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Topic: Irish general election, 1937

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	Irish general election, 2002 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Irish general election of 2002 was held on Friday 17 May 2002, just over three weeks after the dissolution of the 28th Dáil on Thursday 25 April by President Mary McAleese, at the request of the Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern.
		The general election took place in 42 parliamentary constituencies throughout the Republic of Ireland for 166 seats in the lower house of parliament, Dáil Éireann.
		In the immediate aftermath of the election, Fine Gael leader Michael Noonan announced his resignation from the leadership and Enda Kenny was chosen as the new leader in the subsequent election.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_General_Election,_2002 (572 words)

	IRELAND FACTS AND HISTORY
		Irish is spoken as the vernacular by a relatively small number of people, however, mostly in areas of the west.
		Irish liberation from British rule was achieved as the result of a struggle extending over several centuries and marked by numerous rebellions.
		The new constitution, which abolished the Irish Free State and established Eire as a “sovereign independent democratic state,” was approved by the voters in a plebiscite conducted simultaneously with the election.
	www.angelfire.com /ca/irelandhistory/1998.html (5493 words)

	Irish Free State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Irish Free State (Irish language:, Saorstát Éireann) was (1922-1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Ireland's 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and Irish Republic representatives in London on December 6, 1921.
		In 1918 the majority of Irish seats in the Westminster parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were won (mainly without contests) by Sinn Féin, a previously monarchist party that under Eamon de Valera's leadership from 1917 had campaigned for an Irish republic.
		In 1937, Eamon de Valera replaced the 1922 constitution of Michael Collins with his own, renamed the Irish Free State Éire, and created a new 'president of Ireland' in place of the Governor-General of the Irish Free State.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/i/ir/irish_free_state.html (2113 words)

	Irish general election, 1937 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Irish general election of 1937 was held on July 1, 1937, just over two weeks after the dissolution of the 8th Dáil on June 14.
		The newly elected 138 members of the 9th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on July 21, 1937 when the new President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State was appointed
		The general election took place in 34 parliamentary constituencies throughout the Republic of Ireland for 138 seats in the lower house of parliament, Dáil Éireann.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_general_election,_1937 (146 words)

	BUNREACHT NA hÉIREANN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A general election for Seanad Éireann shall take place not later than ninety days after a dissolution of Dáil Éireann, and the first meeting of Seanad Éireann after the general election shall take place on a day to be fixed by the President on the advice of the Taoiseach.
		Elections for members of such local authorities shall be held in accordance with law not later than the end of the fifth year after the year in which they were last held.
		The Attorney General shall be appointed by the President on the nomination of the Taoiseach.
	www.taoiseach.gov.ie /upload/publications/297.htm (7893 words)

	Embassy of Ireland - Washington, DC
		The Irish State The institutions of the State were consolidated and a tradition of political stability established in the first two decades after the achievement of independence in 1922.
		The general direction and control of the force is vested in the Commissioner, subject to regulations made by the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform.
		Irish soldiers have also served with the UN in Somalia, Congo, Cambodia, El Salvador, Afghanistan, Kuwait and and are currently deployed in Liberia.
	www.irelandemb.org /govt.html (963 words)

	Irish Government Online Research :: Information about Irish Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Attorney General of Ireland and Irish Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach are often mistakenly believed to be members of the Government, they are not, but they often attend cabinet meetings.
		The Government was preceded by the Executive Council of the Irish Free State of the 1922 - 1937 Irish Free State.
		Irish Minister for the Co-Ordination of Defensive Measures
	in-northcarolina.com /search/Irish_Government.html (1793 words)

	Eamon de Valera
		Relations with the new Irish government, which was backed by most of the Dáil and the electorate, and the Anti-treatyites under the nominal leadership of deV, now descended into the Irish Civil War (June 1922), in which the pro-treaty Free State forces defeated de Valera's Republicans.
		So close was the election that a mere one vote more in each ballot box in the Republic for his opponent would have been enough to secure the election of Fine Gael's youthful presidential candidate, Tom O'Higgins.
		His role in Irish history is no longer unequivocally seen by today's historians as a positive one, and a recent controversial biography by Tim Pat Coogan alleges that his failures outweigh his achievements, with deV's reputation declining as that of his great rival in the 1920s, Michael Collins is rising.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/e/ea/eamon_de_valera.html (4393 words)

	ireland.com / Today / News in Focus / ELECTION 2002
		The forthcoming general election, the 26th to be held since the foundation of the State, follows an unusually lengthy interval of five years since the preceding poll.
		Irish voters are still more likely to express a first preference for one of the two major parties which dominated Irish politics in the 1920s than for any other party.
		While independent Ireland decisively turned its back on the trappings of monarchy with the 1937 constitution and the declaration of the republic in 1948, dynastic politics are alive and well, and the civil war split still serves as the underlying rationale for the state's two largest parties.
	www.ireland.com /focus/election_2002/voting/ohalpin.htm (669 words)

	Flag of Ireland - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Irish tricolour with its three equal vertical bands of Green (hoist side), White and Orange is the national flag of the Republic of Ireland.
		At the state funerals accorded to Irish patriots Sir Roger Casement (1965), Kevin Barry[?] (2000) and others, the National Flag were draped across their coffins as a mark of respect and honour.
		In particular, its usage by Sinn Féin, a republican party, at election counts in the 2002 Irish general election to triumphantly celebrate its electoral victories caused considerable comment and criticism in the Irish print and broadcast media, the party and its members being accused of showing 'gross disrespect' to the National Flag.
	openproxy.ath.cx /fl/Flag_of_Ireland.html (674 words)

	Éire : Eire
		Éire (in the Irish language, translated as "Ireland") is the name given in Article 4 of the 1937 Irish constitution to the twenty-six county Irish state that was created under the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty and which had been known between 1922 and 1937 as the Irish Free State.
		Since 1949, the term Republic of Ireland has generally been used in preference to Éire, to clarify that the country rather than the whole island is under discussion.
		The use of Éire in the 1937 constitution was deliberate and indicative of the claim to the entire island.
	www.fastload.org /ei/Eire.html (455 words)

	Irish FAQ: History [5/10] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Generally, though, the discrimination against Catholics (who were regarded as treacherous and potential allies of France and Spain) was worse than that against the nonconformists.
		Proportional representation was eliminated for local council elections in 1922 and for the Northern Ireland Parliament in Stormont in 1929.
		After a general election (in which he retained a narrow majority) he was forced out of office in April 1969, following a bombing which was blamed on the IRA but later turned out to be the work of loyalists.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/cultures/irish-faq/part05 (2985 words)

	Behind the Mask
		The small band that Pearse led was known as the "Irish Volunteers," but their political philosophy was that of "Sinn Fein" ("We Ourselves"), a separatist organization committed to Irish political and economic independence, founded in 1905 by the Dublin journalist, Arthur Griffith.
		The Republic it was not, a fact underlined by the obligation on all members of the new Free State parliament to swear that they would be "faithful to HM King George V, his heirs and successors." Collins knew that Pearse would have turned in his grave at the oath, despite the compromise he had negotiated.
		Despite the fact that the Irish general election of June 16, 1922, returned an overwhelming pro-Treaty majority to the Dail, large sections of the IRA ignored the result, in particular those who had attended the Army Convention and pledged allegiance to the Republic they felt Collins had betrayed.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/t/taylor-mask.html (5832 words)

	Eamon De Valera & the Fianna Fail
		In 1922 the Dail Éireann (the Irish Assembly) ratified the treaty.
		The 1932 Elections were the 4th General Elections since the establishment of the Irish Free State.
		In so far as any general line can be extracted from their many divergent and contradictory utterances, their objective seems to be to cut off this country from the rest of the world.
	meandmypage.tripod.com /Art/DeValera.html (5145 words)

	The World at War - area Timeline from-to
		Irish War of Independence begins with an attack by the Third Tipperary Brigade of Irish Volunteers on members of the Royal Irish Constabulary at Soloheadbeg, Co. Tipperary.
		Republican prisoners in Dublin’s Mountjoy Prison begin hunger strike to draw attention to the general state of affairs in Ireland and to the refusal of the British government of David Lloyd- George to recognize the IRA as a belligerent entitled to have its members treated as prisoners of war.
		The new constitution abolishes the Oath of Allegiance, replaces the Governor General with a President, makes Gaelic the country’s first official language, recognizes the special position of the Roman Catholic Church in Irish society, prohibits the state from granting divorce and claims the whole island of Ireland and surrounding water as the national territory.
	worldatwar.net /timeline/ireland/18-48.html (3284 words)

	De Valera, Eamon. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the general election of 1932 his party gained control of the Dáil, and De Valera became head of the government.
		Fianna Fáil was defeated in the election of 1948, but De Valera returned as prime minister with independent support (1951–54) and with an absolute party majority (1957–59).
		Hampered by failing vision, in 1959 he moved to the less demanding office of president of the republic, to which he was reelected in 1966.
	www.bartleby.com /65/de/DeValera.html (455 words)

	Irish FAQ: History
		Irish parliament recognises Henry VIII as head of the Church.
		Irish lands granted to soldiers and creditors of the Commonwealth.
		First Irish Land Act increases security of tenure for tenant farmers and extends Ulster custom (compensation for improvements to property) to the whole island.
	www.geocities.com /welisc/ifaq/part05.html (1151 words)

	Archives Dept, University College, Dublin
		He was released in the general amnesty in 1917; elected a member of the National Executives of both Sinn Féin and the Irish Volunteers in October 1917; and elected Sinn Féin M.P. for South Monaghan in the 1918 general election.
		He was a founder member of Fianna Fáil, was elected T.D. for County Dublin in the June 1927 general election, and was returned at every subsequent election until 1969, for the County Dublin, Dublin Townships, and Dublin South-East constituencies consecutively.
		Irish Volunteers and Sinn Fein: material relating to Easter 1916 and MacEntee’s activities with the Louth Volunteers, his imprisonment and court martial; membership of Dáil Éireann, opposition to the Treaty and internment during the Civil War.
	www.ucd.ie /archives/html/homepage/collections/macentee-sean.htm (548 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		Religious freedom, outlawed in the 18th century, was restored in 1829, but this victory for the Irish Catholic majority was overshadowed by a severe economic depression and the great famine from 1846-48 when the potato crop failed.
		A significant Irish minority repudiated the treaty settlement because of the continuance of subordinate ties to the British monarch and the partition of the island.
		In 1932, Eamon de Valera, the political leader of the forces initially opposed to the treaty, became Prime Minister, and a new Irish constitution was enacted in 1937.
	www.traveldocs.com /ie/people.htm (930 words)

	Ireland - becoming a free state
		Suspension of the bill stimulated the growth of the Citizen Army, an illegal force of Dublin citizens organised by the labour leader Jim Larkin (died 1948) and the socialist James Connolly (1870-1916); of the Irish Volunteers, a national defence body; and of the extremist Sinn Féin.
		This party, founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, a Dublin journalist, campaigned in the parliamentary election of 1918 on a program that called for the severance of all ties with Great Britain, an end to the separatist movement in northern Ireland, and the establishment of an Irish republic.
		The new constitution, which abolished the Irish Free State and established Éire as a 'Sovereign independent democratic state,' was approved by the voters in a plebiscite conducted simultaneously with the election.
	www.iol.ie /~dluby/history.htm (2932 words)

	Taoiseach - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The office, whose title literally means The Leader (though translated in the constitution as 'prime minister') was created in Bunreacht na hÉireann, the Irish constitutution adopted in 1937 and drafted by Eamon de Valera.
		He heads a Fianna Fáil/Progressive Democrat coalition government, which was re-elected in the 2002 Irish general election.
		The Taoiseach under the 1937 Bunreacht na hÉireann possesses a much more powerful role than that of the President of the Executive Council.
	openproxy.ath.cx /ta/Taoiseach.html (773 words)

	Irish Echo Online - News
		The head of government (typically the prime minister, or in Ireland, the taoiseach) is elected by a majority of the lower house (in Ireland, the DÃ¡il).
		There were two more general elections in 1982 before a stable coalition government was formed.
		Unhappy with his 1937 general election mandate, he called another snap election in 1938.
	www.irishecho.com /newspaper/story.cfm?id=14796 (790 words)

	TDs
		A TD or Teachta Dála (pronounced 'chock-ta dawla') is the gaelic version for MP (Member of Parliament) used to describe members of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Irish Oireachtas (pronounced 'orr-och-tas').
		The term was first used to describe those Irish MPs elected in the 1918 general election from the island of Ireland who instead of attending the Westminister House of Commons, to which they had been elected, assembled instead in Dublin to create a new Irish parliament, Dáil Éireann.
		The initials TD have been used to refer to members of every Irish parliament since that First Dáil assembled in 1919.
	www.findword.org /td/tds.html (443 words)

	The Manifesto of Sinn Féin as prepared for circulation for the General Election of December, 1918
		Ireland is faced with the question whether this generation wills it that she is to march out into the full sunlight of freedom, or is to remain in the shadow of a base imperialism that has brought and ever will bring in its train naught but evil for our race.
		By the establishment of a constituent assembly comprising persons chosen by Irish constituencies as the supreme national authority to speak and act in the name of the Irish people, and to develop Ireland's social, political and industrial life, for the welfare of the whole people of Ireland.
		The present Irish members of the English Parliament constitute an obstacle to be removed from the path that leads to the Peace Conference.
	www.ucc.ie /celt/online/E900009.html (886 words)

	Electoral Reform Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The most striking aspect of the 1992 election was the success of the Labour Party with 19.3% of the vote and 33 seats.
		This was the first time in Irish political history that a party had left a governing coalition and gone into government with opposition parties without first holding an election.
		The 1997 General Election was not the most exciting election in Irish political history.
	www.electoral-reform.org.uk /publications/briefings/nireland.htm (1630 words)

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