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Topic: Irish Constitution

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Constitution of Ireland

Articles 2 and 3

1922 Constitution

Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

Ninth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

United States Bill of Rights

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Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

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Irish Free State

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	Constitution - Ratification
		According to a Irish Times opinion poll published on 14.06.05 a greater number of voters (45%) believed a referendum on the EU Constitution should go ahead in Ireland despite its rejection by the French and Dutch people, but more citizens would have voted to reject it than to ratify it.
		Irish Government, Twenty eighth amendment of the Constitution Bill 2005 and the Explanatory Memorandum, 26.05.2005.
		Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, Explanatory Paper on the Constitutional Treaty, October 2004.
	www.unizar.es /euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_Const_Rat_Ireland.htm (883 words)

	Constitution of Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Constitution of Ireland replaced the Constitution of the Irish Free State which had been in effect since the southern state became independent from the United Kingdom in 1922.
		The constitution states that it is the highest law of the land and grants the Supreme Court authority to interpret its provisions, and to strike down the laws of the Oireachtas and activities of the Government it finds to be unconstitutional.
		The Constitution of Ireland, particularly in the form in which it was adopted in 1937, has been accused of favouring the Roman Catholic Church and of bias against Protestants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_constitution (5325 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : Irish spelling. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		While studying Irish language pedagogy, he researched language revitalization at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and was awarded a PhD from the National University of Ireland in 1995 for a dissertation on language revival.
		During the classical Irish period, 1200-1600, a standardized literary language flourished among the literati of the era, the poets and professional scholars, who were supported by literary families and chieftains.
		The phonological variants in Irish are considerable and are attributable to the existence of three separate dialects, roughly corresponding with geographical distribution, canúint an Tuaiscirt 'northern dialect' in the northwest region, canúint an Iarthair 'western dialect' in the western region of Co.
	www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j22/irish.php (4093 words)

	Oireachtas Commission on the Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Essentially it is an exclusivist Constitution seeking to impose a startling degree of manipulated cultural homogeneity in the twenty-six counties.
		We believe the Constitution is inimical to a the new modernising, increasingly secular state which is deeply committed to a refreshingly multicultural, pluralist European Union.
		This article makes Irish the national and first official language of the country, especially when it is coupled with the provisions in Articles 25.4.6 which states that in the case of a conflict between the texts of law enrolled in both Irish and English, the text in Irish shall prevail.
	www.reform.org /commi.htm (1977 words)

	Irish Echo Online - News
		The ICI is an immigrant advocacy group and it opposes the government's bid to alter the Irish Constitution in a way that would make it far more difficult for non-Irish citizens to secure Irish citizenship for their children born in the state.
		The potential change to the Irish constitution, however, would be more restrictive in that it would remove the automatic right to citizenship for the child born in the state.
		Morrison, who fully supports the Irish government's right to combat illegal immigration in the broadest sense of the term, said the argument that the proposed amendment would close a specific "loophole" that was leading to abuse of Irish citizenship law was not valid.
	www.irishecho.com /newspaper/story.cfm?id=14649 (1186 words)

	BUNREACHT NA hÉIREANN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		All revenues of the State from whatever source arising shall, subject to such exception as may be provided by law, form one fund, and shall be appropriated for the purposes and in the manner and subject to the charges and liabilities determined and imposed by law.
		of this Constitution be exercised by or on the authority of the Government.
		All crimes and offences prosecuted in any court constituted under Article 34 of this Constitution other than a court of summary jurisdiction shall be prosecuted in the name of the People and at the suit of the Attorney General or some other person authorised in accordance with law to act for that purpose.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /pub/Constitution/index.html (7893 words)

	Irish Democrat : Greaves Summer School : A constitution for Europe
		Constitutions do not normally include such things, which are the stuff of debate between political right and left, but set general rules for working out such differences.
		If the EU constitution is ratified and comes into force, one can be certain the eventual implosion will be all the greater; for people will not resign themselves to losing their democracy indefinitely.
		The draft constitution was amended by the June 2004 EU summit of presidents and prime ministers in relation to the population-based voting figures, the reduction in the number of EU commissioners to two-thirds of the member states from 2014 etc.
	www.irishdemocrat.co.uk /greaves-summer-school/eu-constitution (5754 words)

	Penn State Irish Organisation Constitution
		The Penn State Irish Organization was conceived and formed in spring 1999 by a group of friends.
		At the start of the spring semester, they got together, wrote a constitution and on April 23, 1999, the organization was formed.
		The Irish have long loved celebrations, and those are a big part of our club.
	www.clubs.psu.edu /up/psio/history.html (411 words)

	Amy M. Buckley, The Primacy Of Democracy Over Natural Law In Irish Abortion Law: An Examination Of The C Case, 9 Duke ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		From the adoption of the Irish Constitution in 1937 until recently, the Irish judiciary consistently recognized and upheld the influence of Catholic natural law in interpreting the Constitution.
		The Constitution was written by Eamon de Valera and adopted in 1937, at a time when Catholic identity was critical to the Irish State and the Irish people in the wake of their independence from Protestant Great Britain.
		It therefore seems illegitimate that Irish courts would acknowledge a risk of suicide as a qualifying risk to the life of the mother when it is obvious that such a holding conflicts with the intended natural law character of the Amendment.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/djcil/articles/djcil9p275.htm (12407 words)

	FAQs - Irish Freedom Committee
		The Irish Freedom Committee™ is a Nation-Wide, U.S.-Based, registered Not-For-Profit organization devoted to education on the root causes of the war with Britain, and the support of Irish political prisoners imprisoned as a result of British military occupation of Ireland.
		As a prerequisite to the promised "Peace", the Irish people were asked to change the Irish Constitution; amending the wording of Articles 2 and 3 to surrender the Constitutional claim to the Six Counties.
		The Irish people were promised "Peace" in exchange for a "Yes" vote to the Treaty-- and since then have seen only more sectarian violence and state-sanctioned murders; including the burning alive of the three Quinn boys and the assassination of noted civil rights attorney Rosemary Nelson.
	www.irishfreedomcommittee.net /FAQs.htm (825 words)

	Irish Law - Irish Constitution
		A new Constitution in 1922 meant that twenty six counties became the independent ‘Irish Free State.’ Six other counties in Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom, and this has, of course, been the subject of great controversy since then.
		Article 73 of the 1922 Constitution carried all previous UK law forward into Irish law, which explains why some pre-1922 UK statutes are still in force in Ireland.
		In 1972 the Constitution was amended to recognise Ireland’s membership of the EEC (now the EU) and there have been similar amendments to recognise major new European Treaties such as the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997.
	www.ucc.ie /law/irishlaw/constitution (439 words)

	The Irish Constitution and Parliamentary System
		This guideline, a constitution, is the heart of all successful countries and through it a country can either rise to greatness or build upon a faulty foundation, doomed to crash down in a time of crisis and revolution.
		This constitution was introduced by de Valera, the leader of Fianna Fail was the Prime Minister or Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland.
		The constitution is clearly influenced by the background of the people that wrote it in an intention to support the people who would live by it.
	www.usna.edu /EnglishDept/ilv/govt.htm (1787 words)

	Duke of Leinster Lodge
		As a constituent Lodge of the Grand Lodge of Ireland the Irish Ritual is used.
		Alone of all the Irish Constitution lodges, Duke of Leinster Lodge retained its allegiance to the Grand Lodge of Ireland on the formation of the new Grand Lodge of South Australia in 1884.
		Eight Irish lodges were formed in the Ballarat Goldfields region commencing with Buninyong Lodge in 1858.
	www.irish-freemasons.org /363_temp.htm (708 words)

	AMENDMENTS TO THE IRISH CONSTITUTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The recognition that a united Irish State should only come about with the consent of a majority of the people in both jurisdictions is positive, as is the admission that two jurisdictions presently exist.
		Article 29 of the Constitution deals with the Irish State's international relations and membership of the United Nations, the EEC and the European Union etc.
		These constitutional changes will permit the Irish State to overcome the legal barriers that have hitherto prevented its exercising joint authority over the six counties.
	www.ulsternation.org.uk /constitutional_amendments.htm (581 words)

	The Irish State - Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The basic law of the State is the Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann) adopted by referendum in 1937.
		It is the successor to the Constitution of Dáil Éireann (1919) and the Constitution of the Irish Free State (1922).
		The Constitution may be amended only by an Act of the Oireachtas, the Bill for which has been approved by the people in a referendum after being passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas.
	www.ireland-information.com /reference/constiti.html (453 words)

	Mary Kelly - Facts
		Under Article 28.3.1 of the Irish Constitution, a UN Resolution was needed to launch a war of significant military action against the state of Iraq in order to allow use of any Irish airport such as Shannon, or Irish airspace for the purposes of any such military action or war.
		The UN Charter and international law state that "assistance" to a belligerent country constitutes participation in the war, and as such Ireland stands subject to prosecution in the International Criminal Court for war crimes.
		Mary's argument is that she was acting as an engaged citizen, in defence of the Irish constitution and in accordance with international law.
	www.freewebs.com /mary_kelly/facts.html (882 words)

	Irish Echo Online - Arts
		In the wake of the Treaty (1921) and subsequent Civil War (1922-23), de Valera and the anti-treaty republicans boycotted Irish politics, insisting that the Free State government was invalid and that the second Dail, elected in 1920, remained the only legitimate government of Ireland.
		Three years later, he seized the opportunity presented by the constitutional crisis in England over King Edward VIII?s abdication to eliminate the office of Governor-General altogether and to reduce further the authority of the King in the Irish Constitution.
		The new Constitution passed in a national referendum with 57 percent of the vote.
	www.irishecho.com /newspaper/story.cfm?id=13928 (1214 words)

	Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Constitution establishes the branches or organs of government, it establishes the courts and it also sets out how those institutions should be run.
		One of the most important Articles of the Constitution is Article 15.4, which states that the Oireachtas must not enact any law that is repugnant to the Constitution and that any such law is invalid.
		If a proposed new law is repugnant to the Constitution, it cannot be enacted without first changing the Constitution by a constitutional referendum.
	www.oasis.gov.ie /government_in_ireland/the_constitution/constitution_introduction.html (265 words)

	Constitution of Irish Doctors Environmental Association
		IDEA is an Irish organisation established by health professionals seeking to promote the right to health and peaceful co-existence worldwide.
		The main object for which the body is established is to foster and promote, through education, publications and seminars, a concept of health as a state of physical, psychological and social well-being, which acknowledges the potential impact of environmental conditions, violent conflict, and inequalities within and between nations on that well-being.
		No addition, alteration or amendment shall be made to or in the provisions of this Constitution for the time being in force unless the same shall have been previously approved in writing by the Revenue Commissioners.
	www.ideaireland.org /constitution.htm (1583 words)

	Department of the Taoiseach - Constitution of Ireland - Bunreacht na hÉireann
		The Constitution can be changed only by a referendum in which every citizen of Ireland, over the age of 18, is entitled to vote.
		The Constitution was passed in a referendum on the 1st July 1937.
		Amendments effected since the Constitution was enacted in 1937 up to the time of printing of the latest edition (November 2004) are listed in the attached documents.
	www.taoiseach.gov.ie /index.asp?docID=243 (162 words)

	[No title]
		'Legitimating the Post-colonial Space: The Irish Constitution and the Ideal of National Identity', paper presented at a conference entitled New Directions: Postcolonialism, Histories and Identities held at the University of Sussex, 22-23 September 1997.
		'Defying the Female: The Irish Constitutional Text as Phallocentric Manifesto' paper delivered at a conference entitled Literature and Legality at the University of the West of England, Bristol, 29th June 1996.
		'The Irish Constitution: Collective Conscience or Guarantor of Liberty?' paper delivered as part of the University of Sussex/University of Toronto Workshop on Constitutionalism, at the University of Sussex, Wednesday 17 May 1995.
	www.bbk.ac.uk /law/about/ft-academic/hanafin/publications/printable (1734 words)

	AllAboutIrish - Irish Citizenship
		Articles 2 and 3 of the Irish Constitution define the birthright of all born on the Irish island to be part of the Irish nation while at the same time recognizing the importance of the diversity of the traditions among the people of the Irish island.
		Birth on the Irish island - Anyone born on the Irish island (or on her ships, seas, or aircraft) is eligible to be a citizen of the Republic of Ireland.
		Current citizenship law, in keeping with the Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement, requires those born in Northern Ireland to specifically indicate that they wish to be a citizen of the Republic.
	www.allaboutirish.com /library/identity/irishcitizen.shtm (212 words)

	Irish defamation law
		After all, Article 40.6.1.i of the Irish Constitution says that the State guarantees the right of citizens to express freely their convictions and opinions.
		The highest award ever given by an Irish court in defamation damages was £300,000 to former Democratic Left leader Proinsias de Rossa for allegations that he approved of anti-semitism.
		And in the April 2001 case of Irish parliamentarian Beverley Cooper-Flynn against state broadcaster RTE, the jury found that RTE had not proved its case, but other evidence showed that the plaintiff's character had not been damaged.
	indigo.ie /~kwood/defamation.htm (3110 words)

	Irish FAQ: Politics [4/10]
		From: irish-faq@pobox.com (Irish FAQ Maintainer) Sender: cpm@enteract.com (Christian Murphy) Newsgroups: soc.culture.irish Subject: Irish FAQ: Politics [4/10] Summary: the peculiarities of Irish politics Keywords: voting political parties agreement Date: Mon, 08 Nov 1999 02:10:02 GMT Message-ID: Archive-name: cultures/irish-faq/part04 Last-modified: 7 Oct 99 Posting-Frequency: monthly URL: http://www.enteract.com/~cpm/irish-faq/ Part four of ten.
		Institutions with executive powers and functions that are shared between those jurisdictions may be established by their respective responsible authorities for stated purposes and may exercise powers and functions in respect of all or any part of the island.
		Regarded as the representative of moderate nationalism, it is committed to the establishment of a single Irish nation, but adamantly opposed to the use of violence to force this on people.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/cultures/irish-faq/part04 (2217 words)

	Irish Abroad - Irish American News
		Meanwhile, in Ireland the electorate are voting on an amendment to the Irish Constitution concerning Irish citizenship.
		Democracy was seriously weakened by this charade, and the Irish constitution made a mockery of.
		But the point is that in all probability the second vote that was foisted on the Irish public was the more accurate of the two plebiscites; most people in Ireland were, as it happens, in favour of the Nice Treaty.
	www.irishabroad.com /news/irishpost/news/copout.asp (1398 words)

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