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Topic: Iroquois kinship

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Omaha kinship

Hawaiian kinship

Sudanese kinship

Crow kinship

Eskimo kinship

Kinship and descent

Family

Unilineal descent

Ambilineal descent

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Iroquois

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Lewis Henry Morgan

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	longhouses
		The Iroquois themselves by then are living in log homes like the Joseph Brant log structure excavated by SUNY Albany at Indian Castle.
		When the Iroquois Ieft the bark longhouse for log structures, they had the hearth in the center of the floor, with a central smoke hole.
		Longhouses in modern Iroquois communities are in the European style.
	www.iroquoismuseum.org /longhous.htm (1336 words)

	Iroquois kinship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Iroquois Kinship (also known as Bifurcate merging) is a kinship system used to define family.
		Ego (the subject from whose perspective the kinship is based) is encouraged to marry his cross cousins but discouraged from marrying his parallel cousins.
		However, multiple groups around the globe employ the "Iroquois" system and is fairly commonly found in unilineal descent groups.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iroquois_kinship (430 words)

	Systematic Kinship Terminologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Lewis Henry Morgan, a 19th century pioneer in kinship studies, surmised that the Hawaiian system resulted from a situation of unrestricted sexual access or "primitive promiscuity" in which children called all members of their parental generation father and mother because paternity was impossible to acertain.
		Hawaiian kinship semantics are now thought to be related to the presence and influence of ambilineal descent systems.
		This terminology occurs in societies that are organized on the basis of unilineal descent, where distinctions between father's kin and mother's kin are critical.
	www.umanitoba.ca /anthropology/tutor/kinterms/termsys.html (732 words)

	"Wild Horse". Native American Art & History. Native people tribe. Iroquois
		The original homeland of the Iroquois was in upstate New York between the Adirondack Mountains and Niagara Falls.
		Iroquois is an easily recognized name, but like the names of many tribes, it was given them by their enemies.
		By 1660, however, the Iroquois found it necessary to present a united front to Europeans, and the original freedom of its members had to be curtailed somewhat.
	www.american-native-art.com /publication/iroquois/iroquois.html (2288 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Iroquois
		The Iroquois dwelling was the so-called "long house", from 50 to 100 feet in length and from 15 to 20 feet in width, the frame of stout posts set upright in the ground, kept in place with cross-pieces, and covered and roofed with bark.
		In Iroquois cosmogony, the central figure is Tharonyawagon, the "Sky Holder", dwelling above the firmament, whose pregnant wife, cast down to the earth in a fit of jealousy, bears a daughter, who, marrying a turtle in human form-the turtle being symbolic of power over earth and water-becomes in turn the mother of twin boys.
		According to Iroquois tradition, as interpreted by Hewitt, our best living authority, the league was established through the effort of Hiawatha (River Maker), probably of the Mohawk tribe, about the year 1570, or about forty years before the appearance of the French and Dutch in their country.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08168b.htm (2437 words)

	History
		The importance of agriculture to the Iroquois was clearly demonstrated by six annual agricultural festivals held with prayers of gratitude for their harvest.
		Iroquois was still short the required population to be an incorporated village.
		Iroquois now had a waterworks system, a new set of Locks, a major transportation means in the Grand Trunk Railway, a telephone line, various businesses and manufacturers all prospering, churches and cemeteries, and now they could power it all on their own with the Power Plant.
	members.tripod.com /j.wagemans/history.htm (3067 words)

	Iroquois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		On the positive side, the adoptions gave the Iroquois a claim to the lands of their former enemies beyond mere "right of conquest." Mass adoption, however, was not extended to non-Iroquian speaking tribes, and from this point the Iroquois population dropped.
		An exception was the Iroquois threat of intervention on behalf of the Tuscarora during the Tuscarora War (1712-13) with the Carolina colonists.
		At the Treaty of Lancaster with the Iroquois, Shawnee and Delaware (and indirectly - Mingo) in 1748, Pennsylvania urged the Iroquois to restore the Ohio tribes to the Covenant Chain as a barrier against the French.
	www.tolatsga.org /iro.html (22123 words)

	Crow kinship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crow kinship is a kinship system used to define family.
		The system is somewhat similar to the Iroquois system, but further distinguishes between the mother's side and the father's side.
		The system, like the Iroquois, uses Bifurcate Merging, however, only the Iroquois system uses BM as a secondary name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crow_kinship (260 words)

	AusAnthrop: Australian Aboriginal kinship and social organization
		Kinship and social organisation are, in this respect and certainly in Australia, the privileged domain through which such recognition can be accomplished, either because it is implicitly expected by the legal system, or because it is one of the most efficient mechanisms for the inclusion of members among indigenous groups themselves.
		Kinship today is understood as a much more broader domain as it was 30 years ago, where genealogies and formal models were supposed to demonstrate cross-cultural similarities, while, at least for some researchers, underlining simultaneously cultural specificities.
		Kinship encompasses the norms, roles, institutions and cognitive processes referring to all the social relationships that people are born into or create later in life, and that are expressed through, but not limited to, an etic biological idiom.
	www.ausanthrop.net /research/kinship/kinship2.php (4181 words)

	Addams Family, happy family, family poem
		For example, most kinship terminologies distinguish between sexes (the difference between a brother and a sister) and between generations (the difference between a child and a parent).
		Iroquois: has both classificatory and descriptive terms; in addition to sex and generation, also distinguishes between siblings of opposite sexes in the parental generation.
		This kinship terminology commonly occurs in societies based on conjugal (or nuclear) families, where nuclear families have a degree of relatively mobility.
	www.telepk.com /family/addams-family (2321 words)

	Anthro 500b \| Notes on Lewis Henry Morgan
		He developed an abiding interest in the Iroquois and an activist on their behalf (he was made an honorary member of the Seneca nation), and his first major volume was on the Iroquois… Morgan earned sufficient money from his law practice to retire in the 1860s and devote his full time to scholarship.
		Iroquois kinship/descent was the basis of its political organization.
		On the Iroquois: "Before the American Revolution, a loose native confederation known as the "Six Nations" lived south of Lake Ontario and east of Lake Erie, within the territory claimed by the colony of New York.
	classes.yale.edu /02-03/anth500a/reading_notes/RN_Morgan_LH.htm (1585 words)

	Algonkin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is unclear whether these people were Iroquois or Huron, but by the time the French made their first permanent settlement in this area seventy years later, these so-called "Laurentian" Iroquois had disappeared, the apparent casualties of a Iroquois-Algonquian war which had occurred in the interim.
		Through all of these years, the Iroquois had never dared to attack the Kichesipirini fortress, but in 1642 a surprise winter raid hit the Algonkin while most of their warriors were absent and inflicted severe casualties.
		Only the Iroquois League's preoccupation with their war against the Huron brought some measure of relief to the French allies in the east, but this ended in 1649 after the Iroquois overran and completely destroyed the Huron.
	www.tolatsga.org /alg.html (5698 words)

	Mohawk Iroquois Longhouse - Construction
		The clan was the basic social and economic unit in Iroquois society and the leadership in the clans was through the women, because the kinship followed the mother’s bloodline.
		To the modern Iroquois people, the Longhouse remains a powerful symbol of the ancient union and is important to many traditions.
		There is an eyewitness report of the Iroquois using an adz to smooth out these furrows so that they wouldn't catch the rainwater as it ran down the roof and sides of the longhouse.
	www.nysm.nysed.gov /IroquoisVillage/constructiontwo.html (2632 words)

	Iroquois kinship - Suprari (beta)
		Iroquois kinship (also known as bifurcate merging) is a kinship system used to define family.
		Ego (the subject from whose perspective the kinship is based) is encouraged to marry his cross cousins but discouraged from marrying his parallel cousins.
		However, multiple groups around the globe employ the "Iroquois" system and is fairly commonly found in unilineal descent groups.
	www.suprari.com /wiki.php?page=Iroquois_kinship (413 words)

	Kinship Readers Guide
		Kinship in ancient Israel and Judah, as well as in first-century Palestine, was affected by the political sphere especially in terms of law—mostly in terms of deviance—for example: incest (Lev 18:6-19), rape (Deut 22:23-29), adultery (Lev 20:10), marriage (Lev 21:7; Deut 25:5-10), divorce (Deut 24:1-4), and inheritance (Num 27:1-11; Luke 12:13).
		Kinship was affected by religion in terms of purity, for example: intercourse regulations (John 7:53—8:11) and the status of spouses (Deut 7:1-4; Luke 1:5).
		And finally, kinship was interactive with the economic sphere in terms of occupations (Mark 1:16-20), and the distributions of dowry, indirect dowry, bridewealth, and inheritance (Luke 12:13).
	www.kchanson.com /ARTICLES/kinship.html (7394 words)

	The world's top Family websites
		For example, most kinship terminologies distinguish between genders (this is the difference between a brother and a sister) and between generation (this is the difference between a sister and a mother).
		Iroquois: has both classificatory and descriptive terms; in addition to gender and generation, also distinguishes between siblings of opposite sexes in the parental generation.
		This kinship terminology is common in societies based on conjugal (or nuclear) families, where nuclear families must be relatively mobile.
	www.websbiggest.com /dir-wiki.cfm/Family (2200 words)

	Iroquois Indian Tribe History
		The League of the Iroquois, when first known to Europeans, was composed of the five tribes, and occupied the territory extending from the East watershed of Lake Champlain to the west watershed of Genesee river, and from the Adirondacks southward to the territory of the Conestoga.
		The French made several attempts through their missionaries to win over the Iroquois, and were so far successful that a considerable number of individuals from the different tribes, most of them Mohawk and Onondaga, withdrew from the several tribes and formed Catholic settlements at Caughnawaga, St Regis, and Oka, on the.
		On account of the defection of the Catholic Iroquois and the omission of the Tuscarora from the estimates it was impossible to get a statement of the full strength of the Iroquois until within recent times.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/iroquioi/iroquoishist.htm (1179 words)

	Origins of the Family-- Chapter 3
		As an Iroquois had only things of little value to leave, the inheritance was shared by his nearest gentile relations; in the case of a man, by his own brothers and sisters and maternal uncle; in the case of a woman, by her children and own sisters, but not by her brothers.
		Among the Iroquois the ceremony of adoption into the gens was performed at a public council of the tribe, and therefore was actually a religious rite.
		All the members of an Iroquois gens were personally free, and they were bound to defend each other's freedom; they were equal in privileges and in personal rights, the sachem and chiefs claiming no superiority; and they were a brotherhood bound together by the ties of kin.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/ch03.htm (4616 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography
		Amazingly a Mohawk woman whom he had hired to hunt for it herself recognized it as one of the common remedies of the Iroquois, and, acting on his description of the Chinese respect for it, she cured herself of a chronic fever.
		He observed that the Iroquois old men had learned the advantage of federation in contending with their neighbours, and with the whites; but he nowhere describes the League of the Five Nations as such or lists the composition of tribal delegations to the Grand Council at Onondaga (near Syracuse, N.Y.).
		The guarantee of continuity for Iroquois society and polity even now is their custom of resuscitating the dead by symbolically passing on the name or title to a living person, who assumes the personality and duties of the deceased.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBioPrintable.asp?BioId=35558 (2798 words)

	The Nature of Kinship: Kin Naming Systems (Part 2)
		In the Iroquois kin naming system, the same term of reference is used for father and father's brother (1) as well as mother and mother's sister (2).
		However, the Iroquois system may be either patrilineal or matrilineal and is usually not as strongly one or the other.
		What sets the Iroquois system apart is the fact that cross cousins are also lumped together and distinguished by gender (7 = male and 8 = female).
	anthro.palomar.edu /kinship/kinship_6.htm (726 words)

	American-French Genealogical Society: Kinship
		Kinship terms reflect many things, such as the type of family they live in, their rule of residence, their rule of descent and other aspects of their social organization.
		The two functions of kinship systems are 1) to provide continuity between generations and 2) define the group of people who can depend on each other for mutual help.
		In traditional societies, kinship is the basis of their social organization, whereas in industrial societies, we organize ourselves according to class, common interests, type of employment or career.
	www.afgs.org /kinship.html (1425 words)

	Grade Eight Social Studies: Unit One
		Each Iroquois family lived in a "long house" and was called a "long house family." The eldest woman was head of the family, and her relatives made up the family.
		Iroquois children also had many "brothers" and "sisters." They not only referred to the children of their mother as brothers and sisters, but also to their mother's sisters.
		The clans then grouped themselves into larger divisions called "a group of brothers and sisters." From there, the kinship pattern formed nations-there were five Iroquois nations and each nation named its clans from the same ten clan names.
	www.sasked.gov.sk.ca /docs/midlsoc/gr8/81handouts.html (2049 words)

	North American Bigfoot Legends
		But tribal cultures everywhere are based on relationship and kinship; the closer the kinship, the stronger the bond.
		The Iroquois (Six Nations Confederacy) of the Northeast -- although they live in close proximity to the eastern Algonkian tribes with their Windigo legends -- view Bigfoot much in the same way the Hopi do, as a messenger from the Creator trying to warn humans to change their ways or face disaster.
		Some present-day Iroquois assert that the "little people" are still there, just not seen as often because the Iroquois don't spend as much time hunting up in the mountains as they used to.
	www.bfro.net /legends (1557 words)

	The Iroquois League
		The Iroquois, a confederation of first five and then six Native American nations in the northeastern United States, however, formed what was an anomalous confederation that would form much of the basis for the American invention of government.
		This was a powerful confederation of sovereign nations held together by a constitution that based itself on the structure of the confederation and its decision-making apparatus rather than on the charisma or power of individuals.
		The veto power of the president clearly derives from the function of the Onandaga Lords as Fire-Keepers, and the open-endedness of the League is reproduced in the open-endedness of the Constitution: any state can join, any state can secede, and, potentially, any state can be withdrawn from the nation.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/CULAMRCA/IRLEAGUE.HTM (696 words)

	Native Americans of the Northeast
		The individual Iroquois tribes were divided into three clans; turtle, bear and wolf and each headed by the clan mother.
		Iroquois villages had communal longhouses of the different clans.
		The original homeland of the Iroquois was in upstate New York between the Adirondack Mountains and Niagra Falls.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Oracle/5467 (491 words)

	[No title]
		Lewis Henry Morgan, a 19th century pioneer in kinship studies, surmised that the Hawaiian system resulted from a situation of unrestricted sexual access or "primitive promiscuity" in which children called all members of their parental generation father and mother because paternity was impossible to ascertain.
		Agnates: Relatives by ‘blood.’ Ambilineal descent: A principle of descent in which kinship (and property) are traced through BOTH the mother’s and father’s families, but for different sorts of property.
		Kinship: The organization of relationships by ‘blood,’ marriage, and sharing, AND the terms that classify those relationships.
	www.uvm.edu /~msherida/Kinship101.doc (1794 words)

	[No title]
		Page 303: Were the Iroquois known for their ability with boats and water travel?
		Page 309: Why does Fenton say "although Iroquois towns were built and governed by men, and to all appearances the women were drudges, men owed their offices to female succession, and the village and its environs of cleared fields up to the woods edge were the domain of women."?
		Page 312 to 313: "It would seem that in the northeastern woodlands the wide extension of a comprehensive network of kinship terms was not sufficient." What do you make of this statement?
	www.uwec.edu /stroutdp/fentoniroquois.htm (976 words)

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