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Topic: Iroquois League

	Iroquois
		On the positive side, the adoptions gave the Iroquois a claim to the lands of their former enemies beyond mere "right of conquest." Mass adoption, however, was not extended to non-Iroquian speaking tribes, and from this point the Iroquois population dropped.
		The League's organization was prescribed by a written constitution based on 114 wampums and reinforced by a funeral rite known as the "Condolence" - shared mourning at the passing of sachems from the member tribes.
		At the Treaty of Lancaster with the Iroquois, Shawnee and Delaware (and indirectly - Mingo) in 1748, Pennsylvania urged the Iroquois to restore the Ohio tribes to the Covenant Chain as a barrier against the French.
	www.tolatsga.org /iro.html (22123 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Iroquois
		Iroquois, and probably no other was so complex and exact in detail and so wisely adapted to permit the fullest measure of freedom to each component tribe, while securing united action in all that concerned the whole.
		Iroquois dwelling was the so-called "long house", from 50 to 100 feet in length and from 15 to 20 feet in width, the frame of stout posts set upright in the ground, kept in place with cross-pieces, and covered and roofed with bark.
		Iroquois retaliated by landing 1500 warriors at Montreal, ravaging the whole country and butchering 200 men, women and children, carrying off over a hundred more to be tortured in their towns.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08168b.htm (2538 words)

	"Wild Horse". Native American Art & History. Native people tribe. Iroquois
		Iroquois is an easily recognized name, but like the names of many tribes, it was given them by their enemies.
		The League's organization was prescribed by a written constitution based on 114 wampums and reinforced by a funeral rite known as the "Condolence" - shared mourning at the passing of sachems from the member tribes.
		The League's principal sachem (Tadodaho) was always an Onondaga, and as "keepers of the council fire" with 14 sachems (well out of proportion to their population), they represented compromise.
	www.american-native-art.com /publication/iroquois/iroquois.html (2288 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Isaac Jogues, a notable Jesuit missionary, was killed by the Iroquois as a sorcerer in 1646, but the missionaries were somewhat successful, and a considerable number of the Mohawk withdrew from the confederacy and founded (c.1670) a Catholic settlement.
		Brant, the principal leader of the Iroquois troops, participated with the Tory Rangers of Walter Butler in raids in New York and Pennsylvania, particularly the Cherry Valley and Wyoming Valley massacres.
		Most of the remaining Iroquois, except for the Oneida of Wisconsin and the Seneca-Cayuga of Oklahoma, are in New York; the Onondoga reservation there is still the capital of the Iroquois Confederacy.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ir/IroquoisC.html (1077 words)

	The flag of the Iroquois League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Formed around 1570, the confederacy, or Iroquois League was originally comprised of five tribes.
		From earliest times, the unity of the Iroquois was symbolized by a wampum belt fashioned in a pattern that has become known as "Hiawatha's Belt".
		Several confrontations between Iroquois and the governments of Quebec and New York have increased Iroquois self awareness.
	users.aol.com /donh523/navapage/iroquois.htm (373 words)

	Seneca Indians - Tribal History
		At the time of the formation of the Iroquois League, the five tribes occupied territory from the East to the West, the Seneca being the "keepers of the western door".
		Iroquois warriors were also believed to have participated in ritual cannibalism, and were also know to torture their prisoners.
		Ironically, Iroquois politics were the most sophisticated in all of the North-American Native cultures; the Seneca, with the exception of one tribe (The Tonawanda), having adopted a democratic form of government after years of questionable leadership by Chiefs who had come into their positions out of lineage rather than virtue.
	www.senecaindians.com /seneca_tribal.htm (854 words)

	Facts for Kids: Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Indians
		Iroquois longhouses were up to a hundred feet long, and each one housed an entire clan (as many as 60 people.) Here is a photograph of an Iroquois longhouse, and here is a drawing of what a longhouse looked like on the inside.
		Iroquois warriors often shaved their heads except for a scalplock or a crest down the center of their head (the style known as a roach, or a "Mohawk.") Sometimes they augmented this hairstyle with splayed feathers or artificial roaches made of brightly dyed porcupine and deer hair.
		The Iroquois tribes were known for their mask carving, which is considered such a sacred art form that outsiders are still not permitted to view many of these masks.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/iroquois_kids.htm (1894 words)

	Iroquois Indian - Native American Dream Ceremonies and Interpretation
		In past centuries, the Iroquois indians of the Great Lakes considered dreams to be a guide to their lives, to dictate their choices in regard to fishing, hunting, war, dancing, marriage and other significant life events.
		According to the Iroquois, to ignore dreams was to court illness, madness and disaster by opposing the messages of the god within.
		The dreamwork of the Iroquois was not only an early precursor of the dreamwork and analysis of Freud and Jung; it is very similar to the approach to dream interpretation used today by many psychologists trained in Freudian, Jungian and gestalt dream techniques.
	www.webwinds.com /yupanqui/iroquoisdreams.htm (1756 words)

	Chapter4
		When Iroquois warriors encountered people already living in a region, they invariably killed the men and "adopted" the women and children, thus increasing the size of their band and assimilating some characteristics of the conquered culture.
		The League of the Iroquois had indirect contact with Europeans since explorers and fishermen traded with the Indians living along the East Coast and the Gulf of St. Lawrence as early as the mid 1500s.
		The League of the Iroquois - Morgan - 1851
	www.paulkeeslerbooks.com /Chap5Iroquois.html (5833 words)

	Iroquois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee, also known as the League of Peace and Power, Five Nations, or Six Nations) is a group of First Nations/Native Americans.
		An alternate possible origin of the name Iroquois is reputed to come from a French version of a Huron (Wyandot) name—considered an insult—meaning "Black Snakes." The Iroquois were enemies of the Huron and the Algonquin, who were allied with the French, due to their rivalry in the fur trade.
		The Iroquois influence is not as great as [some historians] would like it to be, the framers simply did not revere or even understand much of Iroquois culture, and their influences were European or classical - not wholly New World.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iroquois_League (1796 words)

	Iroquois Nation - Crystalinks
		League traditions allowed for the dead to be symbolically replaced through the "Mourning War", raids intended to seize captives and take vengeance on non-members.
		The Iroquois were enemies of the Huron and the Algonquin, who were allied with the French, due to their rivalry in the fur trade.
		The tribes of the Iroquois' League of the Six Nations (Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, Cayuga, Mohawk, and Tuscarora) have been united for centuries in their celebration of great festivals, at which occur numerous ceremonies of significance to both the spiritual and physical life of the tribes.
	www.crystalinks.com /iroquois.html (3683 words)

	The Iroquois Confederacy
		Each of the Iroquois nations was represented to the Confederate Council by a lord of the confederacy and one war chief.
		Their league included a system of checks and balances, and no action could be taken without the approval of all five Indian nations.
		Those who recognized the wisdom and long history of the Iroquois government did not consider the Indians as mere "savages." Like the Iroquois, Thomas Jefferson believed that public opinion and popular consent were key in maintaining freedom and good government.
	www.lightparty.com /Spirituality/Iroquois.html (1180 words)

	Iroquois League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The False Face Society would come to the house of a sick person and chant, rattle noisemakers, and wear their ugly, carved masks to scare the evil spirits that made the person ill. Once someone was cured, they became a member of the False Face Society and had to carve their own mask.
		The League of Nations was made up of members of the different Iroquois tribes.
		The league was the first form of democracy in the new world.
	www.promotega.org /csu05008/iroquois_league.htm (436 words)

	The Iroquois Wars
		The Iroquois fought the French throughout the establishment of the colony in Canada.
		In time, as the French population and strength grew, the Iroquois drifted southward into upper New York State and the eastern Great Lakes basin, but their animosity toward the French continued to be manifested in raids and hit-and-run warfare.
		Although the Iroquois had to pause to recoup their losses from the Erie campaign, they were soon ready to continue their war of expansion.
	members.tripod.com /~RFester/iroq.html (2062 words)

	The Iroquois
		The Iroquois were not one tribe, but a group of five tribes.
		Dekanawida said the Iroquois tribes must come together and "hold hands to form a circle." He said that the bond of the circle must be so strong that it would not break even if a tree fell on the circle.
		The Iroquois called themselves "people of the longhouse" because of the kind of their kind of houses.
	www.watertown.k12.ma.us /cunniff/americanhistorycentral/02indiansofnorthamerica/The_Iroquois.html (772 words)

	Hiawatha and the Iroquois Confederation (Horatio Hale, Deganawidah, Iroquois League, Confederacy)
		Hiawatha and the Iroquois Confederation (Horatio Hale, Deganawidah, Iroquois League, Confederacy)
		In the figurative speech of the Iroquois, the Oneida is the son, and the Onondaga is the brother, of the Mohawk.
		The fundamental laws of the league, a list of their ancient towns, and the names of the chiefs who constituted their first council, chanted in a kind of litany, are also comprised in the collection.
	www.markshep.com /nonviolence/Hiawatha.html (6151 words)

	Iroquois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Iroquois are believed to have fought their way through hostile tribes from the south.
		The Seneca Nation of the Iroquois lived on the shores of Seneca Lake and westward, and were known as the Keepers of the Western Door.
		The Iroquois League or Confederacy, as it is often called, is still in existence The members still meet at Council Fires on the Onondaga Reservation at Syracuse when there is business to conduct.
	ah.bfn.org /h/iroq/iroqak.html (945 words)

	Joseph Brant: The Demise of the Iroquois League by John H. Martin
		The Iroquois Nation (the Mohawk, Oneida, Tuscarawas, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes) was blessed in the eighteenth century with a number of noted leaders and orators, and among these two who stand out are Joseph Brant and Handsome Lake.
		The Iroquois success was short lived, however, for in 1781 they were faced with the fact of the English surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, and by the complete victory of the American colonists.
		The Iroquois Indian allies in the Ohio lands had from the 1770s gradually formed their own confederacy, and now that the Northwest Ordinance has been passed by the U.S. government opening the Ohio Territory to settlement, the plight of the Ohio tribes was sealed.
	www.crookedlakereview.com /books/saints_sinners/martin2.html (3460 words)

	IMA Hero: Reading Program Iroquois
		Iroquois would eat a morning meal together, and then each person was own their own.
		Iroquois women shared responsibility for running their government centuries earlier, while American women did not gain these rights until the twentieth century.
		The Iroquois League is one of the world's longest lasting unions, and it still exists today in the U.S. and Canada.
	www.imahero.com /readingprogram/iroquois.html (994 words)

	Dating the Iroquois Confederacy, by Bruce E. Johansen
		The rise in interpersonal violence that predated the Iroquois League can be tied to a cannibal cult and the existence of villages with palisades, both of which can be dated to the mid-twelfth century.
		Most accounts of the Iroquois League's origins stress the roles played by Deganawidah, who is called "The Peacemaker" in oral discourse among traditional Iroquois, and Aionwantha (or Hiawatha), who joined him in a quest to quell the blood feud and establish peace.
		Occasionally in Iroquois history, a title also may become a personal name -- Handsome Lake (a reference to Lake Ontario) was the title to one of the 50 seats on the Iroquois Grand Council before it was the name of the nineteenth-century Iroquois prophet.
	www.ratical.com /many_worlds/6Nations/DatingIC.html (1759 words)

	The Iroquois League
		The Iroquois, a confederation of first five and then six Native American nations in the northeastern United States, however, formed what was an anomalous confederation that would form much of the basis for the American invention of government.
		This was a powerful confederation of sovereign nations held together by a constitution that based itself on the structure of the confederation and its decision-making apparatus rather than on the charisma or power of individuals.
		Originally occupying only northern New York, the League would expand by alliance and conquest to control an area from southern Canada to Kentucky north to south, and Eastern Pennsylvania to Ohio east to west.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/CULAMRCA/IRLEAGUE.HTM (696 words)

	About the St. Joe River: History
		The League felt that they were being ignored because they had already been dealing in the furs of their area with the British and the Dutch.
		The Iroquois League had all but deleted their area of furs by about 1620 due to their trading with the British.
		In the fall of 1654 during a lull in the conflict between Quebec and the Iroquois League, a bold Frenchman by the name of Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers crossed from east to west over the bottom part of what is now Michigan.
	www.fotsjr.org /river/history.htm (2140 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy — FactMonster.com
		Iroquois Confederacy: Rise to Power - Rise to Power The Iroquois were second to no other Native Americans N of Mexico in political...
		Iroquois Confederacy: In the American Revolution - In the American Revolution The American Revolution was disastrous for the Iroquois.
		Iroquois Confederacy: Relationship with the French and the British - Relationship with the French and the British Many historians argue that the hostility of the...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0825512.html (199 words)

	The Seneca Indian Tribe - Member of the Iroquois nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Seneca were one of the original members of the Iroquois League, which they called “Kanonsionni” in their own language (league of clans).
		Seneca Indian tribe women were in charge of farming, property, and family and they had the complete ownership of all the land and the homes.
		Today, the decedents of the Iroquois League member tribes refer to themselves as the Haudenosaunee (people of the longhouse) or Six Nations.
	www.indians.org /articles/seneca-indian-tribe.html (455 words)

	MrDonn.org - Iroquois Nation Daily Life in Olden Times, Customs, Eastern Woodland Indians
		According to Iroquois legend, the Great Spirit had told them that the animals and the things of the forest were their helpers.
		Iroquois warriors taught the European settlers valuable lessons in how to use geography to win a battle.
		By the 1600's, the Iroquois knew it was essential to present a united front to the colonists.
	nativeamericans.mrdonn.org /iroquois.html (3684 words)

	iroquois constitution united states
		One of the first concepts which must be explored is the tradition of the Iroquois League, since the basis of the thesis is that the League tradition preceded and influenced the thinking of the Founding Fathers.
		What follows is a condensed version of the League Tradition as put forth in the work translated by Hanni Woodbury which will provide a general overview of the mythology which lead to the Tradition and the components of the Tradition which allowed a working unification system for the Iroquois Confederacy.
		There is a plethora of opinion which concurs with the thesis that the Iroquois Confederacy had a strong influence on the final document which was to be the law of the land for the United States from its inception to present day.
	www.ipoaa.com /iroquois_constitution_united_states.htm (2888 words)

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