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Topic: Irish general election, 1969

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In the News (Thu 23 May 13)

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	Irish Republican Army at AllExperts
		Physical force Irish republicanism as an ideology had a long history, from the United Irishmen of the 1798 and 1803 rebellions, to the Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848 and the Irish Republican Brotherhood rebellion of 1867.
		However the term Irish Republican Army in its modern sense was first used in the second decade of the 20th century for the rebel forces of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizens Army during the Easter Rising.
		In theory, the IRA was responsible to the Dail and was the army of the Irish Republic.
	en.allexperts.com /e/i/ir/irish_republican_army.htm (5623 words)

	Irish Northern Aid, Inc./Irish History Overview
		The Irish resisted strongly and it was not until 1601 in the reign of Elizabeth I of England that the Gaelic system of law and organization was broken.
		The Irish Volunteers became the Army of the Republic, under the Ministry of Defense and pledging its allegiance to Dail Eireann.
		Three mayors of Irish cities, all members of the IRA, were killed by the British; martial law was declared through nearly half of the country; streets, shops and factories in many towns were burnt to the ground; there were executions in prisons and torture in internment camps.
	www.inac.org /irishhistory (2219 words)

	Dáil Éireann
		The first Dáil was constituted in Dublin on January 21, 1919, after the republican Sinn Féin movement had won 73 of Ireland's 105 seats in the British House of Commons in the previous month's general election.
		Only 27 members were present at the Dáil's first session to adopt the Declaration of Independence of the Irish Republic: many of the other Sinn Féiners were in prison.
		Like all elections in Ireland, Dáil elections are by a system of proportional representation with single transferable vote [1] (http://www.rte.ie/news/dailguide/prsystem.html).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/da/Dail.html (626 words)

	Indonesia's 1969 Takeover of West Papua
		Over six weeks from July to August 1969, U.N. officials conducted the so-called "Act of Free Choice." Under the articles of the New York Agreement (Article 18) all adult Papuans had the right to participate in an act of self-determination to be carried out in accordance with international practice.
		In July of 1968 the UN-appointed Ambassador Fernando Ortiz Sanz arrived in Jakarta as the Secretary General's Special Representative for assisting Indonesia with the West Irian plebiscite, as called for by the 1962 New York Agreement.
		He also hints Indonesia will insist on indirect means for ascertaining the wishes of the inhabitants of the territory in 1969, perhaps relying on tribal leaders who can be induced with "favors for them and their tribes." Green expresses concern about the "deteriorating" situation.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB128/index.htm (1559 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 1981 and 1982 Ireland was faced with three general elections Ahern increased his personal vote on all three elections, on one occasion he even out-polled his running mate George Colley, a man who hoped to be Taoiseach less than three years earlier.
		The Irish presidential election, 1990 was the first one to be contested for seventeen years.
		Following the Irish General Election, 1997 it was clear that there would be a change of government.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Bertie_Ahern (1640 words)

	Joe McDonnell Biography
		Generally quiet and serious while on an operation, whether an ambush or a bombing mission, Joe's humour occasionally shone through.
		Incarcerated in H5-Block, Joe acted as 'scorcher' (an anglicised form of the Irish word, scairt, to shout) shouting the sceal, or news from his block to the adjoining one about a hundred yards away.
		In June, Joe was a candidate during the Free State general election, in the Sligo/Leitrim constituency, in which he narrowly missed election by 315 votes.
	www.irishhungerstrike.com /joemcdonnellbio.html (1621 words)

	[No title]
		Irish Texans fought for the Confederacy in the Battle of Glorietta in New Mexico, in the Battles of Palo Alto and Val Verde, in the Battle of Galveston Bay, January 1, 1863 and in the Battle of Sabine Pass, September 8, 1863.
		Irish Texans were very prominent in helping to unite Texas with a railroad system and in developing its petroleum industry.
		Irish Texans are to be found in all sports in various amateur and professional athletic teams and also on coaching staffs in Texas.
	members.aol.com /IrishWord/Ir-Tex4.htm (15821 words)

	Northern Ireland House of Commons, 1921-1972
		Elections to the Northern Ireland House of Commons were not on the whole great historical events, apart perhaps from the very first one in 1921 and the very last in 1968.
		The 1921 and 1925 elections were by proportional representation (Single Transferable Vote), with the Belfast constituencies, Queen's University and County Armagh each electing four representatives, Londonderry electing five, Antrim seven, Down eight and Fermanagh/Tyrone also eight.
		The last election ever held to the Northern Ireland House of Commons took place for the Belfast St Anne's seat in November 1970 after the death of an anti-reform official Unionist, and resulted in the victory of his son, who is now a UUP life peer.
	www.ark.ac.uk /elections/hnihoc.htm (2478 words)

	New Jersey's Greatest Irish American Leaders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A former county freeholder, he served as deputy grand marshal of the Newark Irish parade in 1937, general chairman in 1948 and 1949 and as grand marshal in 1951.
		Born in County Roscommon, Ireland, Gillen was the first Irish born Mayor of the City of Newark (1917) and the first grand marshal of the Newark St. Patrick’s Day Parade(1936).
		Served as a member of the General Assembly from Camden County from 1954 to 1961 and as Speaker in 1958 Resigned to become president of the Public Utility Commission in 1961.
	www.politicsnj.com /irish2005.htm (1972 words)

	1918 Westminster Election - Politics.ie Wiki
		The Irish Parliamentary Party received 22% of the vote, but only 6 seats, due to the British first past the post electoral system, which was used in all but two constituencies and also because they did not stand candidates in various constituencies because of weakened organization.
		The election was marred by allegations of widespread corruption, intimidation and fraud.
		This is largely relating to the number of seats that the Irish Parliamentary Party did not contest, reputedly due to intimidation not to run.
	www.politics.ie /wiki/index.php?title=1918_Westminster_Election (335 words)

	Dail Elections since 1918
		The result was that future Senate elections in the Irish Free State were restricted to TDs and Senators, and the rate of replacement was stepped up to twenty members plus vacancies rather than fifteen at each triennial election.
		Afer this sequence of elections, there was general relief among the political classes when Hillery announced that he would seek a second term as President, and he was re-elected unopposed.
		General expectations were that Fine Gael and the Progressive Democrats would form a coalition with Labour; but instead Labour opted to do a deal with Fianna Fáil, keeping Albert Reynolds as Taoiseach of a government with a massive majority.
	www.ark.ac.uk /elections/gdala.htm (3582 words)

	The IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This tradition generally only found effective expression when after a period of non-armed agitation, large sections of the Irish people, faced with the British government's denial of the legitimate demand for Irish independence, exercised the right to use armed struggle.
		The lessons of this period were not lost on succeeding generations of Irish patriots and the Fenian Movement of the late 1850s and 1860s won widespread support in Ireland and America for its programme of armed struggle to achieve an Irish Republic.
		The Irish Volunteers became the Army of the Republic, under the Ministry of Defence and pledging its allegiance to Dáil Eireann.
	users.westnet.gr /~cgian/irahist.htm (2418 words)

	2) How did the "Troubles" in Northern Ireland start?
		Proportional representation was eliminated for local council elections in 1922 and for the Northern Ireland Parliament in Stormont in 1929.
		After a general election (in which he retained a narrow majority) he was forced out of office in April 1969, following a bombing which was blamed on the IRA but later turned out to be the work of loyalists.
		Stormont, as the Northern Irish government and parliament were known, was suspended (later to be abolished) and direct rule from London was introduced by the British Prime Minister, Ted Heath.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/cultures/irish-faq/part05/section-2.html (908 words)

	Chapter 13 Lecture Notes
		It is generally called the "upper" house because it has stricter qualifications than the House, more prestige, a longer term of office, and has historically been a stepping-stone to higher political office.
		Under the general ticket system, all of the State's seats are filled from the State at large — that is, from the State as a whole.
		Most congressional advertising takes place between elections and takes the form of contact with constituents: members concentrate on staying visible, and trips to the home district (or state) are frequent.
	www.whc.net /irish/government/ap/lectures.htm (4954 words)

	Mary Robinson, High Commissioner for Human Rights (1997-2002) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		She placed special emphasis during her Presidency on the needs of developing countries, linking the history of the Great Irish Famine to today's nutrition, poverty and policy issues, thus creating a bridge of partnership between developed and developing countries.
		In 1969 she became the youngest Reid Professor of Constitutional Law at Trinity College, Dublin.
		She was called to the bar in 1967, becoming a Senior Counsel in 1980, and a member of the English Bar (Middle Temple) in 1973.
	www.unhchr.ch /html/hchr/unhc.htm (751 words)

	ipedia.com: Bertie Ahern Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 1997 the 'Rainbow Coalition' came to an end and a general election was called.
		On June 26 1997 Bertie Ahern was elected the youngest Taoiseach in the history of the Irish state.
		In interviews Ahern has expressed his interest in leading Fianna Fáil into a third general election victory that he hopes will be in 2007.
	www.ipedia.com /bertie_ahern.html (1652 words)

	Irish History
		Militant Sinn Fein sweep victories in the general election.
		The Downing Street Declaration is signed by Albert Reynolds, (the Irish Prime Minister), and John Major,(the British Prime Minister).
		The Republic agrees to withdraw from it's constitution it's claim to the north and the British government agree to delete parts of their constitution dealing with the status of Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom.
	home.comcast.net /~jmcm01/irishhistory.htm (379 words)

	POSTAL AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES ACT, 1983
		75 Recoupment of free postage for elections, referenda and messages to certain organs of State.
		Recoupment of free postage for elections, referenda and messages to certain organs of State.
		General ministerial powers in relation to postal and telecommunications services.
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /ZZA24Y1983.html (986 words)

	Irish Republican Army information - Search.com
		This article primarily deals with the organisation recognised by Dáil Éireann in 1919 as the legitimate army of the Irish Republic (1919—1922).
		For Irish paramilitary organisations after 1922 that claim or have claimed the to be the linear descendant of that army and have called themselves "Irish Republican Army" see Irish Republican Army (1922-1969), Official Irish Republican Army (1969-), Provisional Irish Republican Army (1969-), Continuity Irish Republican Army (1986-), and Real Irish Republican Army (1997-).
		However the term Irish Republican Army in its modern sense was first used in the second decade of the 20th century from the merger of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizens Army after the Easter Rising.
	www.search.com /reference/Irish_Republican_Army (5635 words)

	UK Parliament - Elections FAQ page
		British citizens are entitled to vote at elections providing that they are aged 18 or over and are not subject to any legal incapacity to vote.
		Citizens of other Commonwealth countries and the Irish Republic may also vote at parliamentary elections if they are resident in Britain, aged 18 or over and are not subject to any legal incapacity to vote.
		Any man or woman who is a British citizen, or a citizen of another Commonwealth country or the Irish Republic, may stand as a candidate at an election provided he or she is aged 21 or over and is not disqualified in any way.
	www.parliament.uk /faq/elections_faq_page.cfm (813 words)

	Significant United States Supreme Court Cases
		The question presented was whether the limits placed on electoral expenditures by the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, and related provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, violate the First Amendment's freedom of speech and association clauses.
		S.S. Allwright was a county election official; he denied Lonnie E. Smith, a fl man, the right to vote in the 1940 Texas Democratic primary.
		Even though the Democratic Party was a voluntary organization, the fact that Texas statutes governed the selection of county level party leaders, the party conducted primary elections under state statutory authority, and state courts were given exclusive original jurisdiction over contested elections, guaranteed for fls the right to vote in primaries.
	www.whc.net /irish/government/ap/cases.htm (11058 words)

	Irish Echo Online - News
		The Irish American Unity Conference wants to see justice done in the case of the murder of Belfast man Robert McCartney.
		The Sunday Independent reported that Clinton might also devote time during his visit to aid the slumping Northern Ireland peace process in the aftermath of the British general election, which is being held May 5.
		The Star Ledger's editor, Jim Willse, is a former editor of the Daily News in New York and is Irish American with family roots in Roscommon.
	www.irishecho.com /newspaper/story.cfm?id=16291 (543 words)

	CBC News Indepth: US Election 2004
		His career in public service began in 1969 when he joined the Nixon administration, serving in a number of positions including as an adviser to current Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.
		In November 1975, he was named assistant to the president and White House chief of staff, a position he held throughout the remainder of the Ford Administration.
		He won that election – and was re-elected five times after that.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/uselection2004/candidates.html (3161 words)

	BBC Politics 97
		In the first Northern Irish General Election in 1921, the Unionists won 40 of the 52 seats in the assembly.
		Unionist MPs in the UK Parliament took the Tory whip until it was withdrawn by Edward Heath after the February 1974 General Election.
		At the 1997 General Election, the UUP fielded 16 candidates out of 18 Ulster seats.
	www.bbc.co.uk /politics97/parties/pauup.shtml (527 words)

	New Page 3
		The Irish in Chicago, coauthor (Champaign and Chicago: The University of Illinois Press, 1987).
		Irish Nationalism and the American Contribution, editor and contributor (New York: Arno Press, 1976).
		British, Irish, and Irish-American history; and conducting undergraduate honors and graduate seminars and tutorials.
	library.sau.edu /irish/new_page_3.htm (1153 words)

	THE BLANKET * Index: Current Articles
		This is the SDLP’s only option if it is to avoid electoral annihilation in the North’s council elections in May 2005 as well as in the expected General Election – also rumoured to be either staged in February or May 2005.
		Former Irish President, the late Eamonn de Valera, led Fianna Fail away from its blood-stained roots in the anti-Treaty IRA, and Fine Gael has buried any political skeletons it might have had in the past with General Eoin O’Duffy’s notorious fascist Blueshirts.
		As in Britain, the political jungle drums are hammering out the rumours of a General Election in the South, too.
	lark.phoblacht.net /jc19114g.html (1189 words)

	ipedia.com: List of election results Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This is a list of election results from around the world.
		There is also a list of political parties and a list of politics by country.
		UK Regional and local elections (including Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales)
	www.ipedia.com /list_of_election_results.html (377 words)

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