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| | AUFBAU1 [METALS: EXTRACTION of IRON] |
 | | Furthermore, iron and many of its compounds show catalytic activity (e.g., iron powder is used in the Haber synthesis of ammonia, and several iron-containing enzymes are involved in nitrogen-fixation, in photosynthesis, and in respiration). |
 | | And so, when iron (or steel) is likely to rust, it is: painted, coated with plastic, or plated with another metal, all of which provide a physical barrier; or attached to a more reactive metal, which acts as a 'sacrificial anode'. |
 | | Galvanization protects iron from rusting, as follows: the layer acts as a physical barrier to dioxygen and water; and then the zinc acts as a sacrificial anode when this layer is breached. |
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