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Topic: Iroquoian

	Iroquoian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Iroquoian family is composed of eleven languages.
		The Meherrin peoples may have spoken an Iroquoian language, but there is not enough data to determine this with certainty.
		Some linguists group the Iroquoian languages with the Siouan languages as the Macro-Siouan family, but this larger family is not recognized by a consensus of linguists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iroquoian (521 words)

	Iroquoian Languages
		The Iroquoian languages were originally spoken over a very large expanse of territory, including much of the southern Canada (Ontario and Quebec), particularly along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, through large portions of the Mid-Atlantic states, and down into the Carolinas.
		All of the Iroquoian languages today are endangered, to one degree or another, and two of the ten languages above, Huron and Wyandot, are already extinct, with no remaining native speakers.
		Among the Northern Iroquoian languages (that is, all of them except Cherokee), the main differences lie in matters of pronunciation, and less so in vocabulary or grammatical structure, so that if someone knows how to speak one of those languages, they can acquire a working knowledge of one of the others with comparatively little effort.
	www.mingolanguage.org /iroquoianlanguages.html (695 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Iroquoian Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Iroquoian family consists of a group of languages all descended from a common ancestor known as Proto-Iroquoian.
		In Iroquoian languages, as in English, verbs are used to describe actions or states: ratákhe', "he's running"; iostáthen, "it is dry"; sahonwatihné:kanonte', "she gave them another drink." Because all verbs contain pronominal prefixes (ra-, "he"; io-, "it"; honwati-, "she/them"), they may stand alone as full sentences in their own right.
		Iroquoian languages offer their speakers many expressive options unknown in European languages, and their speakers in turn exploit them to their fullest.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_017400_iroquoianlan.htm (920 words)

	Encyclopedia: Iroquoian languages
		Categories: Iroquoian languages The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the League of Peace and Power) is a group of First Nations/Native Americans.
		Oneida is an Iroquoian language spoken primarily in the American states of New York and Wisconsin, and the Canadian province of Ontario.
		Wyandot is the Iroquoian language traditionally spoken by the people known variously as Wyandot, Wendat, or Huron.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Iroquoian-languages (946 words)

	[No title]
		The Iroquoian system, expressed through its constitution, "The Great Law of Peace," rested on assumptions foreign to the monarchies of Europe: it regarded leaders as servants of the people, rather than their masters, and made provisions for the leaders' impeachment for errant behavior.
		Iroquoian sources, using oral history and recollections of family ancestries (the traditional methods for marking time through history), have fixed the origin date at between 1000 and 1400 A.D.; Euro-American historians have tended to place the origin of the Iroquois league at about 1450.
		Iroquoian notions of personal liberty also drew exclamations from Colden, who wrote: The Five Nations have such absolute Notions of Liberty that they allow of no Kind of Superiority of one over another, and banish all Servitude from their Territories.
	www.ratical.org /many_worlds/6Nations/FF.txt (15660 words)

	Annotated Information on the Iroquoian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This short passage on the Iroquoian language family shows the sub-languages included in the family, a short history and certain structural characteristics of the languages.
		Iroquoian family were spoken from the Appalachian Mountains to Quebec.
		There is a brief overview of the languages which comprise the Iroquoian family and a brief sketch of where these languages were spoken as of 1976.
	www.unh.edu /linguistics/courses/790CS/annotations/HW2/Iroquoian.Katie.HW2.htm (1775 words)

	Bill Wriglwy's longhouse page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Iroquoian longhouses increased in length substantially in the late 14th and early 15th century.
		Iroquoian longhouses had a limited time of use that appeared to vary from 10 to 20 years.
		This meant that at a certain point, the Iroquoian people had to abandon their longhouses, individually or as complete villages.
	individual.utoronto.ca /bill_wrigley/2_longhouses.html (713 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Iroquoian Family (language)
		Iroquoian Family (language), one of the most important language families of the Native North Americans, deriving its family name from that of the...
		Oneida, North American tribe belonging linguistically to the Iroquoian family and forming part of the Iroquois Confederacy.
		Mohawk (people), Native North American tribe of the Iroquoian language family and of the Northeast culture area.
	encarta.msn.com /Iroquoian_Family_(language).html (257 words)

	Early Days in Richmond Hill: A History of the Community to 1930 : electronic edition. : First Peoples on the Land
		The Iroquoian men worked at least as hard as the women, and their contribution to the village economy was no less important.
		Iroquoian society was matrilineal, in which descent was traced through the female line rather than the male line.
		Iroquoians were also matrilocal, with the extended family usually consisting of a woman and her daughters, or a group of sisters, living together with their husbands and children.
	edrh.rhpl.richmondhill.on.ca /?ID=s2.2 (1310 words)

	Middle Woodland Culture
		A palisade was simply a strong wall of tall, large timber posts that surrounded the Iroquoian village and protected it from wild animals, weather, and from attacks by intruders.
		The Iroquoian peoples are a diverse and interesting people whose culture is as diverse as the area they inhabit.
		All in all the Iroquois and the rest of the Iroquoian society are very similar, with the exception of certain aspects.
	www.angelfire.com /ca/janechaos/midwoodlandpaper.html (1739 words)

	Iroquoian Cosmology: Introduction
		In the development of Iroquoian thought, beasts and animals, plants and trees, rocks, and streams of water, having human or other effective attributes or properties in a paramount measure, were naturally regarded as the controllers of those attributes or properties, which could be made available by orenda or magic power.
		The signification of the Iroquoian term usually rendered into English by the term "god" is "disposer," or "controller." This definition supplies the reason that the reputed controllers of the operations of nature received worship and prayers.
		The first text is in Onondaga version of the Iroquoian cosmology, obtained in 1S89 on the Grand River reservation, Canada, from the late chief and fire-keeper, John Buck, of the Onondaga tribe.
	www.sacred-texts.com /nam/iro/irc/irc02.htm (2567 words)

	Iroquoian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ethnologue: Iroquoian Linguistic family tree with links to demographic information about each language.
		Ohwejagehká: Ha`degáenage: Text and sound samples of Iroquoian phrases and songs: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora.
		Homes of the Past: An Iroquoian Longhouse Explore an Iroquoian village with The Royal Ontario Museum.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Iroquoian.html (183 words)

	Other Iroquoian Languages
		Consequential Verbs in the Northern Iroquoian Languages and Elsewhere.
		In Michael K. Foster, Jack Campisi, and Marianne Mithun (eds.), Extending the Rafters: An Inter-disciplinary Approach to Iroquoian Studies, 301-311.
		Masculine and Feminine in the Northern Iroquoian Languages.
	www.linguistics.ucsb.edu /faculty/chafe/iroquoian.htm (196 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The St. Lawrence Iroquoian populations are distinguished from the Hurons by distinctive ceramic styles, increased size and permanency of villages and continued development of an extensive bone tool technology.
		Early Ontario Iroquoian occupations appear to have expanded both east and west from their origins in the Niagara area and a few seasonal camps are known in what is now Simcoe County.
		Like Iroquoian longhouses, these were made of poles planted in the ground, then bent together and tied at the top to form an arch and covered with reed mats or bark slabs.
	www.ontarioarchaeology.on.ca /oas/summary/latew.htm (4348 words)

	CONTEMPORARY ABORIGINAL ISSUES: ABORIGINAL WOMEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In Iroquoian communities, the woman was defined as nourisher and the man as the protector/helper.
		While the sachems (leaders) in Iroquoian communities were men, women selected and named them and it was the women's role to ensure that sachems exercised their responsibilities.
		While Iroquoian society was far from being a female-dominated matriarchy, it is clear that Iroquoian women at the time of contact enjoyed respect and autonomy that had not yet been dreamed of by European women.
	www.schoolnet.ca /aboriginal/issues/women-e.html (2364 words)

	Homes of the Past: Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Iroquoians built villages that were surrounded by palisades.
		Archaeologists know they have found an Iroquoian site when their surface collections of artifacts contain Iroquoian ceramics and worked bone and stone artifacts.
		A post mould is the decayed remains of the posts placed into the ground, hundreds of years ago, by the Iroquoians when they were building their longhouses.
	www.rom.on.ca /digs/longhouse/longintro.html (808 words)

	Iroquoian language - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Iroquoian language
		From its New York homelands, the confederacy aggressively enlarged its territorial control to include much of Ontario, Québec, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan.
		Iroquois also refers to American Indians of the Iroquoian linguistic family, originally from the upper St Lawrence River, such as the Cherokee and Huron.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Iroquoian+language (733 words)

	Iroquoian Words
		The nouns are singular and most of the verbs are 3rd person singular ("he or she sings") because many Native American languages don't have a separate infinitive ("to sing") the way English and French do.
		If you would like to know an Iroquoian word that is not currently on our page, you can take part in our American Indian translations fundraiser or visit our main Iroquoian languages site for more free resources.
		Bear in mind that Iroquoian languages use prefixes on their verbs, unlike Indo-European languages (which generally use suffixes).
	www.native-languages.org /famiro_words.htm (226 words)

	Longwoods Road Conservation Area and Ska-Nah-Doht Iroquoian Village & Museum
		The Iroquoian of 1,000 years ago were hunters, gatherers and the area's first farmers.
		With wise use of the natural resources, the Iroquoian people could live in an area for 8 to 10 years.
		Throughout the year education programs and native studies tours and workshops can be booked for school classes and organized groups, or tour the facility at your own pace.
	www.lowerthames-conservation.on.ca /SkaNahDoht.htm (409 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Iroquoian language family is spoken across southern Ontario, New York and parts of the mid-eastern United States.
		Iroquoian languages are polysynthetic, which means almost all the information needed to convey the meaning of a sentence can be encoded morphologically onto the verb.
		Iroquoian languages also exhibit noun incorporation, where the direct object noun appears inside the verb phrase.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~mbarrie/iroquoian.html (105 words)

	Iroquois
		Important confederacy of indigenous peoples of the Iroquoian language family and of the Eastern Woodlands culture area.
		Sometime between 1715 and 1722, however, the Tuscaroras, an Iroquoian tribe originally of North Carolina, which had migrated to New York, was formally admitted to the confederacy, and the name of the league was changed to the Six Nations, or the League of Six Nations.
		As representative members of the Iroquoian family, and the ones first encountered and later most intensively studied by white people, the Iroquois gave their name to the family of which they are a part.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/iroquois.htm (2000 words)

	McElwain: Use of Mingo Language in Last Half of Twentieth Century
		Mingo is a northern Iroquoian language of people politically distinct from the League Iroquois originally inhabiting the Ohio drainage in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and northern West Virginia.
		The distribution of Iroquoian languages including North Carolina coastal area and mountain Cherokee, and Huron in the northwest and St. Lawrence Iroquois in the northeast, along with the divergence of languages suggests a fairly long occupation of these areas by Iroquoian speakers.
		The Black Minqua further west probably tempered the Iroquoian traits with borrowings from the Shawnee, reflecting the ancient configuration of influence from the southwest: Adena and Adena-related, Fort Ancient and Monongahela, and finally Shawnee and Iroquoian.
	mingolanguage.org /texts/tom/20c_mingo.html (2977 words)

	The Archaeology of Southern Ontario (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Many Early Iroquoian sites are documented, but a subjective inspection of maps suggests some correspondence between the distribution of modern cities and Iroquoian site clusters.
		Preoccupation with the fate of these groups is somewhat ironic, both because their integrity is reified from brief sixteenth-century accounts and because the high chronological resolution in which Iroquoian specialists justifiably take pride cannot settle the issue.
		There are no references in Iroquoian chapters to the ideas of United States scholars who, based in part on New York Iroquois data, debate the timing and magnitude of the depopulation that attended European invasion.
	www.ssc.uwo.ca /anthropology/BookSite/ArchSouthOnt.html (1243 words)

	Canada's First Nations: Native Civilisations
		Iroquoian speakers occupied territories from Lake Erie to the mouth of the St. Lawrence.
		Iroquoian society was matrilineal, which means that the female lineage is observed.
		The Iroquoian used both the tambourine and a double-headed drum.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/firstnations/iroq.html (997 words)

	BACKGROUND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Situated within the Iroquoian Museum of Culture's Theme Park, the Centre will be a "state of the art" Library Resource Centre with a full inventory of native specific library material, an audio-visual centre, a language resource centre, all of which will be available on worldwide Internet web.
		To foster and enrich Iroquoian cultural identities through the development and promotion of language, cultural and educational activities.
		To carry on educational programs in order to promote the knowledge of Iroquoian culture and Language through research, education and publication and distribution of books, papers, reports, periodicals and pamphlets, and to provide funds to charitable organizations which carry on such educational programs.
	tuscaroras.com /jtlc/Friends/friends_pg2.html (257 words)

	THE JAKE THOMAS LEARNING CENTRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In addition, it is dedicated to "the creation of a learning environment for both Iroquoian and non-Iroquoian peoples" whom are still in an indigenous mind.
		A building project is currently underway to build a more substantial learning centre and library resource in a setting, which will encourage a relationship with the Creator, the ancestors, and all our relations.
		In this spirit of offering in the Iroquoian tradition, donations of skills, time, materials, and money are always welcomed.
	tuscaroras.com /jtlc/JTLC/Purpose_of_the_JTLC.html (524 words)

	Washington State Univ. Outline of course on the Iroquois - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Iroquoian groups were differentiated from rest of NE Woodland not only linguistically (rest of NE = Algonkian languages), but also by various cultural features, esp. 1) larger villages based on more intensive agriculture; 2) matrilineal clan system; 3) tribal confederacy; and 4) emphasis on military and economic control of region.
		Recent archaeological evidence has come out in favor of migration view, linking arrival of Iroquoians in NE with development of multi-family (longhouse) dwellings and with maize agriculture (previously absent this far north); these innovations, perhaps coupled w/ tribal political and military organization, allowed Iroquoians to displace Algonkians in regions with rich loamy soils.
		Recall that Iroquoians distinct within NE not only linguistically, but because of such sociopolitical features as matrilineal kinship, strong tribal confederacy, and greater emphasis on war.
	p216.ezboard.com /fwampumchronicleshistory.showMessage?topicID=321.topic (2046 words)

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