
		By reevaluating the writings associated with the United Irish movement, especially the works of Thomas Moore and the Young Ireland writers, their context within the culture, and their impact on subsequent Irish nationalistic writing, Thuente establishes that the movement played a pivotal role in the development of Irish literary nationalism.
	www.pacificnet.net /~ianet/Bookstore/irishstud.html (4017 words)

	Irish Submission
		Rely on existing laws to prosecute crimes on the Internet (such as the distribution of child pornography or copyright infringement) rather than pass new laws or regulations treating the new medium specially.
		Therefore, child pornography laws should not be used as false examples of supposed legitimate restriction of freedom of expression, because child pornography is not a matter of expression, but of the abuse of children.
		Government-imposed censorship, over-regulation, or service provider liability will do nothing to keep people from obtaining material the government does not like, as most of it will be on servers in another country.
	www.gilc.org /speech/ireland/gilc-ireland-en.html (3516 words)

	Winkie's Home Page
		I choose World War II censorship of Irish mail because every now and then a few cheap covers could be bought at a society meeting.
		POSTAL ISOLATION - British Censorship of Irish Mail is an alternate view: How the British treated mail to and from Ireland during "The Emergency" as World War II was officially known in Ireland.
		Bill Murphy's Irish Airs contain Irish Airmail related information mainly complimenting his book Irish Airmail 1919-1990.
	members.aol.com /karlfranzw (721 words)

	cearta.ie
		And yet, on the other hand, overprotection of one author is capable of restricting the next (as I have had occasion to observe on this blog, on more than one occasion).
		The office was established by the Censorship of Films Act, 1923 (also here) (as amended), and its remit was extended to include videos by the Video Recordings Act, 1989 (also here).
		Fintan O’Toole makes a strong case in today’s Irish Times (sub req’d) that the leaders’ debates on RTÉ’s Prime Time television programme the week before last (the debates are here and here) were crucial to the outcome of last week’s general election.
	cearta.ie (1876 words)

	EPIC Alert 6.02 (2/3/99)
		This Court and many parents and grandparents would like to see the efforts of Congress to protect children from harmful materials on the Internet to ultimately succeed and the will of the majority of citizens in this country to be realized through the enforcement of an act of Congress.
		However, the Court is acutely cognizant of its charge under the law of this country not to protect the majoritarian will at the expense of stifling the rights embodied in the Constitution.
		Despite the Court's personal regret that this preliminary injunction will delay once again the careful protection of our children, I without hesitation acknowledge the duty imposed on the Court and the greater good such duty serves.
	www.epic.org /alert/EPIC_Alert_6.02.html (1985 words)

	THE BLANKET * Index: Current Articles
		It is the Queen's very own law — the Act of Settlement of 1701 — which STILL TODAY governs who can become the English Monarch.
		All censorships exist to prevent any one from challenging current conceptions and existing institutions.
		Consequently the first condition of progress is the removal of censorships.
	lark.phoblacht.net /fmcm20105g.html (330 words)

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