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	Definition of irony - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "irony" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "irony" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "irony" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=irony (34 words)

	The final irony \| Weekend \| Guardian Unlimited
		Irony is a state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often amusing as a result.
		Irony is used as a synonym for cool, for cynicism, for detachment, for intelligence; it's cited as the end of civilisation, as well as its salvation.
		The sixth is that irony and cynicism are interchangeable.
	www.guardian.co.uk /weekend/story/0,3605,985375,00.html (2574 words)

	Irony - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Irony is a form of utterance that postulates a double audience, consisting of one party that hearing shall hear and shall not understand, and another party that, when more is meant than meets the ear, is aware, both of that “more” and of the outsider’s incomprehension.
		The expression “irony of fate” stems from the notion that the gods (or the Fates) are amusing themselves by toying with the minds of mortals, with deliberate ironic intent.
		Irony entails endless reflection and violent reversals, and insures incomprehensibility at the moment it compels speech.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irony (3724 words)

	Irony - Encyclopedia Dramatica
		The fourth definition of irony is perhaps the most complex, and is frequently used by emo kids, though often they are not aware of this fact.
		Irony has existed for at least a hundred years, but only came to be understood in its coincidental and hipster forms during the '90s.
		Following 9/11, irony was declared "dead," the argument being that it was no longer funny to point out the irony of a situation (i.e., an occurrence which is unexpected given the circumstances).
	www.encyclopediadramatica.com /index.php/Irony (770 words)

	White, 'Introduction: Irony and Clerisy' - Irony and Clerisy - Romantic Circles Praxis Series, Romantic Circles
		Irony's provenance as a rhetorical term dates back to antiquity, but its usage receives a new birth through the theorizing of Friedrich Schlegel, emerging in his writing as something rather different than the "merely" rhetorical strategy through which one says one thing and means another.
		Irony is the impossibility of arriving at the end of this process—i.e.
		Nevertheless, for most contemporary readers, irony names an interruption of the authority laid claim to by secular and not so secular clerics whose vocation is to guarantee the continuity of culture in the face of the most enormous (or, as one might also translate ungeheuerste, the most monstrous) of revolutions.
	www.rc.umd.edu /praxis/irony/white/ironyintro.html (2534 words)

	Irony, Nostalgia, and the Postmodern, by Linda Hutcheon
		Irony, Nostalgia, and the Postmodern, by Linda Hutcheon
		Irony is not something in an object that you either "get" or fail to "get": irony "happens" for you (or, better, you make it "happen") when two meanings, one said and the other unsaid, come together, usually with a certain critical edge.
		Given irony's conjunction of the said and the unsaid--in other words, its inability to free itself from the discourse it contests--there is no way for these cultural modes to escape a certain complicity, to separate themselves artificially from the culture of which they are a part.
	www.library.utoronto.ca /utel/criticism/hutchinp.html (6684 words)

	Irony in Modern American Religion
		The irony of ironists, observed and dissected by ironologists, literary irony is “a figure of speech,”; defined as one “in which the intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used; usually taking the form of sarcasm or ridicule in which laudatory expressions are used to imply condemnation or contempt.”
		The knowledge of [irony] depends upon an observer who is not so hostile to the victim of irony as to deny the element of virtue which must constitute a part of the ironic situation; nor yet so sympathetic as to discount the weakness, the vanity and pretension which constitutes another element.
		As a consequence, Hayden White's contention that “irony tends to dissolve all belief in the possibility of positive political actions” because it a tends to a view of “the essential folly or absurdity of the human condition” (434) can be countered.
	www.illuminos.com /mem/selectPapers/ironyFigLit.html (3567 words)

	D. Anthony Storm's Commentary On Kierkegaard - The Concept of Irony
		That irony and dialectic are the two great forces in Plato everyone will surely admit, but that there is a double kind of dialectic cannot be denied, either.
		In irony, the subject is negatively free, since the actuality that is supposed to give the subject content is not there.
		According to Hegel, irony was a defect, and thus beneath the dignity of Socrates (Plato).
	sorenkierkegaard.org /kw2a.htm (1852 words)

	A Study of Irony in Christy
		Dramatic irony is when the audience knows something about a situation of which a character is ignorant that makes their actions/words inappropriate to the actual circumstances.
		Situational irony is when there is a discrepancy between the expected results and the actual results, or simply put the difference in what we think will occur in a situation and what actually does occur.
		Another use of dramatic irony is in The Road Home when we know Margaret MacNeill is at the cabin trying to convince her husband to take her back and meanwhile Christy has just discovered she is in love with MacNeill and hurries to his cabin at the same moment to see him.
	www.neilandchristy.com /irony.html (1178 words)

	Irony - StoneHome
		Irony is the use of words in a way to conceal true intention with literal intention.
		Irony is believed to have been imported to English from the Latin ironia in 1502, in turn from the Greek eironeia, a conjugation of eiron - to dissemble, such as lying by omission or by concealment of true intent.
		Irony has nothing to do with something coming back to haunt one; it's about doubletalk, two-faced speech and the sly underpinnings of sarcasm and trickery through misphrased honesty.
	sc.tri-bit.com /Irony (1233 words)

	The UVic Writer's Guide: Irony
		Dramatic Irony is a situation in which the reader or audience knows more about the immediate circumstances or future events of a story than a character within it; thus the audience is able to see a discrepancy between characters' perceptions and the reality they face.
		Dramatic irony can produce comic effects when the ignorance of characters merely makes them appear ridiculous, or when the unintended results of their actions are humorous.
		Structural irony occurs when a double level of meaning is continued throughout a work by means of some inherent feature such as a hero, narrator, or persona who is either naive or fallible (a participant in the story whose judgment is impaired by prejudice, personal interests or limited knowledge).
	web.uvic.ca /wguide/Pages/LTIrony.html (498 words)

	Irony - LoveToKnow 1911
		The word is frequently used figuratively, especially in such phrases as "the irony of fate," of an issue or result that seems to contradict the previous state or condition.
		In tragedy, what is called "tragic irony" is a device for heightening the intensity of a dramatic situation.
		It may take several forms; the character speaking may be con scious of the irony of his words while the rest of the actors may not, or he may be unconscious and the actors share the knowledge with the spectators, or the spectators may alone realize irony.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Irony (293 words)

	Self-irony - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The procedure uses the language device of irony, by concealing the real meaning of the point made, by expressing a contradictious meaning.
		By self-ridiculing oneself by the use of irony, a person can humble her/himself, but still not to the level of self-humiliation.
		Jean Baudrillard uses irony, and in fact a substantive amount of self-irony, in his trilogy "The Gulf War will never take place"(Baudrillard, Jean : Selected Writings, Stanford University Press, 2001).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Self-irony (1044 words)

	Irony (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Irony results when there is a difference in point of view between a character and the narrator or reader.
		Dramatic irony occurs when the meaning intended by a character's words or actions is opposite of the true situation.
		When situational irony reaches this scale, it is often called cosmic irony or irony of fate.
	www.delmar.edu /engl/wrtctr/handouts/irony.htm (512 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": "Irony" by Norman D. Knox
		Also, two aspects of irony were implied by this definition: "to blame by praise" is satiric irony; "to praise by blame is comic irony, for undesirable characteristics attributed to a sympathetic victim draw the audience’s attention to his real virtues.
		Apart from Socrates, the rhetoricians thought of irony, in Quintilian’s terms, as either "trope," a brief figure of speech embedded in a straightforward context, or "schema," an entire speech or case presented in language and a tone of voice that conflict with the true situation.
		The comic irony of praise through blame, which had also originated in Socratic self-depreciation, remained a minor figure of speech until the early eighteenth century, when in England, at least, Swift, Pope, and their friends recognized it as a delightful mode in which to write letters and converse.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/ironydhi.html (4832 words)

	irony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		The essential feature of irony is the indirect presentation of a contradiction between an action or expression and the context in which it occurs.
		Satire usually implies the use of irony or sarcasm for censorious or critical purposes and is often directed at public figures or institutions, conventional behavior, political situations, etc.
		Jonathan Swift uses irony in “A Modest Proposal” when he suggests the eating of babies as a solution to overpopulation and starvation in Ireland.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/irony (693 words)

	ANIMAL FARM Guide: Literary Elements - Irony and Satire
		Irony results when there is a disjunction between what an audience would expect and what really happens.
		The conclusions we reach that the animals never quite get to--that the pigs are decadent, corrupt, and immoral--are all the more powerful because we arrive at them ourselves, without the narrator pointing these things out directly.
		The dramatic irony of Animal Farm achieves this aim indirectly.
	www.turnerlearning.com /tntlearning/animalfarm/afirony.html (328 words)

	Irony and Ignorance
		The irony is that pressure in one direction elicits pressure in the other; whenever one group of volunteers works toward change, another group often reacts to preserve tradition or advocate yet another alternative.
		In rhetoric, irony is simply that figure of speech in which the speaker's intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used.
		IRONY: a method of humorous or subtly sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning of the words is the direct opposite of their usual sense.
	www.geocities.com /eirig (14321 words)

	Salon Books \| "For Common Things" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Seinfeld is "irony incarnate," Purdy warns, and as Auden said of Yeats, Seinfeld has become his admirers.
		Irony is bad, Purdy explains, because "the point of irony is a quiet refusal to believe in the depth of relationships, the sincerity of motivation, or the truth of speech." Sounds pretty diabolical, this irony, which Purdy has a little trouble defining.
		destructive and what Kierkegaard worries about a lot is that irony has nothing to put in the place of what it has destroyed." It is no help to faith, and it's an impediment to empathy, as David Foster Wallace acknowledged in "Infinite Jest": "An ironist in a Boston AA meeting is a witch in church.
	www.salon.com /books/review/1999/09/07/purdy (960 words)

	IRONY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Irony is a literary device revealing a reality different from what appears to be true for either the author, character or reader.
		STRUCTURAL IRONY or DRAMATIC IRONY: involves the use of a naïve, unknowing, or deluded hero or an unreliable narrator whose view of the world differs widely from the true circumstances recognized by the author and readers.
		Irony can be traced through all periods of literature, from classical Greek and Roman epics and dramas to the good-humored and subtle irony of Chaucer to the 20th- century writer’s method for dealing with nihilism and despair, as in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot.
	www.calvertonschool.org /waldspurger/pages/irony.htm (334 words)

	Irony's Arrows/Eros
		True irony, then, is not arrogant; it is humble, Socratically, because it senses no superiority in one position over the others in the whole drama and because it is based in a sense of fundamental kinship with the enemy, since every protagonist needs an antagonist in order to play out his or her drama.
		So, "irony equals the transparent discrepancy between the literal statement and what is actually meant." (16) But, as Allemann said, the "discrepancy" is an "ironic field of tension or Spielraum, a "space with some play in it," and this space of tension has an antithetical structure." (17) One might say: it is dialectical.
		Irony is a way of not-saying, i.e., of not-I speaking or rather, irony is a way of understanding the not-saying, of understanding the not-I speaking it is a depth psychological trope in which, as Nietzsche and Deleuze have said, the depth is on the surface.
	web.syr.edu /~dlmiller/IronysArrows.htm (6120 words)

	virtuaLit: Elements of Poetry
		Part of what makes poetry interesting is its indirectness, its refusal to state something simply as "the way it is." Irony allows us to say something but to mean something else, whether we are being sarcastic, exaggerating, or understating.
		Irony is generally more restrained than sarcasm, even though the effect might be the same.
		The key to irony is often the tone, which is sometimes harder to detect in poetry than in speech.
	bcs.bedfordstmartins.com /virtualit/poetry/irony_def.html (201 words)

	► Irony: The definition of irony and/or ironic - A dictionary definition, a personal denotation and examples of ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		That's how something opposite plays a part in irony, but such contrast is not always a part of irony.
		An example of coincidence that is commonly confused with irony or being ironic includes the similarities between Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy.
		Further investigation revealed that the son [who turned out to be Ronald Opus] had become increasingly despondent over the failure of his attempt to engineer his mother's murder through his father's consistent use of a shotgun in anger to threaten his mother.
	webweevers.com /irony.htm (1612 words)

	irony
		irony, figure of speech in which what is stated is not what is meant.
		Perhaps the simplest form of irony is rhetorical irony, when, for effect, a speaker says the direct opposite of what she means.
		Dramatic irony occurs in a play when the audience knows facts of which the characters in the play are ignorant.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/ent/A0825510.html (240 words)

	Irony - Uncyclopedia
		Irony is caused in humans by hormones secreted by the pineal gland, but the gland can only make these hormones if it has a good supply of iron.
		Most of the iron in the world comes from the North American continent, and naturally it is in the United States that irony is best developed.
		In the United States of America the National Irony League (acronym: NAMBLA) is well known for televising over 6 pressing events per year.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Irony (504 words)

	dale lockwood - irony
		noun (pl. ironies) 1) A situation in which the actual outcome is the opposite or markedly different from the expected outcome.
		Irony 1 - I came across this pdf while looking up information on the web.
		Irony 2 - You cannot help but chuckle at this horoscope prediction I discovered at the James Randi Educational Foundation website.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~dale/irony (78 words)

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