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Topic: Iroquois Confederation

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	Iroquois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to Francis Parkman, the Iroquois were at the height of their power in the 17th century with a population of around 12,000 people.
		The word "Iroquois" is reputed to come from a French version of a Huron (Wendat) name—considered an insult—meaning "Black Snakes." The Iroquois were enemies of the Huron and the Algonquin, who were allied with the French, due to their rivalry in the fur trade.
		The Iroquois nations' political union and democratic government has been credited by some as one of the influences on the United States Constitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iroquois (1177 words)

	MSN Encarta - Iroquois
		Iroquois, important confederacy of Native American tribes of the Iroquoian language family and of the Northeast culture area.
		During its period of expansion in the 17th century, the Iroquois Confederacy defeated and scattered other Iroquoian peoples—the Tobacco, Neutral, and Erie to the west, the Huron to the north, and the Susquehannock to the south.
		By 1720 the Iroquois had subdued almost all the tribes in a vast region extending from the Hudson River to the Illinois River and from the Ottawa River to the Tennessee River.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552484/Iroquois.html (938 words)

	Iroquois - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Iroquois
		Iroquois also refers to American Indians of the Iroquoian linguistic family, originally from the upper St Lawrence River, such as the Cherokee and Huron.
		The Iroquois League was formed and led by Hiawatha and Dekanawida as a defence against invasion and to prevent intertribal conflict.
		The Iroquois confederacy was effectively dissolved by fighting for different causes during the war, and the Onondoga, Seneca, and Tuscarora settled on reservations in New York.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Iroquois (830 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Iroquois Confederacy @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Isaac Jogues, a notable Jesuit missionary, was killed by the Iroquois as a sorcerer in 1646, but the missionaries were somewhat successful, and a considerable number of the Mohawk withdrew from the confederacy and founded (c.1670) a Catholic settlement.
		Brant, the principal leader of the Iroquois troops, participated with the Tory Rangers of Walter Butler in raids in New York and Pennsylvania, particularly the Cherry Valley and Wyoming Valley massacres.
		Most of the remaining Iroquois, except for the Oneida of Wisconsin and the Seneca-Cayuga of Oklahoma, are in New York; the Onondoga reservation there is still the capital of the Iroquois Confederacy.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:IroquoisC&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (1089 words)

	Iroquois Nation
		The Iroquois were enemies of the Huron and the Algonquin, who were allied with the French, due to their rivalry in the fur trade.
		With the prehistoric formation of the Iroquois Confederation, the Seneca became known the "Keepers of the Western Door" because they were located on the western edge of the Iroquois domain.
		The tribes of the Iroquois' League of the Six Nations (Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, Cayuga, Mohawk, and Tuscarora) have been united for centuries in their celebration of great festivals, at which occur numerous ceremonies of significance to both the spiritual and physical life of the tribes.
	www.crystalinks.com /iroquois.html (3674 words)

	Iroquois kinship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Iroquois kinship (also known as Bifurcate merging) is a kinship system used to define family.
		However, multiple groups around the globe employ the "Iroquois" system and is fairly commonly found in unilineal descent groups.
		The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes With English Colonies from Its Beginnin...
	hallencyclopedia.com /Iroquois_kinship (456 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy and the Influence Thesis
		The Iroquois people with their Iroquois Confederation were among the most powerful native groups on the American continent at the time of European contact.
		Iroquois influence does not demand that one believe that the Iroquois Confederacy served as a set of instructions for the Founding Fathers, but rather that the Iroquois Confederacy was at least one of the ingredients in the recipe.
		The Iroquois were egalitarian and liberty loving, and it seems that it would be hard to argue that a mighty and powerful nation in such proximity to the American colonies would have no influence on the thought of those Americans.
	www.campton.sau48.k12.nh.us /iroqconf.htm (5836 words)

	Forgotten Founders
		American Indians, particularly those of the Iroquois Confederation, provided the founding fathers with many of the principles upon which American democracy is based.
		In some respects the Iroquois Confederation was more similar to these international governing bodies since each nation under the Confederation was completely sovereign and the Iroquois League, "dealt only with international concerns of peace and war," (15).
		There are vague mentions of the Articles of Confederation and Declaration of Independence, but it is left up to the reader to connect the dots and figure for themselves the connections between the Iroquois Confederation and American democracy.
	web.syr.edu /~mfstotle/johansen.html (1658 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Confederation of five (later six) Indian tribes across upper New York that in the 17th–18th century played a strategic role in the struggle between the French and British for supremacy in North America.
		The loyalist Iroquois were defeated in 1779 near Elmira, N.Y., and the confederacy came to an end.
		The five Iroquois nations, characterizing themselves as “the people of the longhouse,” were the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9368208?tocId=9368208 (952 words)

	Hiawatha and the Iroquois Confederation (Horatio Hale, Deganawidah, Iroquois League, Confederacy)
		The address was published as the booklet Hiawatha and the Iroquois Confederation: A Study in Anthropology, private printing, Salem, Massachusetts, 1881, and as “A Lawgiver of the Stone Age,” in Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol.
		That the Iroquois tribes were originally one people, and that their separation into five communities, speaking distinct dialects, dates many centuries back, are both conclusions as certain as any facts in physical science.
		In the figurative speech of the Iroquois, the Oneida is the son, and the Onondaga is the brother, of the Mohawk.
	www.markshep.com /nonviolence/Hiawatha.html (6151 words)

	Civilization III: Civ of the Week
		Loosely speaking, Iroquois is the term for any member of the Five (later, Six) Nations composed of several Native American tribes speaking a language of the Iroquoian family: the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora (after 1722).
		Tradition credits the formation of the Iroquois Confederacy, forged between 1570 and 1600, to Dekanawidah, born a Huron, who is said to have persuaded Hiawatha, an influential Onondaga who had become the Mohawks' war chief, to abandon cannibalism and advance "peace, civil authority, righteousness, and the great law" as sanctions for confederation.
		The Iroquois' success in maintaining their autonomy from both the French and English was a remarkable achievement for an aboriginal people.
	www.civ3.com /civoftheweek.cfm?civ=Iroquois (724 words)

	[No title]
		The five nations thought of themselves as an extended family and called themselves the "people of the longhouse." The symbol was taken from the traditional dwelling place, the longhouse, in which a matron, her daughters, their husbands and children lived.
		In early colonial days the reputation of the Iroquois was that of fierce warriors, and their territory extended far beyond that of today.
		The Iroquois no longer live in longhouses, and most of the reservations are ruled by democratically elected councils.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7849 (1179 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy
		Early explorers and colonists found the Iroquois well established, as they had been for many generations: with a democratic government; with a form of religion that acknowledged a Creator in heaven; with a strong sense of family which was based on, and controlled by, their women; and many other surprises you will soon discover.
		If any Confederate Lord neglects or refuses to attend the Confederate Council, the other Lords of the Nation of which he is a member shall require their War Chief to request the female sponsors of the Lord so guilty of defection to demand his attendance of the Council.
		When a Confederate Lord is restricted by any of these condition, a deputy shall be appointed by his sponsors to act for him, but in case of extreme necessity the restricted Lord may exercise his rights.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/iroquois.html (11536 words)

	beaver
		The Iroquois Confederation was trading with the Dutch and were driving out their competing trading partners.
		After the Iroquois had been defeated at the end of the Beaver Wars, the tribes at Fort St. Louis proved to be only allies against a common enemy and not friends.
		Although the Iroquois were no long a threat they were still rival competition, therefore the French refused to open trading posts in the east.
	www.niu.edu /historicalbuildings/illini/beaver.htm (2204 words)

	Dating the Iroquois Confederacy, by Bruce E. Johansen
		The rise in interpersonal violence that predated the Iroquois League can be tied to a cannibal cult and the existence of villages with palisades, both of which can be dated to the mid-twelfth century.
		Most accounts of the Iroquois League's origins stress the roles played by Deganawidah, who is called "The Peacemaker" in oral discourse among traditional Iroquois, and Aionwantha (or Hiawatha), who joined him in a quest to quell the blood feud and establish peace.
		Occasionally in Iroquois history, a title also may become a personal name -- Handsome Lake (a reference to Lake Ontario) was the title to one of the 50 seats on the Iroquois Grand Council before it was the name of the nineteenth-century Iroquois prophet.
	www.ratical.com /many_worlds/6Nations/DatingIC.html (1759 words)

	Iroquois
		Sometime between 1715 and 1722, however, the Tuscaroras, an Iroquoian tribe originally of North Carolina, which had migrated to New York, was formally admitted to the confederacy, and the name of the league was changed to the Six Nations, or the League of Six Nations.
		The Iroquois had an agricultural economy, based mainly on corn, with supplementary crops of pumpkins, beans, and tobacco and later of orchard fruits such as apples and peaches.
		In the 16th century, the Mohawks were a member of the powerful Iroquois confederation known as the Five Nations, or Haudenosaunee, and their territories covered much of what is still known as New England.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/iroquois.htm (2000 words)

	The Iroquois
		The Iroquois or Five Nations comprised the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca and resided in the central and western portions of present-day New York.
		The Iroquois became the longtime ally of the British, most likely as a reaction against French incursions into their territory.
		Nevertheless, the French sponsored missionary activities among the Iroquois and were successful around 1670 in persuading a segment of the Mohawk to leave the confederacy.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h559.html (295 words)

	The Iroquois League
		The Iroquois, a confederation of first five and then six Native American nations in the northeastern United States, however, formed what was an anomalous confederation that would form much of the basis for the American invention of government.
		This was a powerful confederation of sovereign nations held together by a constitution that based itself on the structure of the confederation and its decision-making apparatus rather than on the charisma or power of individuals.
		The veto power of the president clearly derives from the function of the Onandaga Lords as Fire-Keepers, and the open-endedness of the League is reproduced in the open-endedness of the Constitution: any state can join, any state can secede, and, potentially, any state can be withdrawn from the nation.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/CULAMRCA/IRLEAGUE.HTM (696 words)

	Iroquois Confederation
		The Iroquois are a confederation of all Native Americans.
		This confederation was formed in 1142 to help stem the intertribal warfare among the five major tribes in Northeastern American and Southeastern Canada.
		The laws of the Iroquois are practical and punishment for infractions is swift.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /rumtigger2/Nations/iroquois.htm (1831 words)

	1995: "Native American Political Systems and the Evolution of Democracy: An Annotated Bibliography"
		Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine were well acquainted with the League....The Iroquois form of government...included elements equivalent to the modern political tools of initiative, referendum, and recall." This entry cites the published proceedings of the 1987 Cornell conference on the subject [See Barreiro, ed., 1988].
		The most powerful example was the Iroquois Confederacy which Benjamin Franklin suggested as a model for colonial alliance at the Albany Conference in 1754." Kickingbird then quotes Canasatego at Lancaster in 1744 advising colonial representatives to form a union on an Iroquois model.
		This is a reprint of Wagner's essay "Is Equality Indigenous?" documenting Iroquois influence on nineteenth-century feminists Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Matilda Joslyn Gage.
	www.ratical.org /many_worlds/6Nations/NAPSnEoD95.html (6144 words)

	Iroquois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Based in what is now upstate New York at the time of the arrival of the Europeans, they now occupy territory in Ontario, Quebec and New York.
		The word "Iroquois" comes from a French version of a Huron (Wendat) name—considered an insult—meaning "Black Snakes." The Iroquois were enemies of the Huron and the Algonquin, who were allied with the French, due to their rivalry in the fur trade.
		The Iroquois nations' political union and democratic government has been credited as one of the influences on the United States Constitution.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/I/Iroquois.htm (604 words)

	Before 1975: "Native American Political Systems and the Evolution of Democracy: An Annotated Bibliography"
		Page 169, under "Iroquois," after a brief discussion of the Iroquois League's founding:" "The 'constitution' of the Iroquois was not written, but it was greatly admired by the colonists.
		Certain it is that the constitution of the Iroquois, which had been in existence for many years before the American Revolution, presented at once a model and a challenge to the English colonies of the New World.
		Wilson's interest in the Iroquois was first stirred in the 1950s by a Mohawk land-rights activist named Standing Arrow, who "told me...that Benjamin Franklin had been influenced by the example of the Iroquois Confederacy in his project for uniting the American colonies.
	www.ratical.com /many_worlds/6Nations/NAPSnEoD-75.html (3422 words)

	THE ILLINI: LORDS OF THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Illini Confederation was not a confederation in the true sense of the word, according to Hauser.
		The term "confederation" usually refers to a linkage of groups which are culturally different and distinct for common purposes.
		Its attractiveness was an irresistible magnet to the warlike tribes of Wisconsin and its richness in furs likewise attracted the unwanted attention of the Iroquois to the east.
	members.tripod.com /~RFester (2876 words)

	Search Results for Iroquois - Encyclopædia Britannica
		confederation of five (later six) Indian tribes across upper New York state that during the 17th and 18th centuries played a strategic role in the struggle between the French and British for mastery...
		Two major groups of Indian tribes were living in the New York region when Europeans first arrived: the Mahican (Mohican) and Munsee tribes of the Algonquian family near the Atlantic coast and,...
		E-text of this document of the confederation of six Indian tribes across upper New York state that played a strategic role in the struggle between the French and British for mastery of North America during the 17th and 18th centuries.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Iroquois&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (456 words)

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