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Topic: Iroquoian languages

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	Iroquoian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Iroquoian languages are a Native American language family.
		The Meherrin peoples may have spoken an Iroquoian language, but there is not enough data to determine this with certainty.
		Some linguists group the Iroquoian languages with the Siouan languages as the Macro-Siouan family, but this larger family is not recognized by a consensus of linguists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iroquoian (532 words)

	Iroquoian Languages
		The Iroquoian languages were originally spoken over a very large expanse of territory, including much of the southern Canada (Ontario and Quebec), particularly along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, through large portions of the Mid-Atlantic states, and down into the Carolinas.
		Among the Northern Iroquoian languages (that is, all of them except Cherokee), the main differences lie in matters of pronunciation, and less so in vocabulary or grammatical structure, so that if someone knows how to speak one of those languages, they can acquire a working knowledge of one of the others with comparatively little effort.
		Languages in the same small circle are closley related to one another; languages in the same larger circle are less closely related.
	www.mingolanguage.org /iroquoianlanguages.html (695 words)

	Iroquoian languages -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Iroquoian languages are a (Any member of the peoples living in North or South America before the Europeans arrived) Native American (Click link for more info and facts about language family) language family.
		Every language in this family has at least one (An elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose) nasal vowel ((linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language) phoneme.
		Some linguists group the Iroquoian languages with the (A family of North American Indian languages spoken by the Sioux) Siouan languages as the (Click link for more info and facts about Macro-Siouan) Macro-Siouan family, but this larger family is not recognized by a consensus of linguists.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/ir/iroquoian_languages.htm (494 words)

	The Importance of Community Initiatives in Maintaining Aboriginal Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In Iroquoian languages, for instance, there are a great many terms relating to the cultivation of corn, beans and squash and their preparation as foods; there is a similar elaboration of terminology regarding matrilineal institutions and the functions of the Confederacy Council.
		Thus, languages of the "inflective" sort (generally, the European languages) and those of the "isolating" kind (Chinese) were said to match advanced civilization, whereas those which were of the "polysynthetic" type, which included many of the known languages of the Americas, were said to match a "primitive" level of cultural development.
		The languages too are rather different on the surface, but there was nothing inherent in the ancestral language that stood in the way of the people in the original common speech community separating and ending up in rather different environments and with very different cultures.
	tuscaroras.com /jtlc/Proposal/Maintaining_Aboriginal_Language.html (2613 words)

	Encyclopedia: Iroquoian languages
		In oral language, a phoneme is the theoretical basic unit of sound that can be used to distinguish words or morphemes; in sign language, it is a similarly basic unit of hand shape, motion, position, or facial expression.
		Oneida is an Iroquoian language spoken primarily in the American states of New York and Wisconsin, and the Canadian province of Ontario.
		An extinct language is a language which is no longer natively spoken: it is estimated that one natural human language dies every two weeks.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Iroquoian-languages (1394 words)

	White Dove's Native American Indian Site Cherokee Language
		The Overhill or Otali dialect was spoken in all the towns of East Tennessee and in the towns along the Hiwassee and Cheowa Rivers in North Carolina, as well as in northeastern Alabama and northwestern Georgia during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
		Cherokee is also related to a number of Iroquoian languages that became extinct during the historic period.
		Cherokee speakers constitute the seventh largest group of speakers of native languages north of Mexico, and in some communities in eastern Oklahoma and western North Carolina is used by speakers of all ages.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/cherokee-language.html (938 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Iroquoian Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Iroquoian family consists of a group of languages all descended from a common ancestor known as Proto-Iroquoian.
		In Iroquoian languages, as in English, verbs are used to describe actions or states: ratákhe', "he's running"; iostáthen, "it is dry"; sahonwatihné:kanonte', "she gave them another drink." Because all verbs contain pronominal prefixes (ra-, "he"; io-, "it"; honwati-, "she/them"), they may stand alone as full sentences in their own right.
		An interesting feature of Iroquoian languages is noun incorporation, the presence of noun roots inside of verbs, like -hnek-, "liquid," in "she gave them a drink" and "vinegar".
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_017400_iroquoianlan.htm (920 words)

	Annotated Information on the Iroquoian
		This short passage on the Iroquoian language family shows the sub-languages included in the family, a short history and certain structural characteristics of the languages.
		The four languages which have become extinct are an influential part that must be understood in order to fully comprehend the language family.
		It is interesting to note that a lot of the languages within the family are spoken in the United States as well as in Canada (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca in NY and Cherokee in North Carolina).
	www.unh.edu /linguistics/courses/790CS/annotations/HW2/Iroquoian.Katie.HW2.htm (1775 words)

	Iroquoian Languages
		What counts as a separate language -- and what counts as "just a dialect" of some language -- usually depends on a variety of things, including historical, cultural, and geographic factors, as well as actual differences in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation.
		There are also a number of other Iroquoian languages that have been extinct for over a century, and about which we know fairly little, including Erie, Susquehannock and Laurentian.
		All of the Iroquoian languages today are endangered, to one degree or another, and two of the ten languages above, Huron and Wyandot, are already extinct, with no remaining native speakers.
	mingolanguage.org /iroquoianlanguages.html (695 words)

	Viable Or Endangered? - Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Passing on the language from one generation to another is critical for its survival and continuity.
		The ratio between mother tongue and home language is an important indicator of language vitality - transmission from one generation to the next is difficult when a language is no longer spoken at home.
		Languages which are reported by the census are classified into the "viable" (including "viable and small") and "endangered" categories (See Table).
	www.ainc-inac.gc.ca /pr/ra/fgg/via_e.html (649 words)

	McElwain: Use of Mingo Language in Last Half of Twentieth Century
		Mingo is a northern Iroquoian language of people politically distinct from the League Iroquois originally inhabiting the Ohio drainage in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and northern West Virginia.
		Language loss should not therefore be taken as an indicator of identity loss among Mingos.
		The distribution of Iroquoian languages including North Carolina coastal area and mountain Cherokee, and Huron in the northwest and St. Lawrence Iroquois in the northeast, along with the divergence of languages suggests a fairly long occupation of these areas by Iroquoian speakers.
	www.mingolanguage.org /texts/tom/20c_mingo.html (2977 words)

	Open Directory - Science:Social Sciences:Linguistics:Languages:Natural:Iroquoian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cayuga is one of the languages of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy).
		Onondaga is one of the languages of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy).
		Seneca is one of the languages of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy).
	dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/Iroquoian/desc.html (382 words)

	South Carolina Indians - Language
		A language family–or stock, as it is sometimes referred to–is a group of similar languages or dialects.
		North American Indian languages are as diverse as they are numerous (originally numbered as many as 300); no single set of characteristics is shared by all of them.
		When a group of languages shows similar vocabulary items, with regular correspondences of sounds, the group is said to have a genetic relationship; that is, the languages are "sister" languages, descended historically from a single origin.
	www.sciway.net /hist/indians/language.html (786 words)

	Rotinonhsón:ni Languages
		As can be seen from the population table, all the languages except Cherokee and Mohawk are in imminant danger of extinction, and all languages are spoken by less than 10% of their respective nation's population.
		The “Six Nations” languages (coloured yellow on the population chart) are often grouped together linguistically (as Northern Iroquoian) and politically.
		Each of the Six Nations languages except for Mohawk require alphabetic symbols which are not available in most fonts, and which do not occur as distinct glyphs within Unicode.
	www.languagegeek.com /rotinonhsonni/iroquoian.html (335 words)

	Cherokee language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cherokee is an Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people.
		Cherokee only has one labial consonant, being /m/, which is relatively new to the language, unless you count Cherokee w as labial instead of velar.
		Cherokee, (or Tsalagi, its name in its own language) like most Native American languages, is polysynthetic.
	www.butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Cherokee_language (580 words)

	Iroquoian languages - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Every language in this family has at least one nasal vowel phoneme.
		Excavated grains, pottery and other evidence suggests that a typical Indian meal consisted of soup made from different plants and animals, with corn as a staple in their diets.
		The article about Iroquoian languages contains information related to Iroquoian languages and Iroquoian languages.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Iroquoian_languages (232 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Cherokee Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is most closely related to the Iroquoian languages spoken today by members of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora communities of New York and Ontario.
		For example, the Iroquoian family is one of the few language families in the world that has no bilabial stops (b and p sounds).
		Cherokee speakers constitute the seventh largest group of speakers of native languages north of Mexico, and in some communities in eastern Oklahoma and western North Carolina, Cherokee is used by speakers of all ages.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_006600_cherokeelang.htm (1044 words)

	TWPL Volume 21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Iroquoian languages possess two series of pronominal markers for nouns and intransitive verbs.
		When a target language borrows words from a source language, a language will always retain the phonological contrasts that exist in the source language if they already exist naturally in the target language.
		The objective of this paper is to present evidence that whether the degree of contrast is preserved or not via the introduction of markedness depends on the social relationship between the source language and the target language.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~twpl/volume21.html (1405 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Iroquoian language family is spoken across southern Ontario, New York and parts of the mid-eastern United States.
		Iroquoian languages are polysynthetic, which means almost all the information needed to convey the meaning of a sentence can be encoded morphologically onto the verb.
		Iroquoian languages also exhibit noun incorporation, where the direct object noun appears inside the verb phrase.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~mbarrie/iroquoian.html (105 words)

	Iroquoian language - The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Iroquoian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Languages of the Algonquian family, with links to information on each language and the Native American Indian people who speak it.
		They spoke dialects of the Iroquoian language and lived along the Nottoway They spoke the Iroquoian language.
		You have reached the page on Iroquoian languages, which is just one part of the The Iroquoian languages may be divided into 3 sub- branches: Cherokee,
	www.sbbbs.com /?q=iroquoian-language (209 words)

	Native American Language Net: Preserving and promoting indigenous American Indian languages
		We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to the survival of Native American languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology.
		Actually, Native American languages do not belong to a single Amerindian family, but 25-30 small ones; they are usually discussed together because of the small numbers of natives speaking most of these languages and how little is known about many of them.
		These are linguistically diverse languages deserving of individual attention, and it is very difficult to make accurate generalizations about them as a group.
	www.native-languages.org (1052 words)

	Languages - Indian Country Wisconsin
		Besides Algonkian languages, the Woodlands also include languages of the Iroquoian and Siouan language families.
		The Santee Sioux and the Ho-chunk (Ho-chunk) speak languages of the Siouan family.
		Today, language teaching programs are important to Indian communities because language is seen as both an important part of traditional heritage and knowledge.
	www.mpm.edu /wirp/ICW-46.html (238 words)

	Census of Canada, 1996: stubsets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census.
		This total now includes the 'non-official languages' category from 1991 to make the data comparable to the 1996 Census data.
		In 1996, only the first non-official language write-in has been kept for the purposes of dissemination.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /datalib/cc96/stubsets/home_lang156.htm (54 words)

	Iroquoian Words
		We hope to add a set of 100 common words for each language eventually, complete with phonetic lettering and possibly even audio, but for now we we have included twenty basic words, enough to give you a feeling for each language.
		The nouns are singular and most of the verbs are 3rd person singular ("he or she sings") because many Native American languages don't have a separate infinitive ("to sing") the way English and French do.
		If you would like to know an Iroquoian word that is not currently on our page, you can take part in our American Indian translations fundraiser or visit our main Iroquoian languages site for more free resources.
	www.native-languages.org /famiro_words.htm (226 words)

	Topical Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A grammar of the Ojibwe language: The Severn dialect.
		Language change and cultural dynamics: A study of Lakota verbs of movement.
		Oral literature of the Northeastern Algonquians and the Northern Iroquoians.
	bolt.lakeheadu.ca /~jomeara/topicalBibliography.html (2227 words)

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