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Topic: Irritant

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Lachrymatory

Use of poison gas in World War I

	Purina ONE: Allergic & Irritant Contact Dermatitis
		Irritant contact dermatitis results when the skin is exposed to noxious substances in the environment.
		Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when the skin is exposed to severely irritating chemicals such as the sap in poison ivy and salt on the road.
		Irritant contact dermatitis would affect every cat that is exposed to the irritant.
	www.purinaone.com /catcare_cond_atoz_article.asp?Seed=614&ArticleNumber=1 (520 words)

	Principles of Pediatric Dermatology - Chapter18 : PRIMARY IRRITANT DERMATITIS
		Irritant dermatitis is caused by a substance applied for the first time or for a short period which can cause cell damage if applied with certain concentration and for a sufficient time.
		Primary irritant dermatitis due to primary irritating factors is not an allergic reaction, and must be differentiated from allergic contact dermatitis.
		Itching is the main symptom of dermatitis and varies according to the irritant, stage, age and the patient‘s threshold.
	www.drmhijazy.com /english/chapters/chapter18.htm (815 words)

	NIOSH/National Occupational Research Agenda /Allergic & Irritant Dermatitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Allergic and irritant dermatitis (contact dermatitis) is overwhelmingly the most important cause of occupational skin diseases, which account for 15% to 20% of all reported occupational diseases.
		Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common occupational skin disease, usually resulting from toxic reactions to chemical irritants such as solvents and cutting fluids.
		Because the prognosis of occupational irritant and allergic dermatitis is poor, prevention is imperative.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/nrderm.html (911 words)

	alopecia areata - irritant and contact sensitizer treatments
		Clinically, the effects of an irritant are much the same as a contact sensitizing chemical with inflammatory dermatitis induction being the key symptom.
		However, this assumes that the cells responding to the irritant or contact dermatitis inducer are the same as the cells responding to the hair follicle antigens.
		The dermatologist will recommend you keep the irritant on your scalp for a period of time that varies depending on how sensitive your skin is and the personal preference of the dermatologist.
	www.keratin.com /ad/ad020.shtml (2370 words)

	American Family Physician: Contact dermatitis and urticaria from environmental exposures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Irritant contact dermatitis caused by chronic exposure to mild irritants typically begins with erythema and progresses to eczema with exudative vesicles and papules, most often limited to the area of direct contact.
		Mild or moderate irritants, such as dilute acids, organic hydrocarbon solvents and some detergents, generally produce irritant dermatitis in only a small percentage of persons after a single contact but will cause a reaction in nearly everyone after prolonged or repeated exposure.
		Irritant contact dermatitis is often difficult to differentiate from allergic contact dermatitis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n5_v48/ai_14282685 (1319 words)

	Irritant contact dermatitis. DermNet NZ
		Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when chemicals or physical agents damage the surface of the skin faster than the skin is able to repair the damage.
		Irritant contact dermatitis may affect anyone, given sufficient exposure to irritants, but those with atopic dermatitis are particularly susceptible.
		Irritant dermatitis in any case is usually the result of the cumulative effect of multiple irritants.
	www.dermnetnz.org /dermatitis/contact-irritant.html (831 words)

	BBC - Gloucestershire Music - Review: Irritant
		Since then things have been a little quiet on the Irritant front, but now it seems they are ready to launch a second front upon the unsuspecting people of Gloucestershire.
		The problem is that you know they’d rather be making a lot of noise with their guitars rather sitting at a desk, producing a beautiful libretto.
		Irritant may not be the next best thing just yet.
	www.bbc.co.uk /gloucestershire/music/2004/06/review_irritant.shtml (631 words)

	PCCU Volume 15
		Irritant exposures occur not only in industry (Table 1), but also in household settings, in which inappropriate mixing of cleaning products can give rise to potent irritant gases de novo.
		In addition to irritant exposures, patients may give a history of factors associated with laryngeal inflammation, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic rhinosinusitis with postnasal drip, and poor vocal hygiene (vocal strain and excessive throat-clearing).
		Absent a randomized clinical trial of topical steroid therapy in RADS (which is unlikely to occur in the near future), inhaled steroids should be considered as probably beneficial, and the condition should be approached overall with a stepwise approach to pharmacologic therapy, as in standard adult asthma.
	www.chestnet.org /education/online/pccu/vol15/lessons1_2/lesson02.php (2839 words)

	Allergic Irritant Reaction, Scalp Condition
		An irritant contact dermatitis (irritant reaction) presents as an acute skin condition
		Irritant Contact Dermatitis tends to affect the hands, eyes and scalp.
		In most case we are able to offer treatment for allergic irritant reactions affecting the scalp.
	www.stevens-trichology.com /allergic-irritant-scalp-reaction.htm (342 words)

	Irritant contact dermatitis
		Irritant contact dermatitis develops when the skin comes in contact with irritant chemical or physical agents.
		Acute irritant contact dermatitis is caused by exposure to strong irritants such as acids and alkalis.
		The diagnosis is based on a history of exposure to the suspected irritant(s) and clinical examination.
	eczema.dermis.net /content/e03typesof/e02irritant/index_eng.html (253 words)

	Electronic Textbook of Dermatology--Botanical Dermatology , Irritant Dermatitis--Mechanical
		Irritant dermatitis can affect virtually anyone depending on the person's skin barrier function and the potency and duration of the irritant stimulus.
		Irritant dermatitis ranges from mild erythema to hemorrhagic bullae and necrosis.
		Coarse fibers on tulip bulb tunics (tecta) cause the irritant component of 'tulip fingers.' This reaction to tulip bulbs (genus Tulipa, Liliaceae) is primarily an allergic contact dermatitis.
	www.telemedicine.org /botanica/bot3.htm (1053 words)

	OSH Answers: Dermatitis, Irritant Contact
		Occupational irritant contact dermatitis is an inflammation caused by substances found in the workplace that come in direct contact with the skin.
		The irritant action of a substance depends on its ability to change some properties of the outer layer of the skin that acts as a protective barrier against toxic substances.
		In the evaluation of occupational irritant contact dermatitis, the best approach is to identify the conditions of exposure by discussing the victim's employment.
	www.ccohs.ca /oshanswers/diseases/dermatitis.html (1477 words)

	Department of Justice Report - The Cincinnati Enquirer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This suggests that chemical irritant may be used against a restrained individual, when in fact it is the exceptional case in which chemical irritant can be constitutionally used in such situations.
		The use of large quantities of chemical irritant may also indicate that the CPD is not using the most effective type of chemical irritant for its purposes.
		For example, it is impossible to count every use of chemical irritant without reviewing all use of force reports, use of taser reports, canine reports and injury to prisoner reports, and determining, in each case, whether the box indictating the use of chemical irritant is checked.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/2001/10/25/102501_doj.html (8338 words)

	Irritant contact eczema
		Irritant contact eczema (or dermatitis) is far more common than allergic contact eczema.
		The connection with the work environment may be obvious if there is routine contact with a known irritant or the job is a ‘wet work’ type; otherwise it may take time to establish that the skin is reacting against an irritant.
		Therefore irritant contact eczema is dependent for diagnosis on a good history of work exposure and knowledge of likely problem agents.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /skin_hair/irritant_eczema_003733.htm (770 words)

	Bio
		Irritant started as Pustule in early 2001 with Cory D. and former guitarist Henry J. As musicians are difficult to come by in Duluth they composed their music with a drum machine.
		Shortly afterwards the name Pustule was retired and Irritant was born.
		He was a cornerstone in Irritant's sound and we wish him the best.
	irritant.worldbreak.com /bio.htm (305 words)

	Dr. Koop - Diaper dermatitis - irritant-induced
		Irritant-induced diaper dermatitis is a diaper rash caused by chemical irritants rather than bacterial or candidal infection.
		Common irritants include ammonia (produced when bacteria break down the urea in urine), acids in the stool (seen more frequently when diarrhea is present), and soaps and other products used in laundering cloth diapers.
		The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/000962.html (240 words)

	Irritant contact dermatitis. DermNet NZ
		Irritant contact dermatitis may affect anyone, given sufficient exposure to irritants, but those with atopic dermatitis are particularly susceptible.
		Accidental exposure to a strong irritant such as a strong acid or alkali substance may cause an immediate skin reaction resulting in pain, swelling and blistering.
		Contact with mild irritants such as water and soap or detergent may over a period of weeks cause dryness, itching and cracking of the skin.
	dermnetnz.org /dermatitis/contact-irritant.html (758 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Irritant
		An irritant is defined by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) according to Appendix A 29 CFR 1910.1200, the Hazard Communication Standard as:
		A chemical is a skin irritant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the methods of 16 CFR 1500.41 for four hours exposure or by other appropriate techniques, it results in an empirical score of five or more.
		16 CFR 1500.3 defines a primary irritant as a substance that is not corrosive and that human experience data indicate is a primary irritant and/or means a substance that results in an empirical score of five or more when tested by the method described in Sec.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/irritant.html (506 words)

	BoDD (Botanical Dermatology Database) - RANUNCULACEAE
		Several genera in the family Ranunculaceae possess irritant properties from the presence of an innocuous glycoside, ranunculin, which readily breaks down in bruised plant tissue by enzyme action to release protoanemonin which is a volatile, strongly irritant, unstable oil (Shearer 1938, Hill and van Heyingen 1951).
		The juice of the plant is irritant (Dalziel 1937) and the leaves are used as a vesicant in Africa (Irvine 1961).
		The plant is intensely irritant and can produce violent blistering particularly of the lips and tongue and also of the skin (Shelmire 1940, Weber 1937, Pammel 1911, Georgia 1914, Fyles 1920, Lander 1926).
	bodd.cf.ac.uk /BotDermFolder/BotDermR/RANU.html (3843 words)

	IRRITANT :: Gloucester's Premier Sons Of Rock
		Irritant are a Gloucester based band with a lot of potential.
		Following a superb gig at Wozstock IRRITANT are looking forward to playing the mighty FROSTER BEER FESTIVAL on Saturday 28th August.
		IRRITANT is currently searching the county for a talented new lead singer.
	www.freewebs.com /irritant_metal (232 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Interactions of pathogens and irritant chemicals in land-applied sewage sludges (biosolids)
		As sludges dry in the field, lime and other irritant chemicals become concentrated and, therefore, may be more irritating upon dermal contact and inhalation.
		Further research is needed to address illnesses among residents exposed to Class B biosolids, especially airborne dusts, and the role irritant chemicals may play in risks posed by low levels of pathogens.
		DL was responsible for the study's concept and design, supervised the study, participated in the analysis and interpretation of data, drafted the manuscript, and participated in the critical revision of the manuscript.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2458/2/11 (4117 words)

	Research Page: Irritant and pain-reducing effects of nicotine
		We hypothesize that nicotine has two major sensory effects: (1) irritation upon contact with the oral mucosa or skin, which may contribute to the liking of tobacco products (analogous to preference for spicy foods), and (2) analgesia due to activation of pain-inhibitory systems in the brain, which may contribute to dependence.
		Upon reapplication, there was a delay in Vc firing corresponding to desensitization, followed by an eventual rise in firing very similar to "stimulus-induced recovery" of irritation by recurrent capsaicin application in humans.
		These data therefore support our general hypothesis that irritant chemicals elicit distinct patterns of trigeminal neural activity that are similar to the pattern of oral irritation elicited by the same chemical.
	www.trdrp.org /research/PageGrant.asp?grant_id=433 (1644 words)

	Electronic Textbook of Dermatology--Botanical Dermatology , Irritant Dermatitis--Chemical
		While calcium oxalate alone can cause irritant dermatitis, it is probably not the sole irritant in plants containing it.
		The spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) is notorious for its highly irritant latex, but derives its common name from the purgative properties of its seeds (French 'epurger' - to purge).
		The irritant chemicals are found in the milky latex produced by laticifers (distinctive unicellular or multicellular tubes) in the stems, leaves, fruits, and other organs.
	telemedicine.org /botanica/bot4.htm (1600 words)

	Albums : X-Dream : Irritant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		However, Irritant is much closer to their side project, then Radio.
		Irritant is like a subway train running on rails of stainless steel, running with the diesel engine firing unabated, running devoid of passengers, streaking through the subterranean dimension tinted green from unfrosted hallogen lights, chugging along sweating and adrenalized but not out of control - never out of control.
		It´s irritant to see one of the most famous german trance projects fall in commercial, this cd rewinds your mindtape cassette not having process falling and lacking out the magic moments Marcus gave us.
	www.psynews.org /reviews/irritant.htm (5390 words)

	Research into euphorbia latex and irritant ingredients part 4
		A diterpene of the ingenane-type parent alcohol with tetradecanoic acid as the acid substituent was isolated by chromatographic methods from the latex of Euphorbia matabelensis.
		The ingenol ester exhibited irritant activity on the mouse ear.
		The extract exhibited significant skin irritant activity on the mouse ear as well as a tumour promoting activity on the mouse back skin.
	www.euphorbia.de /res4.htm (4311 words)

	eMedicine - Contact Dermatitis, Irritant : Article by Daniel Hogan, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		All irritants provoke a similar pattern of cellular infiltration in the dermis; the densities of most of the cell types rise in proportion to the intensity of inflammation.
		Chronic irritant contact dermatitis of the hands in an older worker; the condition resulted in early retirement.
		Willis CM, Reiche L, Wilkinson JD: Keratin 17 is expressed during the course of SLS-induced irritant contact dermatitis, but unlike keratin 16, the degree of expression is unrelated to the density of dividing keratinocytes.
	emedicine.com /derm/topic85.htm (3596 words)

	Chapter Irritable <i>to</i> Islamite of I by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		Susceptible of irritation; unduly sensitive to irritants or stimuli.
		The states elected Harry, Duke of Anjou, for their king, with this clause irritant; that, if he did violate any part of his oath, the people should owe him no allegiance.
		Any agent by which irritation is produced; as, a chemical irritant; a mechanical or electrical irritant.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1200/23063/1.html (175 words)

	Phosgene - COCl2 is used in organic synthesis, in manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals, herbicides, insecticides, ...
		Phosgene is a lund irritant and extremely toxic.
		Phosgene is a lung irritant and extremely toxic.
		It is also produced in the presence of refrigerants that are drawn through a heat source, refrigeration technicians should take extreme caution and prevent the exposure by making sure that smoking is avoided in the presence of refrigerants and preventing inhalation of the gas when soldering or brazing.
	www.c-f-c.com /specgas_products/phosgene.htm (295 words)

	Activation of Neurons in Rat Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis by Different Irritant Chemicals Applied to Oral or Ocular ...
		of irritant chemicals to the tongue or ocular mucosa in thiopental-anesthetized
		Irritant chemicals in the oral cavity presumably activate chemosensitive nociceptors the free endings of which are located
		Each graph shows individual (thin lines) and mean (thick line with SE) dose-response curves for the indicated irritant chemical.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/80/2/465 (8421 words)

	Mike Wendland: Web an election tool -- and an irritant
		Tipper Gore e-mailed me to say she was counting on me. The Bush campaign wanted me to call all my friends and tell them to vote for the Texas governor.
		And Matt Drudge bragged so much about his early release of exit poll data that his Web site was overwhelmed and all but crashed.
		And so it went in cyberspace on Election Day as the Internet proved to be both a major communications tool for candidates and voters and a major irritant to people like Bernie Johnson of Michigan Connect, a Pontiac-based Internet service provider.
	www.freep.com /money/tech/web8_20001108.htm (606 words)

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