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Topic: Iroquois Confederacy

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	Iroquois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Confederacy was based, at the time of the arrival of the Europeans, in what is now upstate New York.
		According to Francis Parkman, the Iroquois were at the height of their power in the 17th century with a population of around 12,000 people.
		The word "Iroquois" is reputed to come from a French version of a Huron (Wendat) name—considered an insult—meaning "Black Snakes." The Iroquois were enemies of the Huron and the Algonquin, who were allied with the French, due to their rivalry in the fur trade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iroquois (1039 words)

	Iroquois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On the positive side, the adoptions gave the Iroquois a claim to the lands of their former enemies beyond mere "right of conquest." Mass adoption, however, was not extended to non-Iroquian speaking tribes, and from this point the Iroquois population dropped.
		An exception was the Iroquois threat of intervention on behalf of the Tuscarora during the Tuscarora War (1712-13) with the Carolina colonists.
		At the Treaty of Lancaster with the Iroquois, Shawnee and Delaware (and indirectly - Mingo) in 1748, Pennsylvania urged the Iroquois to restore the Ohio tribes to the Covenant Chain as a barrier against the French.
	www.tolatsga.org /iro.html (22114 words)

	The Iroquois Wars
		The Iroquois fought the French throughout the establishment of the colony in Canada.
		In time, as the French population and strength grew, the Iroquois drifted southward into upper New York State and the eastern Great Lakes basin, but their animosity toward the French continued to be manifested in raids and hit-and-run warfare.
		Although the Iroquois had to pause to recoup their losses from the Erie campaign, they were soon ready to continue their war of expansion.
	members.tripod.com /~RFester/iroq.html (2062 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		They gave their name to the Iroquoian branch of the Hokan-Siouan linguistic stock (see Native American languages), which included numerous other Native American groups of the E United States and E Canada.
		this confederacy of Five Nations (later to become six when the Tuscarora joined) inhabited New York state from the Hudson River N to the St. Lawrence River and W to the Genesee River.
		Commentary on Bosnia: Iroquois Diplomacy and the Balkan Quagmire
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/I/IroquoisC1.asp (229 words)

	The Iroquois Confederacy
		Each of the Iroquois nations was represented to the Confederate Council by a lord of the confederacy and one war chief.
		Those who recognized the wisdom and long history of the Iroquois government did not consider the Indians as mere "savages." Like the Iroquois, Thomas Jefferson believed that public opinion and popular consent were key in maintaining freedom and good government.
		The lord of the confederacy was nominated by women =96 selected for qualities of trustworthiness, good character, honesty, faithfulness to the people and the nation, support of the family, and good management of personal affairs.
	www.lightparty.com /Spirituality/Iroquois.html (1180 words)

	Dating the Iroquois Confederacy, by Bruce E. Johansen
		Using a combination of documentary sources, solar eclipse data, and Iroquois oral history, Mann and Fields assert that the Iroquois Confederacy's body of law was adopted by the Senecas (the last of the five nations to ratify it) August 31, 1142.
		Most accounts of the Iroquois League's origins stress the roles played by Deganawidah, who is called "The Peacemaker" in oral discourse among traditional Iroquois, and Aionwantha (or Hiawatha), who joined him in a quest to quell the blood feud and establish peace.
		Occasionally in Iroquois history, a title also may become a personal name -- Handsome Lake (a reference to Lake Ontario) was the title to one of the 50 seats on the Iroquois Grand Council before it was the name of the nineteenth-century Iroquois prophet.
	www.ratical.org /many_worlds/6Nations/DatingIC.html (1759 words)

	The Six Nations: Oldest Living Participatory Democracy on Earth
		The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy, one of the world's oldest democracies, is at least three centuries older than most previous estimates, according to research by Barbara Mann and Jerry Fields of Toledo University, Ohio.
		Using a combination of documentary sources, solar eclipse data, and Iroquois oral history, Mann and Fields assert that the Iroquois Confederacy's body of law was adopted by the Senecas (the last of the five nations to ratify it) August 31, 1142.
		The French use of the term Iroquois to describe the confederacy was itself related to this oral tradition; it came from the practice of ending their orations with the two words hiro and kone.
	www.ratical.org /many_worlds/6Nations (5291 words)

	Wampum Chronicles: The Seven Nations Of Canada: The Other Iroquois Confederacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The English knew that the Iroquois were both respected and feared by other native nations throughout the northeast due to the strength of their confederacy.
		While the creation of this new confederacy certainly occurred, the same cannot be said for the claim by some writers that the northern Mohawks were formally kicked out of their former alliance.
		Family was the basis of the Iroquois clan system, and, by extension, the basis of Iroquois nationhood, whereas Europeans differentiated themselves by geographical and socio-political concepts that may as well have evolved on another planet.
	www.wampumchronicles.com /sevennations.html (5273 words)

	Iroquois today
		The Iroquois are six nations who joined together to form a confederacy of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora Nations.
		A number of Iroquois are wage workers, earning a living as teachers, factory workers, construction workers (high steel particularly), secretaries, or perhaps as employees of their nation’s government.
		Iroquois arts carry down through the ages the proud traditions of Iroquois culture celebrated at the Festivals and at the Iroquois Museum.
	www.iroquoismuseum.org /iroquois.htm (885 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy
		Isaac Jogues, a notable Jesuit missionary, was killed by the Iroquois as a sorcerer in 1646, but the missionaries were somewhat successful, and a considerable number of the Mohawk withdrew from the confederacy and founded (c.1670) a Catholic settlement.
		Brant, the principal leader of the Iroquois troops, participated with the Tory Rangers of Walter Butler in raids in New York and Pennsylvania, particularly the Cherry Valley and Wyoming Valley massacres.
		Most of the remaining Iroquois, except for the Oneida of Wisconsin and the Seneca-Cayuga of Oklahoma, are in New York; the Onondoga reservation there is still the capital of the Iroquois Confederacy.
	www.question.com /link/IroquoisC.html (1146 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At the time of the founding of the Iroquois League of Nations, no written language existed; we have only the early stories which were passed down from generation to generation, until such time as there was a written language, and interpreters available, to record that early history.
		Early explorers and colonists found the Iroquois well established, as they had been for many generations: with a democratic government; with a form of religion that acknowledged a Creator in heaven; with a strong sense of family which was based on, and controlled by, their women; and many other surprises you will soon discover.
		The founder of the Confederacy of the Five Nations is generally acknowledged to be Dekanawida, born near the Bay of Quinte, in southeastern Ontario, Canada.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/iroquois.html (11536 words)

	Constitution of the Iroquois Nations
		There shall you sit and watch the Council Fire of the Confederacy of the Five Nations, and all the affairs of the Five Nations shall be transacted at this place before you, Adodarhoh, and your cousin Lords, by the Confederate Lords of the Five Nations.
		If a Lord of the Confederacy should become seriously ill and be thought near death, the women who are heirs of his title shall go to his house and lift his crown of deer antlers, the emblem of his Lordship, and place them at one side.
		The Royaneh women of the Confederacy heirs of the Lordship titles shall elect two women of their family as cooks for the Lord when the people shall assemble at his house for business or other purposes.
	www.constitution.org /cons/iroquois.htm (10542 words)

	The flag of the Iroquois League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Formed around 1570, the confederacy, or Iroquois League was originally comprised of five tribes.
		From earliest times, the unity of the Iroquois was symbolized by a wampum belt fashioned in a pattern that has become known as "Hiawatha's Belt".
		Several confrontations between Iroquois and the governments of Quebec and New York have increased Iroquois self awareness.
	users.aol.com /donh523/navapage/iroquois.htm (373 words)

	New York State Test Prep Social Studies 5 Native American in NY State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Iroquois groups were the Mohawk (to the east), Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca (to the west).
		Before 1570, the Iroquois groups were constantly fighting among themselves and with the Algonquians.
		Leaders of each Iroquois Nation also came together (at the Onondaga Nation) to discuss matters that were important to all of them, such as peace, trade, or war.
	www.oswego.org /testprep/ss5/c/iroquoisl.cfm (479 words)

	Oneida Indian Nation - Culture & History - Lacrosse: An Iroquois Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The great oral tradition which recounts the beginning of the Iroquois Confederacy specifies that the young warriors staged a lacrosse game for Hayewat-ha, one of the League founders, to console him for the loss of his children.
		Lacrosse is pleasing to the Creator but it is also a rite sacred to the Thunders, the seven honored elders (Grandfathers) who move across the sky from west to east cleansing the earth with winds and rains.
		In some Iroquois communities, lacrosse is prescribed (through a dream or by a fortuneteller) as a curing ritual.
	www.oneida-nation.net /lacrosse.html (738 words)

	Native Americans of the Northeast
		The Iroquois were the most important native group in North American history.
		The individual Iroquois tribes were divided into three clans; turtle, bear and wolf and each headed by the clan mother.
		The original homeland of the Iroquois was in upstate New York between the Adirondack Mountains and Niagra Falls.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Oracle/5467 (491 words)

	Book Lists ~ Hiawatha and Deganawidah (Iroquois League, Confederacy, Confederation)
		The section on Hiawatha is drawn almost entirely from an address of Hale’s that had been published as the booklet Hiawatha and the Iroquois Confederation: A Study in Anthropology, private printing, Salem, Massachusetts, 1881, and as “A Lawgiver of the Stone Age,” in Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol.
		Parker on the Iroquois, by Arthur C. Parker, edited with an introduction by William N. Fenton, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York, 1968.
		Concerning the League: The Iroquois League Tradition as Dictated in Onondaga by John Arthur Gibson, edited and translated by Hanni Woodbury, Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1992.
	www.aaronshep.com /bookshelves/Hiawatha.html (464 words)

	The Iroquois Constitution
		A bunch of shell strings is to be the symbol of the council fire of the Five Nations Confederacy.
		The Lords of the Confederacy shall eat together from one bowl the feast of cooked beaver's tail.
		It shall then be the duty of the Lords of the Confederacy who remain faithful to resolve to warn the offending people.
	www.law.ou.edu /iroquois.html (11245 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Six Nations of the Iroquois (Herald American) Short summary of the Nations in 1990; illustrations
		Hurons and Iroquois: A Historical Research Project Completed by the Grade 5 Class of Lumsden Elementary School Includes much information and activities.
		Iroquois Web Resources (The NY State Museum) Includes section on Activities and Lesson Plans.
	ah.bfn.org /h/iroq/iroqlinks.html (364 words)

	AllRefer.com - Iroquois Confederacy (North American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Iroquois Confederacy (North American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedia
		Iroquois Confederacy or Iroquois League[ir´ukwoi´´, –kwA´´] Pronunciation Key, North American confederation of indigenous peoples, initially comprising the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Iroquois Confederacy
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/IroquoisC.html (212 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy
		Iroquois Confederacy calls for sales tax summit (Indian Country Today (Lakota Times))
		Leon Shenandoah.(81-year-old leader of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy)(Brief Article)(Obituary) (Time)
		Commentary on Bosnia: Iroquois Diplomacy and the Balkan Quagmire (News From Indian Country)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0825512.html (176 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy
		Iroquois Confederacy or Iroquois League, North American confederation of indigenous peoples, initially comprising the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.
		They gave their name to the Iroquoian branch of the Hokan-Siouan linguistic stock (see
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	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0825512.html (99 words)

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