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	History of Iceland Summary
		5 Iceland as a Norwegian and Danish vassal
		Iceland is, in geological terms, a young island.
		Iceland has adhered to a staunchly pro-U.S. foreign policy: Iceland lent nominal support to the NATO action in the Kosovo War and was part of the Coalition of the willing during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
	www.bookrags.com /History_of_Iceland (4249 words)

	Iceland Naturally Iceland Food and Tourism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the late tenth century Greenland was discovered and colonized by the Icelanders under the leadership of Erik the Red, and around the year 1000 the Icelanders were the first Europeans to set foot on the American continent, 500 years before Columbus, although their attempts to settle in the New World failed.
		Iceland was settled by Norsemen from Scandinavia and Celts from the British Isles.
		Both the language and culture of Iceland were purely Scandinavian from the outset, but there are traces of Celtic influence in some of the Eddaic poems, in personal and place names and in the appearance of present-day Icelanders who have a higher percentage of the dark and red hair than the other Nordic nations.
	www.icelandnaturally.com /abouticeland.shtml (3387 words)

	Iceland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The climate is relatively mild and humid (especially in the west and south), owing to the proximity of the North Atlantic Drift; however, N and E Iceland have a polar, tundralike climate.
		Irish monks visited it before the 9th cent., but abandoned it on the arrival (c.850–875) of Norse settlers, many of whom had fled from the domination of Harold I.
		Iceland was admitted to the United Nations in 1946; it joined in the Marshall Plan and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ic/Iceland.html (1601 words)

	Iceland - Simple English Wikipedia
		Iceland is 300 kilometers east of Greenland and 1000 kilometers west of Norway.
		In 1918 Iceland got many powers of its own, but the king of Denmark was still king of Iceland.
		Between 1958 and 1976 there were a three wars between Iceland and the United Kindom about the rights to fish on codfish.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iceland (564 words)

	a brief history of iceland
		Iceland was in fact the last European country to be settled, having no native population prior to the arrival of the Irish monks and the Norsemen.
		Icelanders had been emigrating west to North America since 1855, but the first organized journey was undertaken in 1873 when a large group sailed from the northern city of Akureyri.
		Iceland was released from direct Danish rule, making it an independent entity within the Kingdom of Denmark, with Copenhagen retaining responsibility for defence and foreign affairs.
	rhodesian.server101.com /a_brief_history_of_iceland.htm (1477 words)

	South Iceland - Iceland history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The first geography document that describes the Northern seas was written by an Irish monk, named Dicuil, early in the 9th century.
		The Irish monks left Iceland soon after the Vikings started their own settlement in Iceland around the year 900 it seems, but if they stayed they were totally ignored and without influence.
		The Viking settlement of Iceland was largely due to internal struggle in Norway between the barbarian king Harald the Fairhaired and the former rulers.
	www.south.is /history.html (536 words)

	IPI - General Information - Key Facts about Iceland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Republic of Iceland (in Icelandic, Lýðveldið Ísland).
		Iceland comprises of one large island and numerous smaller ones, and is situated near the Arctic Circle.
		Iceland is sometimes called the “land of ice and fire” for the striking contrasts in its landscapes, where grand glaciers and magnificent fjords coexist with over 200 volcanoes, many of which are still active today.
	www.icelandtourist.is /general/general_020.htm (415 words)

	Iceland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Iceland is the least populated country in Europe (seventh in the world).
		Iceland’s major resources are essentially renewable: fish from some of the best fishing grounds in the world, and non-polluting hydro and geothermal power.
		Iceland is a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations and its agencies, the European Economic Area, NATO, the Council of Europe, OECD, EFTA, WTO and the Nordic Council.
	www.reykjavikresources.com /displayer.asp?cat_id=109 (1608 words)

	Vinland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was merely an extension of their homeland and notions as to a different world only surfaced upon meeting the natives, noticeably different from Irish monks in Iceland.
		Disagreements among the men about the few women that followed on the trip, and fighting with the skrælingjar (Native Americans) already living on the land, are both indicated in the written sources.
		The story tells that after the settlement of Greenland by the Vikings, a merchant by the name of Bjarni Herjólfsson, who was on his way to Iceland from Greenland, strayed off course due to a storm and thus accidentally discovered the east coast of America in 985 or 986.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vinland (1563 words)

	IceSettlement
		Icelanders kept their family ties with Norway, and any young man of means would go viking, which could mean journeying as far as Constantinople.
		Thus Icelanders were familiar with the outside world, but were sufficiently isolated to maintain some of the old traditions.
		(Icelandic law simply required that a Christian chapel be built out of sight of travellers on established roadways.) In the year 1000 the entire country officially converted, but the old traditions persisted, assisted in part by isolation from dogmatic church officials on the continent.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/jmstitt/Eng480/icesettle.html (437 words)

	Iceland Vacation travel Iceland tours hotels
		Iceland is an island of 39,756 square miles, about the size of Virginia, with an average height of 500m above sea level.
		The first people known to have inhabited Iceland were Irish monks or hermits who came in the eighth century, but left with the arrival of the pagan Norsemen, who systematically settled Iceland in the period 870 - 930 A.D. Iceland was thus the last European country to be settled.
		In the late tenth century Greenland was discovered and colonized by Icelanders under the leadership of Eirik the Red, and around the year 1000 Icelanders were the first Europeans to set foot on the American continent, 500 years before Columbus, although their attempts to settle in the New World failed.
	www.scantours.com /Iceland_Vacation.htm (1006 words)

	Iceland
		The first certain discoverers of Iceland were Irish monks who, in the style of St. Brendan, tested their faith by undertaking perilous ocean voyages.
		To survive, Icelanders began a covert Cod trade with Britain, only to have the British decide it would be easier to fish Icelandic waters themselves - an act that led to war between England and Denmark in 1469.
		The Republic of Iceland is established at Thingvellir, following a referendum in which 97% of the population voted in favor of cutting ties with the Danish Crown.
	www.roadiceland.com /Iceland.htm (1618 words)

	ab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Iceland was the last country to be settled in Europe.
		After the Norse settlement began, the Irish monks either went away because they would not live with the heathens, or were driven away from their lands by the new settlers.
		The reason for why Iceland is such a volcanic country is because the country is located directly on top of an active volcanic belt which stretches from the southwest tip of Iceland to the northeast tip.
	www.hi.is /~kbv/ab.html (1084 words)

	Iceland
		The national anthem of Iceland was originally composed in 1874 for the millenium celebration of the settlement of Iceland.
		Icelanders also have a fondness for the epic tales of explorers who began their journeys from this country's shores in the 10th century.
		Iceland is one of the largest islands in the North Atlantic, lies between latitude 63°24´N and 66°33´N and between longitude 13°30´W and 24°32´W. Iceland has a total area of 103.000 sq km, or 39.756 sq.
	www.cdli.ca /CITE/iceland.htm (904 words)

	General Information about Iceland - Quick tour around Iceland, start your trip to Iceland here.
		Iceland was settled by a mixed stock of Norsemen from Scandinavia and Celts from the British Isles.
		Icelandic is the national language and is believed to have changed very little from the original tongue spoken by the Norse settlers, but English and Danish are widely spoken.
		When Iceland was first settled in the 9th century it was said to have been covered with trees from the shores to the mountain tops.
	www.randburg.com /is/general (906 words)

	Timeline of the Faroe Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is suggested, that they came from the Faroes after banished by the vikings.
		Diucil refers to it 825, but maybe some of the monks stayed in the Faroes.
		Historians believe, this saved the two countries from losing their languages, as it happened with the Norn in Shetland and the Orkneys.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_the_Faroe_Islands (871 words)

	Iceland Colonization
		Iceland is not as far north as some other Scandinavian countries - in fact, it barely touches the Arctic Circle - but separated from the continent by the cold and stormy Norwegian Sea, it was the last European country to be settled.
		Some early documents say that Irish monks settled there as early as the 8th century, but left upon the arrival of the pagan Norsemen.
		An entry from the "Icelandic Annals" of 1348 chronicled the deaths of 100,000 in Britain from the plague, and later, an entry indicated that nine English sailors had succumbed to the plague.
	www.athropolis.com /arctic-facts/fact-iceland-norse.htm (308 words)

	iceland facts
		Although Iceland is a very small country it is participating in many kinds of sport competitions around the world and its soccer team for example is able to keep pace with the competition of world's top teams.
		Icelandic surnames are composed from the forename of their father (rarely from the mother) and plus the Icelandic word for son "son" or daughter "dóttir).
		Icelanders are addressed by their forename and are listed by their forename in the telephone directory.
	home.freiepresse.de /uwdel/icelandculture.html (1186 words)

	Is there any tangible proof that there were Irish monks in Iceland before the time of the Viking settlements?
		Icelandic written sources cannot, therefore, be taken as proof positive of the existence of Papar in Iceland.
		In a geographical work written in Latin by an Irish monk called Dicuil early in the 9th century, there is an account of the wanderings of holy men in lands to the north and of their time spent in these places.
		A number of placenames in Iceland appear to refer to Papar, and as a result it has often been claimed, for example, that there was a settlement of Irish monks on the island of Papey off the S.E. coast.
	visindavefur.hi.is /svar.asp?id=4802 (820 words)

	VOYAGES - Arctic Expedition Cruises to the remote shores of Iceland!
		The monks were followed by permanent settlers from Norway; one early source states that the first settlers were Ingolfr Arnarson and his wife, Hallveig Frodadottir, who came to Iceland from Norway in 874, staked their homestead in the southwest, and called it Reykjavik.
		Iceland was not immune to the infamous plague that hit Europe; the Black Death struck twice in the 15th century, killing off nearly half of the population.
		Iceland is a land of fire and ice: ten percent of the landscape is covered by cooled lava, while another ten percent is covered by glacial ice.
	www.alvoyages.com /articles/arctic/iceland.html (3381 words)

	Iceland: Milestones in Icelandic History
		Iceland´s history dates back to the first Icelandic settler, Ingolfur Arnarson who settled in Reykjavik in 874 AD.
		Icelanders became a subjected people dependent on Norwegian ships for supplies, which often failed to come.
		Denmark seriously contemplated relocating the remaining population of Iceland in the moors of Jutland in Denmark.
	iceland.vefur.is /Iceland_history/history.htm (1556 words)

	Iceland - Japan
		But on that time the Icelandic government needed executive power and for three centuries the Icelandic government was weak, no king ruled the country, and no power existed to keep the peace, no army or police to protect the law in the country.
		No author of an Icelandic saga is identified by name, but scholars have attempted to find some of the authors among the chieftains of the 13th century.
		The church was the most powerful institution in Iceland and it used it's powers to get the nation to witch hunt, which led 25 innocent people to be burned at the stake in Iceland.
	www.verslo.is /erlend_samskipti/japan/history.html (880 words)

	FACT SHEET: Iceland at a Glance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Iceland's first inhabitants were Irish monks, who regarded the island as a sort of hermitage until the early ninth century.
		Iceland is a strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe.
		Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe, with an average of about three inhabitants per square kilometer.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /deploy/info/west_europe/iceland/index.shtml (613 words)

	Irish monks and the Voyage of St. Brendan: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		Irish monks and the Voyage of St. Brendan: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		The Norse sagas suggest that Irish monks were even in Iceland when the Norse settled there after about 870 CE (though no archaeological evidence has yet confirmed this).
		If Irish monks did voyage across the Atlantic and back, then their achievement was historically very significant, for Ireland was the target of Viking raids before the end of the eighth century, and it is perhaps through the Irish that the Norsemen learned about other lands further to the west.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /exploration/brendan.html (338 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Iceland
		The first inhabitants of Iceland were Irish monks who arrived sometime before the beginning of the ninth century but abandoned their small colony upon the advent of Norse settlers around 850.
		Irish and Scottish slaves were among the population of these new settlements.
		When Samtökin '78 pressed in 1985 for a parliamentary motion in the Althing protesting discrimination against gay men and lesbians, the measure failed to pass "due to the non-importance of the matter." Seven years later, however, a similar motion was put forward and passed by a unanimous vote.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/iceland.html (806 words)

	Hiking Iceland - Fjallabak
		Iceland is a fascinating country of rare and wild beauty.
		While all this volcanic activity has caused the interior of Iceland to remain largely uninhabitable, the country and landscape possess a rare and wild beauty; the land itself feeling almost alive, as though it is still in the process of forming, primal.
		It was settled in the 800's by the Norse and a scattering of Irish monks.
	www.distantjourneys.com /travel-iceland/iceland-trips.html (1268 words)

	History
		In the year 1000 Christianity was peacefully adopted by the Icelanders at the Althingi, which met for two weeks every summer, attracting a large proportion of the population.
		The first bishopric was established at Skalholt in South Iceland in 1056, and a second at Holar in the north in 1106.
		In the late tenth century Greenland was discovered and colonized by the Icelanders under the leadership of Erik the Red, and around the year 1000 the Icelanders were the first Europeans to set foot on the American continent, 500 years before Columbus, although their attempts to settle in the New World failed.
	burns.dcb.du.edu /oldFiles/history.asp?id=33 (648 words)

	Iceland Vacation Iceland Travel Tours
		The freedom to roam in the city or the wilds as you please, explore and have fun — this is the key to the Iceland experience.
		In 1262-64 internal feuds, amounting to a civil war, led to submission to the King of Norway and a new monarchial code in 1271.
		As a consequence of the plight of the populace the trade monopoly was modified in 1783 and all subjects of the Danish king given the right to trade in Iceland.
	www.scantours.com /iceland_a_brief_history.htm (1047 words)

	History of Iceland
		The judicial power of Alþingi was distributed between four local courts and a type of a Supreme Court held annually at the national assembly at Þingvellir.
		In 1874, when Iceland celebrated the millenium of the first settlement, it received a constitution from the Danish king and control of its own finances.
		In 1904 Iceland received home rule and finally in 1918 sovereignty, but was united with Denmark under the Danish crown.
	www.66north.com /discover-66north-in-iceland/history (600 words)

	Iceland Sagas
		Icelanders have always considered sagas to be the most reliable source of information about their history.
		One class of sagas, known as the Saga of the Icelanders, tells almost exclusively about the earliest settlers in Iceland, from the time A.D. 870 until the conversion to Christianity in A.D. According to the sagas, most settlers were established families who left Norway rather than submit to the growing power of the king.
		As a literary form, the sagas have their closest parallels to Irish literature, indicating that the impetus for writing sagas may have been inspired by Celtic traditions.
	www.mnh.si.edu /vikings/voyage/subset/iceland/sagas.html (489 words)

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