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Topic: Irish nobility

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	RMIWA Home Page
		The Irish Wolfhound is a rough-coated Greyhound-like breed.
		The ancient Irish nobility used the Irish Wolfhound for hunting wolves and Irish elk.
		While the Irish Wolfhound should be a strong and swift hound, he must also be gentle, loving and patient with family members and friends.
	www.rmiwa.org (425 words)

	GAELIC IRISH HERALDRY and HERALDIC PRACTICE
		The concept that nobility could be acquired from an office in Dublin by petitioning for the right to paint a geometric or natural device on a wooden, leather, or metal shield would have appeared shockingly perverse to an aristocracy that regarded pedigree alone as the determinant of social status.
		This is because the Irish nobility was a warrior aristocracy.
		In Gaelic Irish custom, the chieftainship would not necessarily pass to the eldest son in primogeniture, but to the most qualified family member, who might be a younger son, a brother, a cousin, etc., of the same name.
	www.araltas.com /info/article03.html (5623 words)

	Na Degad - Medieval Ireland Home Page
		Irish society was to receive a shock however as the Norman invasion in 1169 spearheaded by several Cambro-Barons were to show a means of warfare that were ideally suited for conquest.
		Any time the Irish were to try and fight the Normans in a pitched battle the superior Norman cavalry who were among the best in Europe and the lethal Welsh Bowmen were able to deliver such a crushing defeat that Irish armies soon avoided open battle.
		These Irish lords ruled territories that were far larger then the original pre-Norman kingdoms and had become so powerful that they were recognised as Irish Lords and princes from the point of view of England.
	www.geocities.com /na_degadmedieval_ireland (1949 words)

	: the Black Irish Myth : : (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Yet it seems that the legend of the Hispanic Irish, told by the 'Blacks' and white Irish alike, transmits with it an inherent quality that the alleged descendants are proud to mention.
		This juxtaposition of two distinct Irish attitudes towards the Spanish survivors of the Armada is taken directly from the literature that describes the events.
		This was the hejira of the Irish nobility -- the earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel, along with a hundred northern chieftains -- to the mainland of Europe, taking up military service under the Spanish as did the Wild Geese or settling down to live the life-in-exile, mainly in Cataluña of NE Spain.
	www.darkfiber.com /blackirish (7452 words)

	The O'Brien Clan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The first written English accounts of Irish knights and nobles are recorded at hostings after the arrival of Henry II in the late 1100s to check the power of Strongbow in Ireland.
		However, at least from the 10th to the 17th century, Irish royalty and nobility continually raised men to the rank of knight, gave them land in return for military service, and provided for them all the privileges the the rank of knight authorized.
		Lastly, in what may be the clearest identification of the existence of a Gaelic noble class, we use a source written during the "Nine Years War" (1594-1603) prior to the collapse of the Gaelic system and the departure of its leadership for the Continent.
	www.obrienclan.com /dalcassiansept-com/article-two.htm (3644 words)

	Irish American Tail Waggers - The Irish Wolfhound - Dogs
		Irish Wolfhounds are a living symbols of Irish culture and the Celtic past.
		According to Irish lore and legend, ancestors of the Irish Wolfhound were guardians and companions of ancient Irish kings and valued by Celtic chieftains as dogs of war.
		Wolves and elk disappeared from Ireland and by the late 1700's the Irish Stag was hunted to extinction.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art8727.asp (1076 words)

	The Society of the Irish Brigade - History of the Society of the Irish Brigade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		William very cynically signed a treaty at Limerick with the Irish which he broke as soon as it was signed by instituting a series of anti-Catholic measures which dispossessed the Irish nobility, robbing them of the right to land, education, property, livestock and weapons, and forcing them in to exile.
		The 5th Royal Irish Lancers were raised in 1689 fought at the Battle of the Boyne and as Ross's Horse were sent to the Netherlands were disbanded in 1799 having being infiltrated by the United Irishmen.
		The Irish Brigade won its greatest victory on 11th May 1745, when they swept the Saxon from the field at bayonet point, with the Gaelic battle cry "Remember Limerick and Saxon Faith (betrayal)." Volunteers from the Brigade were with Bonnie Prince Charlie in Scotland for the 1745 rebellion.
	home.earthlink.net /~rggsibiba/html/sib/sib2.html (3873 words)

	O'Brien Family Crest
		Heraldry was brought to Ireland with the Anglo-Normans in 1169 A.D. The Irish nobility began adopting this type of heraldry during the next couple of centuries.
		One's personal arms can reflect the clan arms or be totally different, which is unlike Scotland, where if one has a surname of one of the Scottish clans or families, their arms are based upon those of the chief, keeping the clan or family in order.
		One of the unique aspects to Irish heraldry is that the Gaelic symbols are also literary, symbols which recall to the viewer Irish mythology and the Emerald Isle's ancient history.
	www.mobrien.com /obrien.html (1615 words)

	The Irish Ancestral Research Association (TIARA) - Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Irish Material at the Newberry Library in Chicago
		Irish Maps of the 17th, 18th, and 19th Century
		Academy for Irish Cultural Heritages at University of Ulster
	tiara.ie /links.html (385 words)

	British Isles, 1400-1600 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		During the reign of his son Henry VI (1422–61; 1470–71), however, the English are expelled from France with the help of Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl, and political turmoil erupts at home when the king's frequent illnesses place England in the hands of a Protector, Richard, duke of York.
		By the end of the fifteenth century, civil war between the Yorkists and Lancastrians seriously undermines the power of the monarchy and leaves the nobility fractured and vulnerable to the prevailing Tudor family.
		Irish civil wars continue to rage, however, and culminate at the turn of the seventeenth century.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/ht/08/euwb/ht08euwb.htm (1551 words)

	Irish Coinage of Edward IV Part I (1460 to 1470)
		Introduction to the Irish Coinage of Edward IV As can be seen by the preceding sections the Irish economy had been subject to significant export of silver as a result of the English crown striking Irish silver into coins which could circulate freely in England.
		The explanation for the different weight standards appears to be that Germyn Lynch was wise to an opportunity and he appears to have found favour amongst the Irish nobility for redefining the Irish coinage in terms of the Tower Ounce of 450 grains instead of the Troy ounce of 480 grains.
		The production of official Irish coins which were very difficult to distinguish from English ones, but which were struck at 41 grains to the groat instead of the English standard of 48 grains, meant that Irish coins began to circulate at par in England despite their low weight.
	www.irishcoinage.com /EDW41.HTM (1338 words)

	Ireland's OWN: Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The earliest Irish images of a triangular harp do not appear until later: in metal, on an 11th century reliquary, and in stone in the 12th century.
		Although some of the old tunes were popular enough to make their way into manuscripts for lute and other stringed instruments, there was no organized attempt at this time to collect them, and most of the music was forgotten.
		With the Anglicisation of the Irish nobility, the traditional harpers more and more were reduced to itinerant musicians traveling the countryside.
	irelandsown.net /harp.html (910 words)

	Carol Thompson: The Enchanted Isles - PopMatters Music Review
		The power and beauty of traditional Irish music lies "in the tune itself", and the pure melody is brought to life through the skill and soul of the performer.
		With the Anglicization of the Irish nobility, the traditional harpers were cast off and the once noble harpers were reduced to the lot of itinerant musicians traveling the countryside.
		Often called the last of the Irish bards, Turlough Carolan (1670-1738) as a mere boy was flattened to the ground by a dark, malignant wind that blew west across the Irish Sea from England during the 1680s.
	www.popmatters.com /music/reviews/t/thompsoncarol-enchanted.shtml (1324 words)

	Irish Genealogy Bridge for researching Irish Ancestry
		Welcome to our Irish Links page for those who are looking for a clue as to where their ancestors originated!
		The BritishIslesGenWeb Project is an on-line data repository for queries, family histories, and source records as well as being resource center to identify other on-line databases and resources to assist researchers..
		A quarterly journal focusing on sources and strategies for Irish and Irish immigrant genealogical research.
	www.geocities.com /SiliconValley/Haven/1538/irish.html (758 words)

	Heraldry Article
		Before the seventeenth century, nobility in Gaelic Ireland was defined in genealogical rather than heraldic terms.
		The majority of the Gaelic Irish nobility did not become anglicized until the collapse of the Gaelic society in the 1600s.
		Only in the eighteenth century, after the Cromwellian and Williamite conquests and confiscations had destroyed the Gaelic Irish and Old English nobility and replaced it with a Protestant ascendancy, was the Ulster Office able to firmly control heraldic matters.
	www.ogallchobhair.org /heraldry/gaelic_heraldry2.htm (3111 words)

	Morgan Llwelyn
		It's main character is Cú Chulainn, the Hound of Ulster and features a fascinating portrayal of the Morrigan, one of the Irish goddesses of battle and death who sometimes appeared in the form of a raven.
		Although Elizabeth I is one of my favorite historical figures, the Irish side of me has a hard time reconciling her treatment of Ireland, which was the beginnings of the modern troubles in Ireland.
		This book takes place in that time period, when the Irish nobility were being driven out so that their lands and control of Ireland could be given to Englishmen and those loyal to the English.
	www.geekbabe.com /ciarrai/Library/irish.html (824 words)

	The Brehon Law Project: Law Links
		The basic elements of ancient Irish dress for people in the upper classes were the léine and the brat.
		The Royal Irish Academy The Royal Irish Academy is the principal learned society in Ireland (I quote), founded in 1785 as a society for "promoting the study of science, polite literature and antiquities".
		Today, the Academy is at the centre of Irish educational life and, particularly through its National Committees, Research Projects, Library and Publications, it helps to coordinate scholarship on a cross-institutional, inter-disciplinary, national and international basis.
	ua_tuathal.tripod.com /brehonlinks.html (1208 words)

	Jordan coat of arms
		Jordan De Courcy, who in 1197 was killed by an Irish retainer in Ulster, left three sons, two of whom were slain in Downpatrick churchyard, in 1203, while defending their uncle, Sir John De Courcy, against the attack of De Lacy's followers.
		This Jordan De Exeter caused the Irish King Torlogh O'Connor to retreat from Carra in that year "as he had not equal forces to meet them." In 1249, Jordan (or Siurtan), lord of Athleathan, was sheriff of Connaught: and commanded the Anglo-Norman forces at Athenry.
		Jordan De Courcy, who in 1197 was killed by an Irish retainer in Ulster, leaving three sons, two of whom were slain in Downpatrick churchyard, in 1203, while defending their uncle, Sir John De Courcy, against the attack of De Lacy's followers.
	www.araltas.com /features/jordan (4434 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		From 1943 until 2003 some of the modern representatives of the Gaelic nobility obtained official recognition as Chiefs of the Name from the Irish government.
		During the 1990s this process was subverted, causing the government to abandon the practice and withdraw recognition in 2003.
		Henry,Lord Mountcharles --son of the 7th Marquess Conyngham, rock impressario and unsuccessful Dáil candidate for Fine Gael in the 1992 Irish general election.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Irish_nobility (573 words)

	Earl of Clonard History and Genealogy, Welcome to our site Sutton-Dudley Irish Branch called de Clonard, Main Index ...
		lonard (Irish, Cluain Eraird, or Cluain Iraird, Erard's Meadow) was situated on the beautiful river Boyne, just beside the boundary line of the northern and southern halves of Ireland.
		With the transference by the Norman Bishop de Rochfort, in 1206, of the See of Meath from Clonard to Trim, the glory of the former place departed forever.
		After the dissolution of the monasteries by order of Henry VIII, the lands of the Clergy were confiscated, passing to be the property of Sir Thomas Cusack, Chancellor of Ireland and whose daughter Elizabeth was married to John de Sutton, Count of Clonard.
	www.suttonclonard.com (794 words)

	GradeSaver: ClassicNote: Biography of James Joyce
		James' father, John Joyce, was a fierce Irish Catholic patriot and his political and religious influences are most evident in Joyce's two key works A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses.
		As a result of their steadily diminishing wealth and income, the Joyce family was repeatedly forced to move to more modest residences and John Joyce's habitual unemployment as well as his drinking and spending habits, made it difficult for the Joyces to retain their previous social standing.
		Thematically similar to Joyce's previous works, Ulysses examines the relationship between the modern man and his myth and history, focusing on contemporary questions of Irish political and cultural independence, the effects of organized religion on the soul, and the cultural and moral decay produced economic development and heightened urbanization.
	www.gradesaver.com /ClassicNotes/Authors/about_james_joyce.html (949 words)

	Echna's Celtic Clothing Page
		As a bit of general discourse about the general clothing of the Irish, British, and Continental Celts, I personally find it very ironic that the early Celts were seen as "barbaric" by the established European cultural center (Rome and the Romans) because the men wore pants rather than loose tunics.
		There was a limited amount of trade between the Irish and Norse before the invasion(s), but, Norse clothing influences were not widespread through Ireland before that time (unlike a few centuries later).
		Apparently the Irish weren't too concerned about their British cousins being invaded, because there was lively trade between the Irish and the Anglo-Saxons.
	www.celticgarb.org /clothing/main.html (1112 words)

	Irish Wolfhound
		Irish Wolfhounds are dogs of great size and commanding appearance.
		Dedicated efforts to resurrect the breed began in 1862 and the current standard was drafted in 1885.
		For American Kennel Club Irish Wolfhound information click here.
	www.mahahounds.org /irishwolfhound.htm (219 words)

	A Glossary of European Noble, Princely, Royal and Imperial Titles
		Added to this, there was the concept of nobilis; to be noble meant you were descended from someone who had been Consul; being a patrician was necessary to become Consul (though you could buy your way in), but to be noble was ineffably grander, at least to the Roman way of thinking.
		The Germans tend to regard certain of what the British regard as gentry as noble, and at the highest levels, what the British define as noble resembles what the Germans regard as "princely" and in general, continental systems as a whole tend to have a broader definition of "noble".
		There are some titles in the United Kingdom (e.g., the Irish peerage, when the peer lacks another English, Scots or UK title) which do not permit one to sit in the House of Lords; thus, in Scotland, the distinction of a "Lord of Parliament".
	www.heraldica.org /topics/odegard/titlefaq.htm (7119 words)

	Views Of Galway city Ireland Pictures of galway
		However, their is evidence that the two races of Irish and early Colonial English (or Old English, as they are known) were intermingling.
		The annals of Galway shows the use of Irish names for locations within Galway, and Irish nicknames for some of the town's wealthy merchants, such as Sean a' tSalainn (or John of the Salt) for John Kirwan.
		The Irish were finally defeated at the decisive Battle of Aughrim (only 30 miles from the city) and again Galway was besieged.
	www.irishholidays.com /ggshort.htm (2924 words)

	Irish Links & Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Irish historical, genealogical, sept, family and place-name hand-drawn map.
		The Loughs and Inlets of Ireland - a topographical map.
		Irish Counties, major cities and roads - a relief map.
	www.fortunecity.com /bally/carlow/211/newpage15.htm (169 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Thomas Fleming
		Later on, when the general assembly was convoked at Kilkenny for October, the archbishop resolved to attend personally and take part in the deliberations.
		As might be expected from his antecedents, and especially from his connection with the Anglo-Irish nobility of the Pale, he was opposed to the "thorough" policy of the Old Irish, and wished for peace at all costs.
		In 1649, when all was lost, and the defeated Irish were confronted with Cromwell, a reconciliation was effected with Ormond at a synod of bishops, a step which Archbishop Fleming favoured.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06101b.htm (398 words)

	Celtic & Irish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Over the years many monks must have been employed copying the text in calligraphic Irish hand and in a compressed script for the passages to the Gospels.
		There is also an Irish Sports Page with up to date details on soccer, rugby, boxing, gaelic football, hurling and other sport.
		Learn the meaning, usage and history of 365 Irish words, or view a graphical timeline that charts the language's development.
	www.wildmind.net /~info/celtic.htm (782 words)

	Irish Genealogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		TIARA is a nonprofit organization established to develop and promote the growth, study and exchange of ideas among people and organizations interested in Irish genealogical and historical research and education.
		Welcome to the Irish Family History Foundation's presence on the Internet - your gateway to discovering all about your Irish ancestry, roots, genealogy and family history from anywhere in Ireland.
		The Irish Genealogical Society, Int'l (IGSI), is a non-profit organization dedicated to the study and advancement of genealogy in Ireland, North and South, and around the world.
	clan-maccallum-malcolm.3acres.org /IrishGenealogy.html (515 words)

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